See fust on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fust meaning in All languages combined (33.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "fusted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fustily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fustiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fusty"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fust",
"4": "",
"5": "wood; bole, tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fût"
},
"expansion": "French fût",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūstis",
"4": "",
"5": "knobbed stick, cudgel, club"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰen-",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike; to kill, slay"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”) (modern French fût), from Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”) or *gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fust (plural fusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fuster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fustigate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fustigation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 29 8 22 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 32 6 17 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 22 11 17 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Iain Sinclair, “ocean estate [from The Ebbing of Kraft]”, in Richard Caddel, Peter Quartermain, editors, Other: British and Irish Poetry since 1970, Hanover, N.H.: Wesleyan University Press, page 246",
"text": "the fust of old books & older cheese / nobody loves gossip like these salaried dudes",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Philip Gooden, “Incognito”, in Alms for Oblivion, London: Constable",
"text": "Despite having been awake now for more than twenty-four hours – and the comforts of gaol had not been so great that I'd slept quietly there, to say nothing of my troubling dreams – I was curiously refreshed. The brisk air blew away the fogs and fusts of London.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Tanith Lee, “Their Monstrous Minds”, in Ellen Datlow, Terri Windling, editors, Queen Victoria’s Book of Spells: An Anthology of Gaslamp Fantasy, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books",
"text": "One or two wondered then, as if suddenly recalling the outlander, how he would manage, or if he would perish, up there among his unholy modern machineries that puffed out frozen steam to store the deer meat and shot fowl for him, […] \"And there were big boxes lugged up there, done up in iron clasps. Cruel-cold earth in those.\" […] \"Like corpse boxes,\" someone else suggested, down in the half-light, snug fust of the village drinking shop.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strong musty smell; mustiness."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-noun-v0eCNvyz",
"links": [
[
"musty",
"musty"
],
[
"smell",
"smell#Noun"
],
[
"mustiness",
"mustiness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "en:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 22 11 17 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, “Tuscany”, in Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue. By Authority of the Royal Commission. In Three Volumes, volume III (Foreign States), London: Spicer Brothers, wholesale stationers; W[illiam] Clowes and Sons, printers; contractors to the Royal Commission, 29 New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, and at the Exhibition building, →OCLC, item 109, page 1298, column 2",
"text": "Cherici, Giuseppe, & Sons, Volterra. A large alabaster vase, after the Etrurian style; executed in the exhibitors' manufactory in Volterra, […] The vase is placed on the fust of a column of the Tuscan order.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1871, George Berkeley, Alexander Campbell Fraser, “Journal of a Tour in Italy in 1717, 1718”, in Life and Letters of George Berkeley, D.D. formerly Bishop of Cloyne; and an Account of His Philosophy. With Many Writings of Bishop Berkeley hitherto Unpublished: Metaphysical, Descriptive, Theological by Alexander Campbell Fraser, M.A. Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh (The Works of George Berkeley, D.D.; IV), volume IV, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 550",
"text": "Façade of the Benedictines' convent and church wonderfully crowded with ornaments, as likewise the altars generally adorned with twisted pillars flourished all over, and loaden with little puttini, birds, and the like in clusters on the chapiters and between the wreaths along the fusts of the columns.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The shaft (main body) of a column."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-noun-otD6t51n",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"column",
"column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) The shaft (main body) of a column."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʌst/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hurricane Katrina"
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fust",
"4": "",
"5": "wood; bole, tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fût"
},
"expansion": "French fût",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūstis",
"4": "",
"5": "knobbed stick, cudgel, club"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰen-",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike; to kill, slay"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”) (modern French fût), from Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”) or *gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fust (third-person singular simple present fusts, present participle fusting, simple past and past participle fusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 22 11 17 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke. By William Shakespeare. Newly Imprinted and Enlarged to Almost as Much Againe as it Was, According to the True and Perfect Coppie (the Second Quarto), London: Printed by I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] and are to be sold at his shoppe under Saint Dunstons Church in Fleetstreet, published 1604, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]",
"text": "Sure he that made vs with ſuch large diſcourse / Looking before and after, gaue vs not / That capabilitie and god-like reaſon / To fvſt in vs vnvſed, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852, Jean Palsgrave, Giles du Guez, L’Éclaircissement de la langue Française par Jean Palsgrave, suivi de la grammaire de Giles du Guez. Publiés pour la premiére fois en France par F[rançois] Génin [The Enlightenment of the French Language by Jean Palsgrave, followed by the grammar of Giles du Guez. Published for the first time in France by F[rançois] Génin.] (Collection de documents inédits sur l'histoire de France, Deuxième série (Histoire des lettres et des sciences) [Collection of Unpublished Documents on the History of France, Second Series (History of Humanities and Sciences)]; 75), Paris: Imprimerie nationale, →OCLC, page 641, column 2",
"text": "I mowlde, or fust, as corne dothe. Je moisis, sec. conj.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1875, David Picken, “A Lay Sermon. Written during One of the Formerly Periodic Stagnations of the Weaving Trade.”, in Poems and Songs. … With a Memoir of the Author, and Notes, Paisley, Renfrewshire: J. & J. Cook, 3 Moss Street, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 33",
"text": "I marvel that the clergy don't propose / A day of fasting and humiliation, / As they did when potatoe crops were fusted;— / We're now much worse, when porridge-pots are rusted.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Zelda Fichandler, “Theatres or Institutions?”, in International Theatre Institute of the United States, editor, Theatre 3: The American Theatre 1969–1970, volume 3, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, →OCLC; reprinted in “Theaters or Institutions?”, in Todd London, editor, An Ideal Theater: Founding Visions for a New American Art, New York, N.Y.: Theatre Communications Group, 2013, page 303",
"text": "Separately and then together, we forged these theaters, these instrumentalities, these constellations of activities, these collective outposts, these—God forgive me!—institutions in order to preserve and re-create, in new forms, the art of theater then fusting in us unused.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Elizabeth Imlay, “Charlotte the Initiate”, in Charlotte Brontë and the Mysteries of Love: Myth and Allegory in Jane Eyre, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, Simon & Schuster; new edition, Speldhurst, Kent: Imlay Publications, 1993, page 165",
"text": "Later, her [Charlotte Brontë's] simmering resenment at being treated as a drudge in one situation after another while her genius fusted in her unused caused the occasional surprising outburst in her habitual collected behaviour, enabling her to stand her ground against employers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn mouldy, to decay."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-verb-5FAPVC9o",
"links": [
[
"mouldy",
"mouldy"
],
[
"decay",
"decay#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To turn mouldy, to decay."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 22 11 17 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1797?], “Secrets Relative to Wine”, in Valuable Secrets in Arts and Trades: Or, Approved Directions from the Best Artists. … Containing Upwards of One Thousand Approved Receipts Relative to Arts and Trades, London: Printed for J. Barker, Russell-Court, Drury-Lane; J. Cattermoul, no. 376, Oxford-Street, and J. Parsons, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, page 226",
"text": "VI. To prevent wine from fuſting, otherwiſe taſting of the caſk, and to give it both a taſte and flavour quite agreeable. Stick a lemon with cloves as thick as it can hold; hang it by the bung hole in a bag over the wine in the caſk for three or four days, and ſtop it very carefully for fear of its turning dead, if it ſhould get air.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of wine: to acquire an undesirable musty or woody taste from the cask in which it is stored."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-verb-EKDiWhvv",
"links": [
[
"wine",
"wine#Noun"
],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"undesirable",
"undesirable"
],
[
"musty",
"musty"
],
[
"woody",
"woody"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#Noun"
],
[
"cask",
"cask"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of wine: to acquire an undesirable musty or woody taste from the cask in which it is stored."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʌst/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hurricane Katrina"
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pt",
"3": "fusta",
"4": "",
"5": "fust"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fusta (“fust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fusta",
"4": "",
"5": "beam (of wood)"
},
"expansion": "Latin fusta (“beam (of wood)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūstis",
"3": "",
"4": "knobbed stick, cudgel, club"
},
"expansion": "fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fuste"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fuste",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Portuguese fusta (“fust”), from Latin fusta (“beam (of wood)”), from fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”); compare Middle French fuste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fust (plural fusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 22 11 17 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1589–1600, Richard Hakluyt, “How Part of the Navie and Armie of the Great Turke Came before the Citie of Rhodes”, in The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation (Hakluyt Society; Works, Extra Series), volume V, Glasgow: MacLehose, published 1904, →OCLC; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014, page 16",
"text": "The great hoste abode still till noone or one of the clocke, and then arose, not all, but about 80 or 100 ships, as gallies, galliasses, and fusts: and passed one after another before the towne and haven of Rhodes three miles off, and came to shore in a place nigh to land, called Perambolin, sixe miles from the towne.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1745, “[A Brief Description of a Voyage Performed by Certain Hollanders to and from the East-Indies, with Their Adventures and Success.] The Manner, Custom, Householding, Child-bearing, Sporting and Cleanliness of the Women in Bantam”, in A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Consisting of Authentic Writers in Our Own Tongue, which have Not before Been Collected in English, or have Only been Abridged in Other Collections. …, volume II, London: Printed for and sold by Thomas Osborne of Gray's-Inn, →OCLC, page 414, column 1",
"text": "The reſt of our ſhips hearing us ſhoot in that manner, entered into their boats, and made towards them, rowing hard to the thre Indian fuſts, wherein were at the leaſt 100 men, and ſhot amongſt them with their pieces, […] and we handled them in ſuch ſort, that of 200 men there got not above thirty of them to land; the reſt of their fuſts lay far off and beheld the fight.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1827, Gilbert de Lannoy [i.e., Guillebert de Lannoy], “The Report Made by Sir Gilbert de Lannoy, upon Surveys of Several Cities, Ports, and Rivers, Taken by Him in Egypt and Syria, in the Year of Grace of Our Lord One Thousand Four Hundred and Twenty-two. By Order of the Most High, Most Puissant, and Most Excellent Prince, King Henry of England, Heir and Regent of France; whom God Pardon”, in Archaeologia; or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity. Published by the Society of Antiquaries of London, volume XXI, London: Printed by J[ohn] B[owyer] Nichols, 25, Parliament Street; sold at the Society [of Antiquaries of London]'s apartments in in Somerset-Place; and by Messrs. Nornaville and Fell, Nicol, Sotheby, Wilson, Cadell, Egerton, and Taylor, →OCLC, pages 427–428",
"text": "Sur stands on the coast of Syria, on the sea, twenty-five miles from Acre both by sea and land. Four or five large and long rocks lie in the sea before the city, some of them appearing a little above the water, the rest concealed below it. These rocks form the port of Sur, which admits ships of sixty or eighty tons, but none of a larger size; and all flat-bottomed fusts.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Ghulam A. Nadri, “The Indigo Trade: Local and Global Demand”, in The Political Economy of Indigo in India, 1580–1930: A Global Perspective (European Expansion and Indigenous Response; 22), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISSN, page 99",
"text": "During the first three decades of the seventeenth century, Portuguese trade from Goa to Portugal and to Gurajat rapidly declined. Pieter van den Broecke, a VOC [Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie – Dutch East India Company] official in Gujarat, reported that whereas there used to come every year from 200 to 300 Portuguese fusts (or fustas, small galleys) to Cambay and Surat, only from 50 to 60 came in 1621, and the goods they carried were also of small value. [Francisco] Pelsaert, too, lamented the declining trade of Cambay by saying that in 1626 only forty merchant fusts arrived with goods of little value and that this was the cause of the decline of Cambay and indeed of all Gujarat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of small galley."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-noun-1IiPo7gF",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"galley",
"galley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A type of small galley."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"sense": "type of small galley",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of small galley",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fusta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of small galley",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fusta"
}
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fust (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "first"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Thomas Hood, “The Corresponding Club”, in The Comic Annual, London: A. H. Baily and Co., Cornhill, →OCLC, page 21",
"text": "I allude to charcolling. Theirs Miss Creasy the dress maker after having the fashuns reglarly from Parris for some months was indust in a luv tif to shut her self up solus with the prevaling mode, but luckly the charcole went out fust.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1853 July, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume VII, number XXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, →OCLC, pages 294–295",
"text": "I was standing, one glorious Autumn morning, looking now up to where the crown of the Fall [Horseshoe Falls of the Niagara Falls], illuminated by the early sun, shone like opal, […] I was suddenly roused from a reverie by a sharp voice: \"It's a-bilin' and a-sizzling down there fust-rate!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard form of first."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-adj-s43L76qj",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fust (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "first"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1876, Evening Hours, page 629",
"text": "She'd drink the gin fust and give him her ten commandments artervards, when she'd aggerawated him to try it on.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard form of first."
],
"id": "en-fust-en-adv-s43L76qj",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūstis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūstis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin fūstis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fustos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fust m (plural fusts or fustos)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fusta"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beam"
],
"id": "en-fust-ca-noun-rkuGfPLu",
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "biga"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple plurals",
"Nouns by inflection type",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Architectural elements",
"orig": "ca:Architectural elements",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "ca:Construction",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shaft"
],
"id": "en-fust-ca-noun-prGICDfV",
"links": [
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tronc"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfust]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fuste",
"t": "type of wine barrel"
},
"expansion": "fuste (“type of wine barrel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "fuust",
"t": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch fuust (“barrel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fust",
"t": "wine barrel, piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Old French fust (“wine barrel, piece of wood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "fusta",
"4": "fusta, fustum",
"5": "block of wood, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Latin fusta, fustum (“block of wood, barrel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fustis",
"t": "cludgel"
},
"expansion": "fustis (“cludgel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fust"
},
"expansion": "English fust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier fuste (“type of wine barrel”), from Middle Dutch fuust (“barrel”), borrowed from Old French fust (“wine barrel, piece of wood”), from Latin fusta, fustum (“block of wood, barrel”), from earlier fustis (“cludgel”). Cognate with English fust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fustje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "fustje"
},
"expansion": "fust n (plural fusten, diminutive fustje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Containers",
"orig": "nl:Containers",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cask (e.g. containing beer)"
],
"id": "en-fust-nl-noun-sSENgk2J",
"links": [
[
"cask",
"cask"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ʏst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-fust.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Nl-fust.ogg/Nl-fust.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Nl-fust.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "estre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of estre"
],
"id": "en-fust-frm-verb-Dcyt0TDi",
"links": [
[
"estre",
"estre#Middle French"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fut"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"neuter of fus"
],
"id": "en-fust-nb-adj-bT5TsxvT",
"links": [
[
"fus",
"fus#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"neuter of fus"
],
"id": "en-fust-nn-adj-bT5TsxvT",
"links": [
[
"fus",
"fus#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fut"
},
"expansion": "French: fut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fut"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estre"
},
"expansion": "estre",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "see estre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 52 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "estre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of estre"
],
"id": "en-fust-fro-verb-Dcyt0TDi",
"links": [
[
"estre",
"estre#Old French"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fu"
},
{
"word": "fut"
},
{
"english": "early Old French",
"word": "fud"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "fustis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fustis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin fustis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fust oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fuz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "futz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fuz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "futz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fust",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fust oblique singular, m (oblique plural fuz or futz, nominative singular fuz or futz, nominative plural fust)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wood (material from a plant)"
],
"id": "en-fust-fro-noun-ZXPeyRjl",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wooden beam or plank"
],
"id": "en-fust-fro-noun-VKW0DxYr",
"links": [
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"plank",
"plank"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 52 0 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like bark without a tree trunk",
"ref": "c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès",
"text": "Ausi come escorce sanz fust",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bole (part of a tree trunk)"
],
"id": "en-fust-fro-noun-a1P4D00G",
"links": [
[
"bole",
"bole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Shields and helmets and armor.\nCouldn't protect neither clubs nor swords",
"ref": "c. 1181, Chrétien de Troyes, Roman de la Charrette",
"roman": "Nes garantist ne fuz ne fers",
"text": "Escuz et hiaumes et haubers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"club (weapon)"
],
"id": "en-fust-fro-noun-xoo6u3SD",
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "fūst",
"3": "vūst",
"4": "voust"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Fuuscht",
"3": "Pfuuscht"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Fuuscht, Pfuuscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Fuuscht, Pfuuscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Faust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "vòista",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: vòista, bòista",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: vòista, bòista"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Fuus",
"3": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: Fuus, Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: Fuus, Faust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Faust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Fauscht"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Fauscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Fauscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "German: Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Faust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿויסט"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: פֿויסט (foyst)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: פֿויסט (foyst)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūsti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūst",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-i-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fūst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūstim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "fūst",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fūst f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "fūst"
},
"expansion": "fūst f",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūst"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-i-f"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "goh",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "goh:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-fust-goh-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan nouns with multiple plurals",
"Catalan nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ca:Architectural elements",
"ca:Construction"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūstis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūstis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin fūstis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fustos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fust m (plural fusts or fustos)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fusta"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beam"
],
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "biga"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shaft"
],
"links": [
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tronc"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfust]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fuste",
"t": "type of wine barrel"
},
"expansion": "fuste (“type of wine barrel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "fuust",
"t": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch fuust (“barrel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fust",
"t": "wine barrel, piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Old French fust (“wine barrel, piece of wood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "fusta",
"4": "fusta, fustum",
"5": "block of wood, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Latin fusta, fustum (“block of wood, barrel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fustis",
"t": "cludgel"
},
"expansion": "fustis (“cludgel”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fust"
},
"expansion": "English fust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier fuste (“type of wine barrel”), from Middle Dutch fuust (“barrel”), borrowed from Old French fust (“wine barrel, piece of wood”), from Latin fusta, fustum (“block of wood, barrel”), from earlier fustis (“cludgel”). Cognate with English fust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fustje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "fustje"
},
"expansion": "fust n (plural fusten, diminutive fustje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏst/1 syllable",
"nl:Containers"
],
"glosses": [
"cask (e.g. containing beer)"
],
"links": [
[
"cask",
"cask"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ʏst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-fust.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Nl-fust.ogg/Nl-fust.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Nl-fust.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "fusted"
},
{
"word": "fustily"
},
{
"word": "fustiness"
},
{
"word": "fusty"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fust",
"4": "",
"5": "wood; bole, tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fût"
},
"expansion": "French fût",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūstis",
"4": "",
"5": "knobbed stick, cudgel, club"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰen-",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike; to kill, slay"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”) (modern French fût), from Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”) or *gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fust (plural fusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fuster"
},
{
"word": "fustigate"
},
{
"word": "fustigation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Iain Sinclair, “ocean estate [from The Ebbing of Kraft]”, in Richard Caddel, Peter Quartermain, editors, Other: British and Irish Poetry since 1970, Hanover, N.H.: Wesleyan University Press, page 246",
"text": "the fust of old books & older cheese / nobody loves gossip like these salaried dudes",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Philip Gooden, “Incognito”, in Alms for Oblivion, London: Constable",
"text": "Despite having been awake now for more than twenty-four hours – and the comforts of gaol had not been so great that I'd slept quietly there, to say nothing of my troubling dreams – I was curiously refreshed. The brisk air blew away the fogs and fusts of London.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Tanith Lee, “Their Monstrous Minds”, in Ellen Datlow, Terri Windling, editors, Queen Victoria’s Book of Spells: An Anthology of Gaslamp Fantasy, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books",
"text": "One or two wondered then, as if suddenly recalling the outlander, how he would manage, or if he would perish, up there among his unholy modern machineries that puffed out frozen steam to store the deer meat and shot fowl for him, […] \"And there were big boxes lugged up there, done up in iron clasps. Cruel-cold earth in those.\" […] \"Like corpse boxes,\" someone else suggested, down in the half-light, snug fust of the village drinking shop.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strong musty smell; mustiness."
],
"links": [
[
"musty",
"musty"
],
[
"smell",
"smell#Noun"
],
[
"mustiness",
"mustiness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Architecture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, “Tuscany”, in Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851: Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue. By Authority of the Royal Commission. In Three Volumes, volume III (Foreign States), London: Spicer Brothers, wholesale stationers; W[illiam] Clowes and Sons, printers; contractors to the Royal Commission, 29 New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, and at the Exhibition building, →OCLC, item 109, page 1298, column 2",
"text": "Cherici, Giuseppe, & Sons, Volterra. A large alabaster vase, after the Etrurian style; executed in the exhibitors' manufactory in Volterra, […] The vase is placed on the fust of a column of the Tuscan order.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1871, George Berkeley, Alexander Campbell Fraser, “Journal of a Tour in Italy in 1717, 1718”, in Life and Letters of George Berkeley, D.D. formerly Bishop of Cloyne; and an Account of His Philosophy. With Many Writings of Bishop Berkeley hitherto Unpublished: Metaphysical, Descriptive, Theological by Alexander Campbell Fraser, M.A. Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh (The Works of George Berkeley, D.D.; IV), volume IV, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 550",
"text": "Façade of the Benedictines' convent and church wonderfully crowded with ornaments, as likewise the altars generally adorned with twisted pillars flourished all over, and loaden with little puttini, birds, and the like in clusters on the chapiters and between the wreaths along the fusts of the columns.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The shaft (main body) of a column."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"column",
"column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) The shaft (main body) of a column."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʌst/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hurricane Katrina"
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fust",
"4": "",
"5": "wood; bole, tree trunk"
},
"expansion": "Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fût"
},
"expansion": "French fût",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūstis",
"4": "",
"5": "knobbed stick, cudgel, club"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰen-",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike; to kill, slay"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”) (modern French fût), from Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”) or *gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fust (third-person singular simple present fusts, present participle fusting, simple past and past participle fusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke. By William Shakespeare. Newly Imprinted and Enlarged to Almost as Much Againe as it Was, According to the True and Perfect Coppie (the Second Quarto), London: Printed by I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] and are to be sold at his shoppe under Saint Dunstons Church in Fleetstreet, published 1604, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]",
"text": "Sure he that made vs with ſuch large diſcourse / Looking before and after, gaue vs not / That capabilitie and god-like reaſon / To fvſt in vs vnvſed, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852, Jean Palsgrave, Giles du Guez, L’Éclaircissement de la langue Française par Jean Palsgrave, suivi de la grammaire de Giles du Guez. Publiés pour la premiére fois en France par F[rançois] Génin [The Enlightenment of the French Language by Jean Palsgrave, followed by the grammar of Giles du Guez. Published for the first time in France by F[rançois] Génin.] (Collection de documents inédits sur l'histoire de France, Deuxième série (Histoire des lettres et des sciences) [Collection of Unpublished Documents on the History of France, Second Series (History of Humanities and Sciences)]; 75), Paris: Imprimerie nationale, →OCLC, page 641, column 2",
"text": "I mowlde, or fust, as corne dothe. Je moisis, sec. conj.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1875, David Picken, “A Lay Sermon. Written during One of the Formerly Periodic Stagnations of the Weaving Trade.”, in Poems and Songs. … With a Memoir of the Author, and Notes, Paisley, Renfrewshire: J. & J. Cook, 3 Moss Street, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 33",
"text": "I marvel that the clergy don't propose / A day of fasting and humiliation, / As they did when potatoe crops were fusted;— / We're now much worse, when porridge-pots are rusted.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Zelda Fichandler, “Theatres or Institutions?”, in International Theatre Institute of the United States, editor, Theatre 3: The American Theatre 1969–1970, volume 3, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, →OCLC; reprinted in “Theaters or Institutions?”, in Todd London, editor, An Ideal Theater: Founding Visions for a New American Art, New York, N.Y.: Theatre Communications Group, 2013, page 303",
"text": "Separately and then together, we forged these theaters, these instrumentalities, these constellations of activities, these collective outposts, these—God forgive me!—institutions in order to preserve and re-create, in new forms, the art of theater then fusting in us unused.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Elizabeth Imlay, “Charlotte the Initiate”, in Charlotte Brontë and the Mysteries of Love: Myth and Allegory in Jane Eyre, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, Simon & Schuster; new edition, Speldhurst, Kent: Imlay Publications, 1993, page 165",
"text": "Later, her [Charlotte Brontë's] simmering resenment at being treated as a drudge in one situation after another while her genius fusted in her unused caused the occasional surprising outburst in her habitual collected behaviour, enabling her to stand her ground against employers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn mouldy, to decay."
],
"links": [
[
"mouldy",
"mouldy"
],
[
"decay",
"decay#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To turn mouldy, to decay."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1797?], “Secrets Relative to Wine”, in Valuable Secrets in Arts and Trades: Or, Approved Directions from the Best Artists. … Containing Upwards of One Thousand Approved Receipts Relative to Arts and Trades, London: Printed for J. Barker, Russell-Court, Drury-Lane; J. Cattermoul, no. 376, Oxford-Street, and J. Parsons, Paternoster-Row, →OCLC, page 226",
"text": "VI. To prevent wine from fuſting, otherwiſe taſting of the caſk, and to give it both a taſte and flavour quite agreeable. Stick a lemon with cloves as thick as it can hold; hang it by the bung hole in a bag over the wine in the caſk for three or four days, and ſtop it very carefully for fear of its turning dead, if it ſhould get air.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of wine: to acquire an undesirable musty or woody taste from the cask in which it is stored."
],
"links": [
[
"wine",
"wine#Noun"
],
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"undesirable",
"undesirable"
],
[
"musty",
"musty"
],
[
"woody",
"woody"
],
[
"taste",
"taste#Noun"
],
[
"cask",
"cask"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of wine: to acquire an undesirable musty or woody taste from the cask in which it is stored."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʌst/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hurricane Katrina"
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Portuguese",
"English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pt",
"3": "fusta",
"4": "",
"5": "fust"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fusta (“fust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fusta",
"4": "",
"5": "beam (of wood)"
},
"expansion": "Latin fusta (“beam (of wood)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūstis",
"3": "",
"4": "knobbed stick, cudgel, club"
},
"expansion": "fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fuste"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fuste",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Portuguese fusta (“fust”), from Latin fusta (“beam (of wood)”), from fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”); compare Middle French fuste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fust (plural fusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Watercraft"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1589–1600, Richard Hakluyt, “How Part of the Navie and Armie of the Great Turke Came before the Citie of Rhodes”, in The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation (Hakluyt Society; Works, Extra Series), volume V, Glasgow: MacLehose, published 1904, →OCLC; reprinted Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014, page 16",
"text": "The great hoste abode still till noone or one of the clocke, and then arose, not all, but about 80 or 100 ships, as gallies, galliasses, and fusts: and passed one after another before the towne and haven of Rhodes three miles off, and came to shore in a place nigh to land, called Perambolin, sixe miles from the towne.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1745, “[A Brief Description of a Voyage Performed by Certain Hollanders to and from the East-Indies, with Their Adventures and Success.] The Manner, Custom, Householding, Child-bearing, Sporting and Cleanliness of the Women in Bantam”, in A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Consisting of Authentic Writers in Our Own Tongue, which have Not before Been Collected in English, or have Only been Abridged in Other Collections. …, volume II, London: Printed for and sold by Thomas Osborne of Gray's-Inn, →OCLC, page 414, column 1",
"text": "The reſt of our ſhips hearing us ſhoot in that manner, entered into their boats, and made towards them, rowing hard to the thre Indian fuſts, wherein were at the leaſt 100 men, and ſhot amongſt them with their pieces, […] and we handled them in ſuch ſort, that of 200 men there got not above thirty of them to land; the reſt of their fuſts lay far off and beheld the fight.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1827, Gilbert de Lannoy [i.e., Guillebert de Lannoy], “The Report Made by Sir Gilbert de Lannoy, upon Surveys of Several Cities, Ports, and Rivers, Taken by Him in Egypt and Syria, in the Year of Grace of Our Lord One Thousand Four Hundred and Twenty-two. By Order of the Most High, Most Puissant, and Most Excellent Prince, King Henry of England, Heir and Regent of France; whom God Pardon”, in Archaeologia; or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity. Published by the Society of Antiquaries of London, volume XXI, London: Printed by J[ohn] B[owyer] Nichols, 25, Parliament Street; sold at the Society [of Antiquaries of London]'s apartments in in Somerset-Place; and by Messrs. Nornaville and Fell, Nicol, Sotheby, Wilson, Cadell, Egerton, and Taylor, →OCLC, pages 427–428",
"text": "Sur stands on the coast of Syria, on the sea, twenty-five miles from Acre both by sea and land. Four or five large and long rocks lie in the sea before the city, some of them appearing a little above the water, the rest concealed below it. These rocks form the port of Sur, which admits ships of sixty or eighty tons, but none of a larger size; and all flat-bottomed fusts.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Ghulam A. Nadri, “The Indigo Trade: Local and Global Demand”, in The Political Economy of Indigo in India, 1580–1930: A Global Perspective (European Expansion and Indigenous Response; 22), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISSN, page 99",
"text": "During the first three decades of the seventeenth century, Portuguese trade from Goa to Portugal and to Gurajat rapidly declined. Pieter van den Broecke, a VOC [Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie – Dutch East India Company] official in Gujarat, reported that whereas there used to come every year from 200 to 300 Portuguese fusts (or fustas, small galleys) to Cambay and Surat, only from 50 to 60 came in 1621, and the goods they carried were also of small value. [Francisco] Pelsaert, too, lamented the declining trade of Cambay by saying that in 1626 only forty merchant fusts arrived with goods of little value and that this was the cause of the decline of Cambay and indeed of all Gujarat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of small galley."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"galley",
"galley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, historical) A type of small galley."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"sense": "type of small galley",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of small galley",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fusta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of small galley",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fusta"
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fust (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "first"
}
],
"categories": [
"English nonstandard forms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Thomas Hood, “The Corresponding Club”, in The Comic Annual, London: A. H. Baily and Co., Cornhill, →OCLC, page 21",
"text": "I allude to charcolling. Theirs Miss Creasy the dress maker after having the fashuns reglarly from Parris for some months was indust in a luv tif to shut her self up solus with the prevaling mode, but luckly the charcole went out fust.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1853 July, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume VII, number XXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, 329 & 331 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, →OCLC, pages 294–295",
"text": "I was standing, one glorious Autumn morning, looking now up to where the crown of the Fall [Horseshoe Falls of the Niagara Falls], illuminated by the early sun, shone like opal, […] I was suddenly roused from a reverie by a sharp voice: \"It's a-bilin' and a-sizzling down there fust-rate!\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard form of first."
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fust (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "first"
}
],
"categories": [
"English nonstandard forms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1876, Evening Hours, page 629",
"text": "She'd drink the gin fust and give him her ten commandments artervards, when she'd aggerawated him to try it on.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard form of first."
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French non-lemma forms",
"Middle French verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "estre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of estre"
],
"links": [
[
"estre",
"estre#Middle French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fut"
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål adjective forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"neuter of fus"
],
"links": [
[
"fus",
"fus#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk adjective forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"neuter of fus"
],
"links": [
[
"fus",
"fus#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French non-lemma forms",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French verb forms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fut"
},
"expansion": "French: fut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fut"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estre"
},
"expansion": "estre",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "see estre.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fust",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "estre"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of estre"
],
"links": [
[
"estre",
"estre#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fu"
},
{
"word": "fut"
},
{
"english": "early Old French",
"word": "fud"
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "fustis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fustis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin fustis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fust oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fuz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "futz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fuz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "futz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fust",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fust oblique singular, m (oblique plural fuz or futz, nominative singular fuz or futz, nominative plural fust)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wood (material from a plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wooden beam or plank"
],
"links": [
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"plank",
"plank"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like bark without a tree trunk",
"ref": "c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès",
"text": "Ausi come escorce sanz fust",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bole (part of a tree trunk)"
],
"links": [
[
"bole",
"bole"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Shields and helmets and armor.\nCouldn't protect neither clubs nor swords",
"ref": "c. 1181, Chrétien de Troyes, Roman de la Charrette",
"roman": "Nes garantist ne fuz ne fers",
"text": "Escuz et hiaumes et haubers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"club (weapon)"
],
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "fūst",
"3": "vūst",
"4": "voust"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: fūst, vūst, voust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Fuuscht",
"3": "Pfuuscht"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Fuuscht, Pfuuscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Fuuscht, Pfuuscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: Faust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "vòista",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: vòista, bòista",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: vòista, bòista"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Fuus",
"3": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: Fuus, Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: Fuus, Faust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Faust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Fauscht"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Fauscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Fauscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "German: Faust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Faust"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿויסט"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: פֿויסט (foyst)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: פֿויסט (foyst)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūsti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūst",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-i-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fūst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūstim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūsten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "fūst",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fūst f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "fūst"
},
"expansion": "fūst f",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūst"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-i-f"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Old High German feminine nouns",
"Old High German i-stem nouns",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"goh:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fust"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.