See cataract on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aftercataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "anticataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataract bog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataracted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractogenesis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractogenic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractogenous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cataractous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nuclear cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "postcataract"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "kōtrāāk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta",
"4": "",
"5": "waterfall, portcullis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cataract, cateract, cateracte, cataracta, from Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”), from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “I pour down”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ἀράσσω (arássō, “to strike, dash”). Its pathological sense probably came from its alternative sense in Latin, “portcullis”, through French through the notion of “obstruction”, in this case, of vision.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cataracts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A waterspout."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-Z0-p2JXl",
"links": [
[
"waterspout",
"waterspout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A waterspout."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 33 9 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with cata-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 60 5 14 15",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
"_dis": "6 15 1 37 1 4 9 15 12",
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"_dis": "17 45 6 19 13",
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"_dis": "3 76 3 8 9",
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"_dis": "5 66 5 12 13",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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"_dis": "4 63 4 10 17",
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"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
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"_dis": "5 68 5 11 11",
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"_dis": "4 69 4 11 12",
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{
"_dis": "4 63 4 13 15",
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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"_dis": "4 73 4 9 10",
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"_dis": "5 67 5 12 12",
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"_dis": "4 73 4 9 10",
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"_dis": "9 51 3 12 25",
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"_dis": "5 68 5 11 11",
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"_dis": "4 73 4 9 10",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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{
"_dis": "5 67 5 12 12",
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{
"_dis": "4 63 4 10 18",
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"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
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"_dis": "5 68 5 11 11",
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"name": "Terms with Shan translations",
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"_dis": "3 72 3 9 13",
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"_dis": "5 69 5 10 11",
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"_dis": "4 72 4 11 11",
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"_dis": "5 68 5 11 11",
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{
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"_dis": "4 72 4 11 11",
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"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 58 13 21 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Waterfalls",
"orig": "en:Waterfalls",
"parents": [
"Water",
"Liquids",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The cataracts on the Nile helped to compartment Upper Egypt.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large waterfall; steep rapids in a river."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-en:waterfall",
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:waterfall"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vodopád",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "водопа́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dà pùbù",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "大瀑布"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pùbù",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "瀑布"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stupňovaný vodopád"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "vandfald"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waterval"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fossur"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "vesiputous"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katarrháktēs",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "vízesés"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "zuhatag"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foss"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "cateratta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cascata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rapida"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"alt": "ばくふ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bakufu",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "瀑布"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɨk tleak",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "ទឹកធ្លាក់"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "wairere"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "tāheke"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foss"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataractă"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vodopád",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "водопа́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vattenfall"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "malaking talon"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 9 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vodospád",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "водоспа́д"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A flood of water."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-3GFOBkFC",
"links": [
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His cataract of eloquence",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Revival.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 156:",
"text": "The palace bang’d, and buzz’d and clackt, / And all the long-pent stream of life / Dash’d downward in a cataract.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter I, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:",
"text": "Were Niagara but a cataract of sand, would you travel your thousand miles to see it?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 May 19, James Verini, “Surviving the Siege of Kharkiv”, in The New York Times Magazine:",
"text": "As if on cue came a cataract of explosions. She turned on her heel and scurried back to the courtyard and down into the school’s basement. The dirt floor, low ceiling and unfinished stone walls were barely illuminated by candles and a dim string of green decorative lights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An overwhelming downpour or rush."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-ptDHlRtD",
"links": [
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming#Adjective"
],
[
"downpour",
"downpour#Noun"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An overwhelming downpour or rush."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proliven dǎžd",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проливен дъжд"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potop",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "потоп"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "flood",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngliú",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"word": "洪流"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"word": "stortvloed"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"alt": "げきりゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gekiryū",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"word": "激流"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lívenʹ",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ли́вень"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "ru",
"english": "torrential rain",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prolivnój doždʹ",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проливно́й дождь"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 17 17 50 4",
"code": "ru",
"english": "flood",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potóp",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пото́п"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "en:Pathology",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Medicine",
"Health",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Body",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 23 2 4 70",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "en:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, J. J. Gallo, J. Busby-Whitehead, W. Reichel, P. V. Rabins, R. A. Silliman, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly, page 563:",
"text": "Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022, “Rotoscope”, performed by Spiritbox:",
"text": "Shallow, this is what I created\nSplayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement\nAnd now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes?\nIn-between every cataract, a projection of my life",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"id": "en-cataract-en-noun-v9E~u7A7",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"clouding",
"clouding#Noun"
],
[
"lens",
"lens#Noun"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"leading",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease#Noun"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "muting"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perdé",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "katarákt",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "катарáкт"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "báinèizhàng",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白內障 /白内障"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šedý zákal"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grijze staar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eygnastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "kaihi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "belida"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "gl",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pano"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grauer Star"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "glaúkōma",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γλαύκωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "hályog"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "szürke hályog"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ský á auga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "busa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fionn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataratta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ruhaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"alt": "はくないしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakunaishō",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白内障"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɨk tleak",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ទឹកធ្លាក់"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "perde",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "timiraṁ",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "തിമിരം"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "anázhiin yiibaʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âb-morvârid",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "آبمروارید"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bielmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blachmal"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neul-sùla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мрена"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mrena"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "tāu",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "တေႃႈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "mtoto wa jicho"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grå starr"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-jòk",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "กระจก"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-jòk",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ต้อกระจก"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "surme"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "akbasma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "aksu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cườm khô"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "niwlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 1 90",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "umthuqu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cataract.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iguaçu Falls",
"cataract#Etymology"
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "katarak"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: katarak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cataracte",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cataractje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ta‧ract"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Waterfalls",
"orig": "nl:Waterfalls",
"parents": [
"Water",
"Liquids",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cataract, waterfall"
],
"id": "en-cataract-nl-noun-72a8yQY~",
"links": [
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"sense": "waterfall",
"word": "waterval"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "nl:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"id": "en-cataract-nl-noun-fJmqsgWj",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) cataract"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkaː.taːˈrɑkt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-cataract.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg/Nl-cataract.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑkt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "cataract disease",
"word": "grauwe staar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "superseded",
"word": "katarakt"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cataract",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare",
"2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(rare, obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cateractes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cataract",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "cateractes"
},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cateractes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"id": "en-cataract-enm-noun-fJmqsgWj",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) cataract"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"id": "en-cataract-enm-noun-WreqhSiB",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərakt(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərak/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatəraktaː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cateract"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catheracte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catharacte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catharacta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catterak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catarac"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑkt",
"enm:Anatomy",
"nl:Landforms",
"nl:Waterfalls"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "katarak"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: katarak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cataracte"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cataracte",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cataracte, from Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cataractje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "cataract f (plural cataracten, diminutive cataractje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧ta‧ract"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cataract, waterfall"
],
"links": [
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
],
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Diseases"
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) cataract"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkaː.taːˈrɑkt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-cataract.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg/Nl-cataract.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Nl-cataract.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑkt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "waterfall",
"word": "waterval"
},
{
"sense": "cataract disease",
"word": "grauwe staar"
},
{
"english": "superseded",
"word": "katarakt"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with cata-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ilocano translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ivatan translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shan translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Eye",
"en:Waterfalls",
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aftercataract"
},
{
"word": "anticataract"
},
{
"word": "cataractal"
},
{
"word": "cataract bog"
},
{
"word": "cataracted"
},
{
"word": "cataractic"
},
{
"word": "cataractogenesis"
},
{
"word": "cataractogenic"
},
{
"word": "cataractogenous"
},
{
"word": "cataractous"
},
{
"word": "nuclear cataract"
},
{
"word": "postcataract"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "katarak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: katarak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: katarak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "kōtrāāk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cataract",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta",
"4": "",
"5": "waterfall, portcullis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cataract, cateract, cateracte, cataracta, from Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”), from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “I pour down”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ἀράσσω (arássō, “to strike, dash”). Its pathological sense probably came from its alternative sense in Latin, “portcullis”, through French through the notion of “obstruction”, in this case, of vision.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cataracts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cataracts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A waterspout."
],
"links": [
[
"waterspout",
"waterspout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A waterspout."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The cataracts on the Nile helped to compartment Upper Egypt.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large waterfall; steep rapids in a river."
],
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:waterfall"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A flood of water."
],
"links": [
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His cataract of eloquence",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Revival.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 156:",
"text": "The palace bang’d, and buzz’d and clackt, / And all the long-pent stream of life / Dash’d downward in a cataract.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter I, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:",
"text": "Were Niagara but a cataract of sand, would you travel your thousand miles to see it?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 May 19, James Verini, “Surviving the Siege of Kharkiv”, in The New York Times Magazine:",
"text": "As if on cue came a cataract of explosions. She turned on her heel and scurried back to the courtyard and down into the school’s basement. The dirt floor, low ceiling and unfinished stone walls were barely illuminated by candles and a dim string of green decorative lights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An overwhelming downpour or rush."
],
"links": [
[
"overwhelming",
"overwhelming#Adjective"
],
[
"downpour",
"downpour#Noun"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An overwhelming downpour or rush."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Pathology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, J. J. Gallo, J. Busby-Whitehead, W. Reichel, P. V. Rabins, R. A. Silliman, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly, page 563:",
"text": "Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022, “Rotoscope”, performed by Spiritbox:",
"text": "Shallow, this is what I created\nSplayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement\nAnd now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes?\nIn-between every cataract, a projection of my life",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"clouding",
"clouding#Noun"
],
[
"lens",
"lens#Noun"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"leading",
"lead#Verb"
],
[
"decrease",
"decrease#Noun"
],
[
"vision",
"vision"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cataract.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cataract.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vodopád",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "водопа́д"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dà pùbù",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "大瀑布"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pùbù",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "瀑布"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stupňovaný vodopád"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "vandfald"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waterval"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fossur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "vesiputous"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "katarrháktēs",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "vízesés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "zuhatag"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foss"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "cateratta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cascata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rapida"
},
{
"alt": "ばくふ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bakufu",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "瀑布"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɨk tleak",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "ទឹកធ្លាក់"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "wairere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "tāheke"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foss"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataractă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vodopád",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "водопа́д"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vattenfall"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"word": "malaking talon"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vodospád",
"sense": "waterfall — see also waterfall",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "водоспа́д"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proliven dǎžd",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проливен дъжд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potop",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "потоп"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "flood",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngliú",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"word": "洪流"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"word": "stortvloed"
},
{
"alt": "げきりゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gekiryū",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"word": "激流"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lívenʹ",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ли́вень"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "torrential rain",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prolivnój doždʹ",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "проливно́й дождь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "flood",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potóp",
"sense": "downpour, flood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пото́п"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "muting"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perdé",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "katarákt",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "катарáкт"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "báinèizhàng",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白內障 /白内障"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šedý zákal"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grijze staar"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eygnastar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "kaihi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "belida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katarakt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grauer Star"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katarráktis",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καταρράκτης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "glaúkōma",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γλαύκωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "hályog"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "szürke hályog"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ský á auga"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "busa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarak"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fionn"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cataratta"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ruhaw"
},
{
"alt": "はくないしょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakunaishō",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "白内障"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɨk tleak",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ទឹកធ្លាក់"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "perde",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перде"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "timiraṁ",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "തിമിരം"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cataract"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "anázhiin yiibaʼ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âb-morvârid",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "آبمروارید"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bielmo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "blachmal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neul-sùla"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мрена"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mrena"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "tāu",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "တေႃႈ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catarata"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "mtoto wa jicho"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "grå starr"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarata"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-jòk",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "กระจก"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grà-jòk",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "ต้อกระจก"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "surme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "akbasma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "aksu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "katarakt"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "katarákta",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "катара́кта"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"word": "cườm khô"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "niwlen"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "opacity of the lens in the eye",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "umthuqu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Iguaçu Falls",
"cataract#Etymology"
],
"word": "cataract"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: cataract\n→ Cebuano: katarak\n→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cataract"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cataract",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare",
"2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(rare, obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "cataracta"
},
"expansion": "Latin cataracta",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "καταρράκτης"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cateractes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cataract",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "cateractes"
},
"expansion": "cataract (plural cateractes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"enm:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"cataract"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"cataract",
"cataract#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) cataract"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity) A gate guarding the entrance to Heaven."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərakt(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatərak/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkatəraktaː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cateract"
},
{
"word": "cataracta"
},
{
"word": "cataracte"
},
{
"word": "catheracte"
},
{
"word": "catharacte"
},
{
"word": "catharacta"
},
{
"word": "catterak"
},
{
"word": "catarac"
}
],
"word": "cataract"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cataract meaning in All languages combined (24.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.