See malleus on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"text": "A fracture of the malleus handle is a rare traumatic middle ear lesion.",
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{
"ref": "2010, Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:",
"text": "The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; \"hammer\"); the incus (ingʹkus; \"anvil\"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; \"stirrup\"). The \"handle\" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.",
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"word": "auditory ossicle"
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"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "hamer"
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"_dis1": "99 0 0",
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"word": "عُظيمة المطرقة"
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"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "錘骨 /锤骨"
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"_dis1": "99 0 0",
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"alt": "つちこつ",
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"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "槌骨"
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{
"_dis1": "99 0 0",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "malleus"
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"_dis1": "99 0 0",
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"_dis1": "99 0 0",
"code": "th",
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"roman": "grà-dùuk-kɔ́ɔn",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "กระดูกค้อน"
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"word": "çekiç"
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"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "xương búa"
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"_dis": "26 22 22 3 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 34 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 34 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 34 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 38 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 35 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, “Memoirs: An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers”, in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1884 s2-24, C.T.: Hudson, pages 335-356:",
"text": "[…] in the typical mastax of a Brachionus there are two hammer-like bodies (mallei), which work on a kind of split anvil (incus); […] each malleus consists of an upper part or head (uncus) and a lower or handle (manubrium);",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers."
],
"id": "en-malleus-en-noun-Jz8UU3RE",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"calcareous",
"calcareous"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"mastax",
"mastax"
],
[
"rotifer",
"rotifer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 16 81",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "part of the mastax of rotifers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ząb"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 81",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "part of the mastax of rotifers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chitynowa płytka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 81",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "part of the mastax of rotifers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "młoteczek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæl.i.əs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æliəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "malleus Weberi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tripus"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"malleus"
],
"word": "malleus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "malleō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "malleolus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "maj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: maj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: maj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "malj",
"3": "maljiu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: malj, maljiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: malj, maljiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "mailu"
},
"expansion": "Basque: mailu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: mailu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "mall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: mall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: mall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mail"
},
"expansion": "Old French: mail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: mail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mail"
},
"expansion": "French: mail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: mail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "maul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: maul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: maul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maglio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: maglio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: maglio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "malho"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: malho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: malho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mallo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: mallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: mallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "mai"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: mai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: mai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "magl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: magl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: magl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Logudorese: mazu, màggiu, màgiu, maxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Campidanese: mallu, màgliu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "magghiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: magghiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: magghiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mallo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "maye"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: maye",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: maye"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "malleus"
},
"expansion": "English: malleus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: malleus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "mȃlj"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: mȃlj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: mȃlj / ма̑љ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*melh₂-no-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-no-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-no-, from *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), whence also molō (“I grind”). Compare similar semantic development from the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Church Slavonic млатъ (mlatŭ, “hammer”), beside the verb млѣти (mlěti, “grind”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malleī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "malleus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mallee",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "malleī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malleus<2>"
},
"expansion": "malleus m (genitive malleī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malleus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 6 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] just as when the young suckling calf spies by its right ear the danger poised to crash its resounding hammer blow.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.623–625",
"roman": "tempora discussit claro cava malleus ictu.",
"text": "[…] haud aliter quam cum spectante iuvenca\nlactentis vituli dextra libratus ab aure"
},
{
"english": "She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer […]",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iudicum.5.26",
"text": "sinistram manum misit ad clavum et dexteram ad fabrorum malleos […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hammer, mallet"
],
"id": "en-malleus-la-noun-RYyA1bjO",
"links": [
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"mallet",
"mallet"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 28 24 3 14 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 19 5 33 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 22 3 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 71 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 260 CE, Quintus Gargilius Martialis, P. Vegeti Renati Digestorum artis mulomedicinae 1.31",
"text": "Quod si febris interna fuerit, non facile animal dormiet, et cotidie deterior fiet, interdum furunculos in dorso vel in lateribus habebit: scias eum a morbo, de quo superius disputatum est, maleo teneri."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a disease of animals"
],
"id": "en-malleus-la-noun-cnKlqZ2l",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 22 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1794, Gulielmo Rowley, Schola Medicinæ Universalis Nova, pars prior, page ix Chorda tympani—Oſſicula quatuor auditus, 267—Malleus—Incus—Oſſiculum ſubrotundum ovale—Stapes[…]",
"text": "Chorda tympani—four auditory ossicles, 267—malleus—incus—subrotund oval ossicle—stapes […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the malleus, a small bone in the middle ear"
],
"id": "en-malleus-la-noun-Pm~5AVb0",
"links": [
[
"malleus",
"#English"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"middle ear",
"middle ear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) the malleus, a small bone in the middle ear"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmal.le.us/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmälːʲeʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmal.le.us/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmälːeus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "martellus"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:malleus"
],
"word": "malleus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *melh₂-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æliəs",
"Rhymes:English/æliəs/3 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Skeleton",
"la:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "malleal"
},
{
"word": "mallear"
},
{
"word": "malleable"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*melh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "malleus",
"4": "",
"5": "hammer, mallet"
},
"expansion": "Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "maul"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of maul",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”). Doublet of maul.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mallei",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mallei"
},
"expansion": "malleus (plural mallei)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense": "bone of the middle ear",
"word": "auditory ossicle"
},
{
"sense": "bone of the middle ear",
"word": "auditory bone"
},
{
"sense": "bone of the middle ear",
"word": "otic bone"
},
{
"sense": "bone of the middle ear",
"word": "ossicle"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A fracture of the malleus handle is a rare traumatic middle ear lesion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:",
"text": "The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; \"hammer\"); the incus (ingʹkus; \"anvil\"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; \"stirrup\"). The \"handle\" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"middle ear",
"middle ear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ichthyology"
],
"glosses": [
"The tripus (ossicle in cypriniform fishes)."
],
"links": [
[
"ichthyology",
"ichthyology"
],
[
"tripus",
"tripus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ichthyology) The tripus (ossicle in cypriniform fishes)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ichthyology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Zoology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, “Memoirs: An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers”, in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1884 s2-24, C.T.: Hudson, pages 335-356:",
"text": "[…] in the typical mastax of a Brachionus there are two hammer-like bodies (mallei), which work on a kind of split anvil (incus); […] each malleus consists of an upper part or head (uncus) and a lower or handle (manubrium);",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"calcareous",
"calcareous"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"mastax",
"mastax"
],
[
"rotifer",
"rotifer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæl.i.əs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æliəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "bone of the middle ear",
"word": "hammer"
},
{
"word": "malleus Weberi"
},
{
"word": "tripus"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "hamer"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "hamerbeentjie"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "عُظيمة المطرقة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čukče",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чукче"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "martell"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuígǔ",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "錘骨 /锤骨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kladívko"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "maleo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "vasar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "vasara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "vasaraluu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "malléus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "marteau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hammer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Malleus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sfýra",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σφύρα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "kalapács"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "marteleto"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casúirín"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mailléas"
},
{
"alt": "つちこつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsuchikotsu",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "槌骨"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chugol",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "추골"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "çekûç"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čékanče",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "че́канче"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "hama"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hammer"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "młoteczek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "martelo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ciocan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molotóček",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "молото́чек"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kladivce"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "malleus"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "martillo"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-dùuk-kɔ́ɔn",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "กระดูกค้อน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "çekiç"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear",
"word": "xương búa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "part of the mastax of rotifers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ząb"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "part of the mastax of rotifers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chitynowa płytka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "part of the mastax of rotifers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "młoteczek"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"malleus"
],
"word": "malleus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "malleō"
},
{
"word": "malleolus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "maj"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: maj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: maj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "malj",
"3": "maljiu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: malj, maljiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: malj, maljiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "mailu"
},
"expansion": "Basque: mailu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: mailu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "mall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: mall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: mall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mail"
},
"expansion": "Old French: mail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: mail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mail"
},
"expansion": "French: mail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: mail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "maul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: maul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: maul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maglio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: maglio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: maglio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "malho"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: malho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: malho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "mallo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: mallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: mallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "mai"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: mai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: mai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "magl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: magl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: magl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sardinian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Logudorese: mazu, màggiu, màgiu, maxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Campidanese: mallu, màgliu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "magghiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: magghiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: magghiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mallo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "maye"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: maye",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: maye"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "malleus"
},
"expansion": "English: malleus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: malleus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "mȃlj"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: mȃlj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: mȃlj / ма̑љ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*melh₂-no-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-no-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-no-, from *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), whence also molō (“I grind”). Compare similar semantic development from the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Church Slavonic млатъ (mlatŭ, “hammer”), beside the verb млѣти (mlěti, “grind”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malleī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "malleus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malleō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malleīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mallee",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "malleī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malleus<2>"
},
"expansion": "malleus m (genitive malleī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malleus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] just as when the young suckling calf spies by its right ear the danger poised to crash its resounding hammer blow.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.623–625",
"roman": "tempora discussit claro cava malleus ictu.",
"text": "[…] haud aliter quam cum spectante iuvenca\nlactentis vituli dextra libratus ab aure"
},
{
"english": "She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer […]",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iudicum.5.26",
"text": "sinistram manum misit ad clavum et dexteram ad fabrorum malleos […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hammer, mallet"
],
"links": [
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"mallet",
"mallet"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 260 CE, Quintus Gargilius Martialis, P. Vegeti Renati Digestorum artis mulomedicinae 1.31",
"text": "Quod si febris interna fuerit, non facile animal dormiet, et cotidie deterior fiet, interdum furunculos in dorso vel in lateribus habebit: scias eum a morbo, de quo superius disputatum est, maleo teneri."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a disease of animals"
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"New Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1794, Gulielmo Rowley, Schola Medicinæ Universalis Nova, pars prior, page ix Chorda tympani—Oſſicula quatuor auditus, 267—Malleus—Incus—Oſſiculum ſubrotundum ovale—Stapes[…]",
"text": "Chorda tympani—four auditory ossicles, 267—malleus—incus—subrotund oval ossicle—stapes […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the malleus, a small bone in the middle ear"
],
"links": [
[
"malleus",
"#English"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"middle ear",
"middle ear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) the malleus, a small bone in the middle ear"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmal.le.us/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmälːʲeʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmal.le.us/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmälːeus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "martellus"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:malleus"
],
"word": "malleus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for malleus meaning in All languages combined (17.3kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (tripus): malleus Weberi, tripus desc=tripus rest=malleus Weberi, tripus cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=True e2=False",
"path": [
"malleus"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "malleus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.