See harass on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "don't ask, don't tell, don't harass, don't pursue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harassable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "harassed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harassedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harasser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harassful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "harassing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harassingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harassive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harassment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sexually harass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unharassable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unharassed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱe"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱe",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-r"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex"
},
"expansion": "Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out"
},
"expansion": "French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harer",
"t": "to set a dog on"
},
"expansion": "Old French harer (“to set a dog on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hara",
"t": "here, hither"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hara (“here, hither”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hē₂r",
"t": "here, in this place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱe",
"t": "here; this"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle French, Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”) (modern French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)), possibly from Old French harer (“to set a dog on”), from Frankish *hara (“here, hither”) (a command for a dog to attack), from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”) + *ís (“the (person or thing just named)”) + *-r.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harasses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harassing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "harassed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "harassed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harass (third-person singular simple present harasses, present participle harassing, simple past and past participle harassed)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ha‧rass"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonharassment"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1829, Juvenal, “Satire XII”, in William Smart, transl., Juvenal and Persius, Literally Translated for the Use of Students, London: […] [Richard Gilbert] for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co. […], →OCLC, page 125:",
"text": "For it is a stout calf, ripe for the temples and altar [to be sacrificed], and to be sprinkled with wine; who is now ashamed to draw the dugs of his mother, and who harasseth the oaks with his budding horn.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 109:",
"text": "In my old home, I always knew that John and my master were my friends; but here, although in many ways I was well treated, I had no friend. York might have known, and very likely did know, how that rein harassed me; but I suppose he took it as a matter of course that could not be helped; at any rate nothing was done to relieve me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, “Saint Guthlac. A.”, in Israel Gollancz, editor, The Exeter Book, an Anthology of Anglo-Saxon Poetry […], part I (Poems I–VIII), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society, by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, part I, page 109, lines 81–88:",
"text": "Some who dwell in wildernesses, / who seek and occupy, by their own wills, homes in dark caverns, these await / the heavenly dwelling-place; he who grudgeth them life, / oft bringeth hateful terror upon them; / sometimes he showeth them horror, sometimes vain glory; / the wily murderer hath power of both, / and harasseth these lonely-dwellers; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester."
],
"id": "en-harass-en-verb-l1WMdRaK",
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"systematically",
"systematically"
],
[
"pester",
"pester#Verb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beleaguer"
},
{
"word": "beset"
},
{
"word": "chevy"
},
{
"word": "harry"
},
{
"word": "molest"
},
{
"word": "plague"
},
{
"word": "pester"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990 December 9, Francis Anker, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 21, page 18:",
"text": "I am gay and have AIDS and would very much like to write to someone. It is vey lonely here and they seem to think I'm going to die soon, though I wonder if they aren't just harassing me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, “Compressed air, wooden clappers, and other non-traditional methods for dispersing European starlings from an urban roost.”, in The Eleventh Wildlife Damage Management Conference:",
"text": "In February 2004, we developed a technique using compressed air to physically and audibly harass the birds. […] One person slowly (< 5 mph) drove a pick-up truck through the airport terminal at dusk while the second person sat on a bench in the truck bed and directed the compressed air from the pipe into the canopy to harass starlings attempting to enter the roost site.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester.",
"To persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period."
],
"id": "en-harass-en-verb-K66-zlV6",
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"systematically",
"systematically"
],
[
"pester",
"pester#Verb"
],
[
"persistently",
"persistently"
],
[
"bother",
"bother#Verb"
],
[
"group",
"group#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"physically",
"physically"
],
[
"psychologically",
"psychologically"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unwanted",
"unwanted"
],
[
"extended",
"extended#Adjective"
],
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester.",
"(specifically) To persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beleaguer"
},
{
"word": "beset"
},
{
"word": "chevy"
},
{
"word": "harry"
},
{
"word": "molest"
},
{
"word": "plague"
},
{
"word": "pester"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "molestadi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "ĉagrenadi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "ahdistella"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "whakatīwhetawheta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 78 5 6 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "whakatīwheta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To harass good people is no different than speaking ill of them.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1761, Thomas Boston, “State II. Namely, the State of Nature or of Entire Depravation. Head I. The Sinfulness of Man’s Natural State. [Of the Corruption of the Will.]”, in Human Nature in Its Four-fold State […], 12th edition, Edinburgh: […] David Gray […], →OCLC, page 80:",
"text": "The ſoul that dies this death, is like a loving wife matched with a rigorous huſband: ſhe does what ſhe can to pleaſe him, yet he is never pleaſed; but toſſeth, haraſſeth, and beats her, till ſhe break her heart, and death ſets her free: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1831, William French, George Skinner, transl., A New Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon from the Original Hebrew […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] J. Smith printer to the University; London: John Murray […], →OCLC, Proverbs XI:29, page 37:",
"text": "He, who harasseth his household, shall inherit the wind; / And the fool shall be the servant of the wise in heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1839, Martin F[arquhar] Tupper, “Of Discretion”, in Proverbial Philosophy: A Book of Thoughts and Arguments, Originally Treated, 3rd edition, London: Joseph Rickerby, […], →OCLC, pages 147–148:",
"text": "Zeal without judgment is an evil, though it be zeal unto good; / […] / By a shoulder to the wheel downhill harasseth the labouring beast, / And where an obstruction were needed, will harm by an ill judged thrusting-on.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1855, Alfred Tennyson, “Maud”, in Maud, and Other Poems, new edition, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 6, →OCLC, part XIX, stanza 3, page 65:",
"text": "I am sure I did but speak / Of my mother's faded cheek / When it slowly grew so thin, / That I felt she was slowly dying / Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put excessive burdens upon (someone); to subject (someone) to anxieties."
],
"id": "en-harass-en-verb-vYZSb4UN",
"links": [
[
"put",
"put#Verb"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"burdens",
"burden#Noun"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#Verb"
],
[
"anxieties",
"anxiety"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afflict"
},
{
"word": "distress"
},
{
"word": "vex"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "kwellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "vervolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "troŝarĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "vainota"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "quälen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "verfolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "assillare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "incalzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "tartassare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 95 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "sàraich"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC, page 63:",
"text": "But meanevvhile, to harraſſe and vvearie the Engliſh, they [the French] did vpon all aduantages ſet vpon them vvith their Light-Horſe; vvherein neuertheleſſe they receiued commonly loſſe, eſpecially by meanes of the Engliſh-Archers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1712 March 4 (date written; Gregorian calendar), J[onathan] Swift, A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue; […], 2nd edition, London: […] Benj[amin] Tooke, […], published 1712, →OCLC, page 9:",
"text": "[T]he Britains, left to ſhift for themſelves, and daily haraſſed by cruel Inroads from the Picts, were forced to call in the Saxons for their Defence; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829 June 10 (date written), [Washington Irving], “[The Legend of Don Roderick.] Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.”, in Legends of the Conquest of Spain (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 3), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, published 1835, →OCLC, page 11:",
"text": "Spain, or Iberia, as it was called in ancient days, has been a country harassed from the earliest times, by the invader.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897, “Fourth Discourse. Jnana-Yoga.”, in Alladi Mahadeva Sastry, transl., The Bhagavad Gita with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya […], 7th edition, Madras, Tamil Nadu: Samata Books, published 1977, →OCLC, page 119:",
"text": "The tradition of this Yoga has now for a long time been broken here, O Arjuna, who harassest thy foes, like the sun, by the heat of thy prowess.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks."
],
"id": "en-harass-en-verb-9leS~~59",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Verb"
],
[
"repeated",
"repeated#Adjective"
],
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"style",
"style#Noun"
],
[
"attacks",
"attack#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harry"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 10 2 84 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks",
"word": "ahdistella"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 2 84 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 2 84 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks",
"word": "vainota"
}
]
},
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{
"ref": "a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC, pages 34–35:",
"text": "VVhich Troupes came to the Army but the day before, harraſed vvith a long and vveariſome march: and (as it is left for a memorable circumſtance in all Stories,) the Souldiers, being more ſenſible of a little Heat of the Sunne, than of any cold Feare of Death, caſt avvay their Armour, and Garments from them, and fought in their Shirts: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 102, lines 214–215:",
"text": "Their Bodies harraſs, ſink 'em when they run; / And fry their melting Marrow in the Sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 57:",
"text": "Nature oppreſs'd, and harraſs'd out with Care, / Sinks down to Reſt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1812, John Mason Good, “Part II. First Series of Controversy.”, in The Book of Job, Literally Translated from the Original Hebrew, and Restored to Its Natural Arrangement: […], London: […] [F]or Black, Parry, and Co. […], by R. Watts, Broxbourn Press, →OCLC, Job XIV:19–20:",
"text": "As the waters wear to pieces the stones, / As their overflowings sweep the soil from the land,— / So consumest thou the hope of man; / Thou harassest him continually till he perish; / Thou weariest out his frame, and despatchest him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym], “Substance of Some Traditions Respecting Grimmfer the Wizard”, in New Landlord’s Tales; or, Jedediah in the South. […], volume II, London: […] [S. Gosnell] for T[homas] Hookham, […], →OCLC, chapter I, pages 126–127:",
"text": "'[T]is true, that he neither harasseth his vassals from morn to eve by hard labour and exaction, nor committeth them to the dungeon, when they can no longer work nor pay. But to knights of our calling, Monsieur Robichon, he is as ill disposed as the worst of them:— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Often followed by out: to fatigue or tire (someone) with exhausting and repeated efforts."
],
"id": "en-harass-en-verb-da0kh~NV",
"links": [
[
"out",
"out#Adverb"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue#Verb"
],
[
"tire",
"tire#Verb"
],
[
"exhausting",
"exhausting#Adjective"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Often followed by out: to fatigue or tire (someone) with exhausting and repeated efforts."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-harass.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəs"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jalaton kora",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "জ্বালাতন করা"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezpokoja",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "безпокоя"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "дразня"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "fastiguejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "molestar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "vexar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "騷擾"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "sāorǎo",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "骚扰"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "pesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "turmentadi"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hätyyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "kiusata"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "belästigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "importunare"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "infastidire"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "molestare"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "tormentare"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "vessare"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "badda badda"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "vexō"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hawene"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "whakakūrakuraku"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "whakangari"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "whakatīwheta"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "dręczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "gnębić"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "nękać"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "prześladować"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "assediar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "incomodar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "molestar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hărțui"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bespokóitʹ",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "беспоко́ить"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dosaždátʹ",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "досажда́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bādhati",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "बाधति"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "sàraich"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "acosar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hostigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "asicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "peler"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "soyî"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 38 6 3 15",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "tourmeter"
}
],
"word": "harass"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱe"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱe",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-r"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex"
},
"expansion": "Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out"
},
"expansion": "French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harer",
"t": "to set a dog on"
},
"expansion": "Old French harer (“to set a dog on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hara",
"t": "here, hither"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hara (“here, hither”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hē₂r",
"t": "here, in this place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱe",
"t": "here; this"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle French, Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”) (modern French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)), possibly from Old French harer (“to set a dog on”), from Frankish *hara (“here, hither”) (a command for a dog to attack), from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”) + *ís (“the (person or thing just named)”) + *-r.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harasses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harass (plural harasses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ha‧rass"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 22, lines 257–258:",
"text": "Mean while the men of Judah to prevent / The harraſs of thir Land, beſet me round; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XXXIV. Mr. Lovelace, to John Belford, Esq”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume IV, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 199:",
"text": "Now, Belford, if ſhe be not much concerned at the broken veſſel, which, in one ſo fiery in his temper as I have the reputation to be thought, may be very dangerous; a malady that I ſhall calmly attribute to the haraſſes and doubts, that I have laboured under for ſome time paſt; which will be a further proof of my love, and will demand a grateful return—",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1814, [Lord Byron], “[Lara, a Tale.] Canto II.”, in Lara, a Tale. Jacqueline, a Tale, London: […] [F]or J[ohn] Murray, […], [b]y T[homas] Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza XI, page 71, lines 939–942:",
"text": "The wary foe alone hath turn'd their mood, / And shown their rashness to that erring brood: / The feign'd retreat, the nightly ambuscade, / The daily harass, and the fight delay'd, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harassment; pestering."
],
"id": "en-harass-en-noun-jO64CEek",
"links": [
[
"Harassment",
"harassment"
],
[
"pestering",
"pestering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Harassment; pestering."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-harass.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəs"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æs"
}
],
"word": "harass"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-r",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱe",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æs",
"Rhymes:English/æs/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəs",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "don't ask, don't tell, don't harass, don't pursue"
},
{
"word": "harassable"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "harassed"
},
{
"word": "harassedly"
},
{
"word": "harasser"
},
{
"word": "harassful"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "harassing"
},
{
"word": "harassingly"
},
{
"word": "harassive"
},
{
"word": "harassment"
},
{
"word": "sexually harass"
},
{
"word": "unharassable"
},
{
"word": "unharassed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱe"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱe",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-r"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex"
},
"expansion": "Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out"
},
"expansion": "French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harer",
"t": "to set a dog on"
},
"expansion": "Old French harer (“to set a dog on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hara",
"t": "here, hither"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hara (“here, hither”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hē₂r",
"t": "here, in this place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱe",
"t": "here; this"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle French, Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”) (modern French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)), possibly from Old French harer (“to set a dog on”), from Frankish *hara (“here, hither”) (a command for a dog to attack), from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”) + *ís (“the (person or thing just named)”) + *-r.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harasses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harassing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "harassed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "harassed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harass (third-person singular simple present harasses, present participle harassing, simple past and past participle harassed)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ha‧rass"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "nonharassment"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1829, Juvenal, “Satire XII”, in William Smart, transl., Juvenal and Persius, Literally Translated for the Use of Students, London: […] [Richard Gilbert] for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co. […], →OCLC, page 125:",
"text": "For it is a stout calf, ripe for the temples and altar [to be sacrificed], and to be sprinkled with wine; who is now ashamed to draw the dugs of his mother, and who harasseth the oaks with his budding horn.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 109:",
"text": "In my old home, I always knew that John and my master were my friends; but here, although in many ways I was well treated, I had no friend. York might have known, and very likely did know, how that rein harassed me; but I suppose he took it as a matter of course that could not be helped; at any rate nothing was done to relieve me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, “Saint Guthlac. A.”, in Israel Gollancz, editor, The Exeter Book, an Anthology of Anglo-Saxon Poetry […], part I (Poems I–VIII), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society, by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, part I, page 109, lines 81–88:",
"text": "Some who dwell in wildernesses, / who seek and occupy, by their own wills, homes in dark caverns, these await / the heavenly dwelling-place; he who grudgeth them life, / oft bringeth hateful terror upon them; / sometimes he showeth them horror, sometimes vain glory; / the wily murderer hath power of both, / and harasseth these lonely-dwellers; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester."
],
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"systematically",
"systematically"
],
[
"pester",
"pester#Verb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beleaguer"
},
{
"word": "beset"
},
{
"word": "chevy"
},
{
"word": "harry"
},
{
"word": "molest"
},
{
"word": "plague"
},
{
"word": "pester"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990 December 9, Francis Anker, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 21, page 18:",
"text": "I am gay and have AIDS and would very much like to write to someone. It is vey lonely here and they seem to think I'm going to die soon, though I wonder if they aren't just harassing me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, “Compressed air, wooden clappers, and other non-traditional methods for dispersing European starlings from an urban roost.”, in The Eleventh Wildlife Damage Management Conference:",
"text": "In February 2004, we developed a technique using compressed air to physically and audibly harass the birds. […] One person slowly (< 5 mph) drove a pick-up truck through the airport terminal at dusk while the second person sat on a bench in the truck bed and directed the compressed air from the pipe into the canopy to harass starlings attempting to enter the roost site.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester.",
"To persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period."
],
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"frequently",
"frequently"
],
[
"systematically",
"systematically"
],
[
"pester",
"pester#Verb"
],
[
"persistently",
"persistently"
],
[
"bother",
"bother#Verb"
],
[
"group",
"group#Noun"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"physically",
"physically"
],
[
"psychologically",
"psychologically"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unwanted",
"unwanted"
],
[
"extended",
"extended#Adjective"
],
[
"period",
"period#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester.",
"(specifically) To persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beleaguer"
},
{
"word": "beset"
},
{
"word": "chevy"
},
{
"word": "harry"
},
{
"word": "molest"
},
{
"word": "plague"
},
{
"word": "pester"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To harass good people is no different than speaking ill of them.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1761, Thomas Boston, “State II. Namely, the State of Nature or of Entire Depravation. Head I. The Sinfulness of Man’s Natural State. [Of the Corruption of the Will.]”, in Human Nature in Its Four-fold State […], 12th edition, Edinburgh: […] David Gray […], →OCLC, page 80:",
"text": "The ſoul that dies this death, is like a loving wife matched with a rigorous huſband: ſhe does what ſhe can to pleaſe him, yet he is never pleaſed; but toſſeth, haraſſeth, and beats her, till ſhe break her heart, and death ſets her free: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1831, William French, George Skinner, transl., A New Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon from the Original Hebrew […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] J. Smith printer to the University; London: John Murray […], →OCLC, Proverbs XI:29, page 37:",
"text": "He, who harasseth his household, shall inherit the wind; / And the fool shall be the servant of the wise in heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1839, Martin F[arquhar] Tupper, “Of Discretion”, in Proverbial Philosophy: A Book of Thoughts and Arguments, Originally Treated, 3rd edition, London: Joseph Rickerby, […], →OCLC, pages 147–148:",
"text": "Zeal without judgment is an evil, though it be zeal unto good; / […] / By a shoulder to the wheel downhill harasseth the labouring beast, / And where an obstruction were needed, will harm by an ill judged thrusting-on.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1855, Alfred Tennyson, “Maud”, in Maud, and Other Poems, new edition, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 6, →OCLC, part XIX, stanza 3, page 65:",
"text": "I am sure I did but speak / Of my mother's faded cheek / When it slowly grew so thin, / That I felt she was slowly dying / Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put excessive burdens upon (someone); to subject (someone) to anxieties."
],
"links": [
[
"put",
"put#Verb"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"burdens",
"burden#Noun"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#Verb"
],
[
"anxieties",
"anxiety"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afflict"
},
{
"word": "distress"
},
{
"word": "vex"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC, page 63:",
"text": "But meanevvhile, to harraſſe and vvearie the Engliſh, they [the French] did vpon all aduantages ſet vpon them vvith their Light-Horſe; vvherein neuertheleſſe they receiued commonly loſſe, eſpecially by meanes of the Engliſh-Archers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1712 March 4 (date written; Gregorian calendar), J[onathan] Swift, A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue; […], 2nd edition, London: […] Benj[amin] Tooke, […], published 1712, →OCLC, page 9:",
"text": "[T]he Britains, left to ſhift for themſelves, and daily haraſſed by cruel Inroads from the Picts, were forced to call in the Saxons for their Defence; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829 June 10 (date written), [Washington Irving], “[The Legend of Don Roderick.] Of the Ancient Inhabitants of Spain—of the Misrule of Witiza the Wicked.”, in Legends of the Conquest of Spain (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 3), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, published 1835, →OCLC, page 11:",
"text": "Spain, or Iberia, as it was called in ancient days, has been a country harassed from the earliest times, by the invader.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897, “Fourth Discourse. Jnana-Yoga.”, in Alladi Mahadeva Sastry, transl., The Bhagavad Gita with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya […], 7th edition, Madras, Tamil Nadu: Samata Books, published 1977, →OCLC, page 119:",
"text": "The tradition of this Yoga has now for a long time been broken here, O Arjuna, who harassest thy foes, like the sun, by the heat of thy prowess.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks."
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Verb"
],
[
"repeated",
"repeated#Adjective"
],
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"style",
"style#Noun"
],
[
"attacks",
"attack#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harry"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC, pages 34–35:",
"text": "VVhich Troupes came to the Army but the day before, harraſed vvith a long and vveariſome march: and (as it is left for a memorable circumſtance in all Stories,) the Souldiers, being more ſenſible of a little Heat of the Sunne, than of any cold Feare of Death, caſt avvay their Armour, and Garments from them, and fought in their Shirts: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 102, lines 214–215:",
"text": "Their Bodies harraſs, ſink 'em when they run; / And fry their melting Marrow in the Sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 57:",
"text": "Nature oppreſs'd, and harraſs'd out with Care, / Sinks down to Reſt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1812, John Mason Good, “Part II. First Series of Controversy.”, in The Book of Job, Literally Translated from the Original Hebrew, and Restored to Its Natural Arrangement: […], London: […] [F]or Black, Parry, and Co. […], by R. Watts, Broxbourn Press, →OCLC, Job XIV:19–20:",
"text": "As the waters wear to pieces the stones, / As their overflowings sweep the soil from the land,— / So consumest thou the hope of man; / Thou harassest him continually till he perish; / Thou weariest out his frame, and despatchest him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym], “Substance of Some Traditions Respecting Grimmfer the Wizard”, in New Landlord’s Tales; or, Jedediah in the South. […], volume II, London: […] [S. Gosnell] for T[homas] Hookham, […], →OCLC, chapter I, pages 126–127:",
"text": "'[T]is true, that he neither harasseth his vassals from morn to eve by hard labour and exaction, nor committeth them to the dungeon, when they can no longer work nor pay. But to knights of our calling, Monsieur Robichon, he is as ill disposed as the worst of them:— […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Often followed by out: to fatigue or tire (someone) with exhausting and repeated efforts."
],
"links": [
[
"out",
"out#Adverb"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue#Verb"
],
[
"tire",
"tire#Verb"
],
[
"exhausting",
"exhausting#Adjective"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Often followed by out: to fatigue or tire (someone) with exhausting and repeated efforts."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-harass.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəs"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jalaton kora",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "জ্বালাতন করা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezpokoja",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "безпокоя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "дразня"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "fastiguejar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "molestar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "vexar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "騷擾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "sāorǎo",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "骚扰"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "pesten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "turmentadi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hätyyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "kiusata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "belästigen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "importunare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "infastidire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "molestare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "tormentare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "vessare"
},
{
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "badda badda"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "vexō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hawene"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "whakakūrakuraku"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "whakangari"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "whakatīwheta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "dręczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "gnębić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "nękać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "prześladować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "assediar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "incomodar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "molestar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hărțui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bespokóitʹ",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "беспоко́ить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dosaždátʹ",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "досажда́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bādhati",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "बाधति"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "sàraich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "acosar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "hostigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "asicar"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "peler"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "soyî"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to annoy (someone) frequently or systematically — see also pester",
"word": "tourmeter"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "molestadi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "ĉagrenadi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "ahdistella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "whakatīwhetawheta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period",
"word": "whakatīwheta"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "kwellen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "vervolgen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "troŝarĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "vainota"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "quälen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "verfolgen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "assillare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "incalzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "tartassare"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to put excessive burdens upon (someone)",
"word": "sàraich"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks",
"word": "ahdistella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to trouble (someone, or a group of people) through repeated military-style attacks",
"word": "vainota"
}
],
"word": "harass"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-r",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ís",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱe",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æs",
"Rhymes:English/æs/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəs",
"Rhymes:English/æɹəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱe"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱe",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ís"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ís",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-r"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex"
},
"expansion": "Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harasser",
"t": "to exhaust, tire out, wear out"
},
"expansion": "French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "harer",
"t": "to set a dog on"
},
"expansion": "Old French harer (“to set a dog on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hara",
"t": "here, hither"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hara (“here, hither”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hē₂r",
"t": "here, in this place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱe",
"t": "here; this"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle French, Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”) (modern French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)), possibly from Old French harer (“to set a dog on”), from Frankish *hara (“here, hither”) (a command for a dog to attack), from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”) + *ís (“the (person or thing just named)”) + *-r.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "harasses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "harass (plural harasses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ha‧rass"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 22, lines 257–258:",
"text": "Mean while the men of Judah to prevent / The harraſs of thir Land, beſet me round; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XXXIV. Mr. Lovelace, to John Belford, Esq”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume IV, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 199:",
"text": "Now, Belford, if ſhe be not much concerned at the broken veſſel, which, in one ſo fiery in his temper as I have the reputation to be thought, may be very dangerous; a malady that I ſhall calmly attribute to the haraſſes and doubts, that I have laboured under for ſome time paſt; which will be a further proof of my love, and will demand a grateful return—",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1814, [Lord Byron], “[Lara, a Tale.] Canto II.”, in Lara, a Tale. Jacqueline, a Tale, London: […] [F]or J[ohn] Murray, […], [b]y T[homas] Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza XI, page 71, lines 939–942:",
"text": "The wary foe alone hath turn'd their mood, / And shown their rashness to that erring brood: / The feign'd retreat, the nightly ambuscade, / The daily harass, and the fight delay'd, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harassment; pestering."
],
"links": [
[
"Harassment",
"harassment"
],
[
"pestering",
"pestering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Harassment; pestering."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-harass.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-harass.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "hərăsʹ",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "hăʹrəs",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həˈɹæs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhæɹəs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æɹəs"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æs"
}
],
"word": "harass"
}
Download raw JSONL data for harass meaning in All languages combined (32.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.