"bonfire" meaning in All languages combined

See bonfire on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈbɒnfaɪə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/ [General-American], /ˈbɔn-/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-bonfire.ogg [General-American] Forms: bonfires [plural]
Etymology: PIE word *péh₂wr̥ The noun is derived from Late Middle English bon-fir, bonefire, bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”) [and other forms], apparently from bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”) + fir (“fire”). Bon is derived from Old English bān (“bone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)), while fir is from Old English fȳr (“fire”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)). The first element of the word has sometimes been assumed to be French bon (“good; correct, right”). The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that bonfires, originally lit as part of midsummer celebrations, were not generally associated with the burning of bones. However, the first edition of the OED (under the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1887) stated that “for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick [in Roxburghshire, Scotland], old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c. 1800”. The verb is derived from the noun. cognates * Scots banefire (“bonfire”) Etymology templates: {{l|ine-pro|*péh₂wr̥}} *péh₂wr̥, {{PIE word|en|péh₂wr̥}} PIE word *péh₂wr̥, {{root|en|ine-pro|*bʰeyh₂-}}, {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{inh|en|enm|bon-fir}} Middle English bon-fir, {{m|enm|bonefire}} bonefire, {{m|enm|bonnefyre|t=fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire}} bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”), {{nb...|bonefuyr, bonffyer, bonfyre, (Northern England) banefyre|otherforms=1}} [and other forms], {{m|enm|bon|t=bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw}} bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”), {{m|enm|fir|t=fire}} fir (“fire”), {{m|enm||Bon}} Bon, {{inh|en|ang|bān|t=bone}} Old English bān (“bone”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*bʰeyh₂-|t=to hit, strike; to cut, hew}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”), {{m|enm||fir}} fir, {{inh|en|ang|fȳr|t=fire}} Old English fȳr (“fire”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*péh₂wr̥|t=fire}} Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”), {{noncog|fr|bon|t=good; correct, right}} French bon (“good; correct, right”), {{glossary|verb}} verb, {{cog|sco|banefire|t=bonfire}} Scots banefire (“bonfire”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} bonfire (plural bonfires)
  1. A large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal. Synonyms: bale (english: archaic or obsolete) Translations (large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal): مَشْعَل (mašʕal) [masculine] (Arabic), խարույկ (xaruyk) (Armenian), во́гнішча (vóhnišča) [neuter] (Belarusian), касцёр (kascjór) [masculine] (Belarusian), 𑂃𑂪𑂰𑂫 (alāv) (Bhojpuri), 𑂐𑂴𑂩𑂰 (ghūrā) (Bhojpuri), 𑂍𑂸𑂚𑂰 (kauṛā) (Bhojpuri), tantad [masculine] (Breton), foguera [feminine] (Catalan), 篝火 (gōuhuǒ) (Chinese Mandarin), táborák [masculine] (Czech), bål [neuter] (Danish), vreugdevuur [neuter] (Dutch), rubfajro (Esperanto), festfajro (Esperanto), kokko (Finnish), rovio (Finnish), nuotio (Finnish), feu de joie [masculine] (French), cacharela [feminine] (Galician), fogueira [feminine] (Galician), lumeirada [feminine] (Galician), Freudenfeuer [neuter] (German), מַשּוּאָה (masu'á) [feminine] (Hebrew), अलाव (alāv) (Hindi), örömtűz (Hungarian), bál [neuter] (Icelandic), varðeldur [masculine] (Icelandic), tine chnámh [feminine] (Irish), falò [masculine] (Italian), 焚き火 (Japanese), たき火 (takibi) (alt: たきび) (Japanese), 篝火 (Japanese), かがり火 (kagaribi) (alt: かがりび) (Japanese), 화톳불 (hwatotbul) (Korean), 모닥불 (modakbul) (Korean), ugunskurs [masculine] (Latvian), laužas [masculine] (Lithuanian), ᦂᦸᧂᦺᦝ (k̇oangfay) (Lü), логорски оган (logorski ogan) [masculine] (Macedonian), 𑂃𑂪𑂰𑂫 (alāo) (Magahi), 𑂐𑂴𑂚𑂱 (ghūṛi) (Magahi), घूर (ghūr) (Maithili), घूड़ि (ghūṛɨ) (Maithili), घुड़ारी (ghuṛārī) (Maithili), अलाव (alāv) (Maithili), korosio (Nandi), fouée [feminine] (Norman), feu d'jouaie [masculine] (Norman), bål [neuter] (Norwegian), ognisko [neuter] (Polish), fogueira [feminine] (Portuguese), foc de tabără [neuter] (Romanian), костёр (kostjór) [masculine] (Russian), táborák [masculine] (Slovak), kres [inanimate, masculine] (Slovene), fogata [feminine] (Spanish), bål (Swedish), lägereld (Swedish), brasa (Swedish), şenlik ateşi (Turkish), бага́ття (baháttja) [neuter] (Ukrainian), во́гнище (vóhnyšče) [neuter] (Ukrainian), coelcerth [feminine] (Welsh), goddaith [feminine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-noun-9lroap9M Disambiguation of 'large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal': 87 6 0 7
  2. A fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items; originally (historical), heretics or other offenders, or banned books; now, generally agricultural or garden waste, or rubbish. Translations (fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items): խարույկ (xaruyk) (Armenian), sutzar (Basque), foguera [feminine] (Catalan), 篝火 (gōuhuǒ) (Chinese Mandarin), brandstapel (Dutch), rubfajro (Esperanto), rovio (Finnish), bûcher [masculine] (French), fogueira [feminine] (Galician), lumeirada [feminine] (Galician), Scheiterhaufen [masculine] (German), מְדוּרָה (medurá) [feminine] (Hebrew), máglya (Hungarian), tine chnámh [feminine] (Irish), falò (note: for unwanted items) [masculine] (Italian), rogo (note: for corpses or people) [masculine] (Italian), laužas [masculine] (Lithuanian), stos [masculine] (Polish), fogueira [feminine] (Portuguese), rug [neuter] (Romanian), костёр (kostjór) [masculine] (Russian), lomača [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), ломача [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), hoguera [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-noun--3dOAz2k Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1 Disambiguation of 'fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items': 4 75 12 9
  3. (figuratively) Something like a bonfire (sense 1 or 2) in heat, destructiveness, ferocity, etc. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-noun-109ik1Ay Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 2 23 35 13 15 10 1 1
  4. (obsolete) A fire lit to cremate a dead body; a funeral pyre. Tags: obsolete Synonyms: bale [archaic]
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-noun-kkPXw8fH Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bonefire [obsolete], burnfire Derived forms: bonfire boy, Bonfire Night, bonfire of the vanities, bonfire society, bonfire toffee, bonnie, piss on someone's bonfire Related terms: balefire

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈbɒnfaɪə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/ [General-American], /ˈbɔn-/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-bonfire.ogg [General-American] Forms: bonfires [present, singular, third-person], bonfiring [participle, present], bonfired [participle, past], bonfired [past]
Etymology: PIE word *péh₂wr̥ The noun is derived from Late Middle English bon-fir, bonefire, bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”) [and other forms], apparently from bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”) + fir (“fire”). Bon is derived from Old English bān (“bone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)), while fir is from Old English fȳr (“fire”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)). The first element of the word has sometimes been assumed to be French bon (“good; correct, right”). The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that bonfires, originally lit as part of midsummer celebrations, were not generally associated with the burning of bones. However, the first edition of the OED (under the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1887) stated that “for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick [in Roxburghshire, Scotland], old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c. 1800”. The verb is derived from the noun. cognates * Scots banefire (“bonfire”) Etymology templates: {{l|ine-pro|*péh₂wr̥}} *péh₂wr̥, {{PIE word|en|péh₂wr̥}} PIE word *péh₂wr̥, {{root|en|ine-pro|*bʰeyh₂-}}, {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{inh|en|enm|bon-fir}} Middle English bon-fir, {{m|enm|bonefire}} bonefire, {{m|enm|bonnefyre|t=fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire}} bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”), {{nb...|bonefuyr, bonffyer, bonfyre, (Northern England) banefyre|otherforms=1}} [and other forms], {{m|enm|bon|t=bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw}} bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”), {{m|enm|fir|t=fire}} fir (“fire”), {{m|enm||Bon}} Bon, {{inh|en|ang|bān|t=bone}} Old English bān (“bone”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*bʰeyh₂-|t=to hit, strike; to cut, hew}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”), {{m|enm||fir}} fir, {{inh|en|ang|fȳr|t=fire}} Old English fȳr (“fire”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*péh₂wr̥|t=fire}} Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”), {{noncog|fr|bon|t=good; correct, right}} French bon (“good; correct, right”), {{glossary|verb}} verb, {{cog|sco|banefire|t=bonfire}} Scots banefire (“bonfire”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} bonfire (third-person singular simple present bonfires, present participle bonfiring, simple past and past participle bonfired)
  1. (transitive)
    To destroy (something) by, or as if by, burning on a bonfire; (more generally) to burn or set alight.     Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Fire
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-verb-DYPtyXdD Disambiguation of Fire: 5 14 11 21 31 13 4 1 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1
  2. (transitive)
    (ceramics) To fire (pottery) using a bonfire.     Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Ceramics
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-verb-3F9bdtVJ Topics: ceramics, chemistry, engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  3. (transitive)
    (obsolete) To start a bonfire in (a place); to light up (a place) with a bonfire.     Tags: obsolete, transitive
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-verb-exSFuU2a
  4. (intransitive, rare) To make, or celebrate around, a bonfire. Tags: intransitive, rare
    Sense id: en-bonfire-en-verb-0PqeZMkX
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bonfiring [noun]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for bonfire meaning in All languages combined (36.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bonfire boy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Bonfire Night"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bonfire of the vanities"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bonfire society"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bonfire toffee"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bonnie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "piss on someone's bonfire"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "*péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "bon-fir"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bon-fir",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonefire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonefire",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonnefyre",
        "t": "fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bonefuyr, bonffyer, bonfyre, (Northern England) banefyre",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw"
      },
      "expansion": "bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fir",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "fir (“fire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Bon"
      },
      "expansion": "Bon",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bān",
        "t": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bān (“bone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
        "t": "to hit, strike; to cut, hew"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "fir"
      },
      "expansion": "fir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fȳr",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*péh₂wr̥",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "good; correct, right"
      },
      "expansion": "French bon (“good; correct, right”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "banefire",
        "t": "bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English bon-fir, bonefire, bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”) [and other forms], apparently from bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”) + fir (“fire”). Bon is derived from Old English bān (“bone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)), while fir is from Old English fȳr (“fire”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)). The first element of the word has sometimes been assumed to be French bon (“good; correct, right”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that bonfires, originally lit as part of midsummer celebrations, were not generally associated with the burning of bones. However, the first edition of the OED (under the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1887) stated that “for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick [in Roxburghshire, Scotland], old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c. 1800”.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bonfires",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bonfire (plural bonfires)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bon‧fire"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "balefire"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-noun-9lroap9M",
      "links": [
        [
          "large",
          "large#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "controlled",
          "controlled#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "outdoor",
          "outdoor#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "fire",
          "fire#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lit",
          "light#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "celebrate",
          "celebrate"
        ],
        [
          "signal",
          "signal#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "archaic or obsolete",
          "word": "bale"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mašʕal",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "مَشْعَل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "xaruyk",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "խարույկ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "vóhnišča",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "во́гнішча"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "kascjór",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "касцёр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "bho",
          "lang": "Bhojpuri",
          "roman": "alāv",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "𑂃𑂪𑂰𑂫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "bho",
          "lang": "Bhojpuri",
          "roman": "ghūrā",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "𑂐𑂴𑂩𑂰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "bho",
          "lang": "Bhojpuri",
          "roman": "kauṛā",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "𑂍𑂸𑂚𑂰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tantad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "foguera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gōuhuǒ",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "篝火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "táborák"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "bål"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "vreugdevuur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "rubfajro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "festfajro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "kokko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "rovio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "nuotio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "feu de joie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cacharela"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fogueira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lumeirada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Freudenfeuer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "masu'á",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "מַשּוּאָה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "alāv",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "अलाव"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "örömtűz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "bál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "varðeldur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tine chnámh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "falò"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "焚き火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "alt": "たきび",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "takibi",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "たき火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "篝火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "alt": "かがりび",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kagaribi",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "かがり火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "hwatotbul",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "화톳불"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "modakbul",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "모닥불"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ugunskurs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "laužas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "khb",
          "lang": "Lü",
          "roman": "k̇oangfay",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "ᦂᦸᧂᦺᦝ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "logorski ogan",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "логорски оган"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mag",
          "lang": "Magahi",
          "roman": "alāo",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "𑂃𑂪𑂰𑂫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mag",
          "lang": "Magahi",
          "roman": "ghūṛi",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "𑂐𑂴𑂚𑂱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mai",
          "lang": "Maithili",
          "roman": "ghūr",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "घूर"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mai",
          "lang": "Maithili",
          "roman": "ghūṛɨ",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "घूड़ि"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mai",
          "lang": "Maithili",
          "roman": "ghuṛārī",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "घुड़ारी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "mai",
          "lang": "Maithili",
          "roman": "alāv",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "अलाव"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "niq",
          "lang": "Nandi",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "korosio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fouée"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "feu d'jouaie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "bål"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ognisko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fogueira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "foc de tabără"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kostjór",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "костёр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "táborák"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "inanimate",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kres"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fogata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "bål"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "lägereld"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "brasa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "word": "şenlik ateşi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "baháttja",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "бага́ття"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vóhnyšče",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "во́гнище"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "coelcerth"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 6 0 7",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "goddaith"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items; originally (historical), heretics or other offenders, or banned books; now, generally agricultural or garden waste, or rubbish."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-noun--3dOAz2k",
      "links": [
        [
          "outdoors",
          "outdoors#Adverb"
        ],
        [
          "burn",
          "burn#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "unwanted",
          "unwanted"
        ],
        [
          "items",
          "item#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "heretics",
          "heretic#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "offender",
          "offender"
        ],
        [
          "banned",
          "banned#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "books",
          "book#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "agricultural",
          "agricultural#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "garden",
          "garden#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "waste",
          "waste#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "rubbish",
          "rubbish#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "xaruyk",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "խարույկ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "sutzar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "foguera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gōuhuǒ",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "篝火"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "brandstapel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "rubfajro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "rovio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bûcher"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fogueira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lumeirada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Scheiterhaufen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "medurá",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "מְדוּרָה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "word": "máglya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tine chnámh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "note": "for unwanted items",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "falò"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "note": "for corpses or people",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rogo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "laužas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fogueira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rug"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kostjór",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "костёр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lomača"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ломача"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 75 12 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "hoguera"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 23 35 13 15 10 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something like a bonfire (sense 1 or 2) in heat, destructiveness, ferocity, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-noun-109ik1Ay",
      "links": [
        [
          "heat",
          "heat#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "destructiveness",
          "destructiveness"
        ],
        [
          "ferocity",
          "ferocity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Something like a bonfire (sense 1 or 2) in heat, destructiveness, ferocity, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fire lit to cremate a dead body; a funeral pyre."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-noun-kkPXw8fH",
      "links": [
        [
          "cremate",
          "cremate"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "funeral",
          "funeral#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "pyre",
          "pyre"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A fire lit to cremate a dead body; a funeral pyre."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "bale"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɒnfaɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔn-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg/En-us-bonfire.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "bonefire"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "burnfire"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oxford English Dictionary"
  ],
  "word": "bonfire"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "bonfiring"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "*péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "bon-fir"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bon-fir",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonefire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonefire",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonnefyre",
        "t": "fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bonefuyr, bonffyer, bonfyre, (Northern England) banefyre",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw"
      },
      "expansion": "bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fir",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "fir (“fire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Bon"
      },
      "expansion": "Bon",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bān",
        "t": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bān (“bone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
        "t": "to hit, strike; to cut, hew"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "fir"
      },
      "expansion": "fir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fȳr",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*péh₂wr̥",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "good; correct, right"
      },
      "expansion": "French bon (“good; correct, right”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "banefire",
        "t": "bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English bon-fir, bonefire, bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”) [and other forms], apparently from bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”) + fir (“fire”). Bon is derived from Old English bān (“bone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)), while fir is from Old English fȳr (“fire”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)). The first element of the word has sometimes been assumed to be French bon (“good; correct, right”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that bonfires, originally lit as part of midsummer celebrations, were not generally associated with the burning of bones. However, the first edition of the OED (under the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1887) stated that “for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick [in Roxburghshire, Scotland], old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c. 1800”.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bonfires",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bonfiring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bonfired",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bonfired",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bonfire (third-person singular simple present bonfires, present participle bonfiring, simple past and past participle bonfired)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bon‧fire"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 24 21 15 8 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 14 11 21 31 13 4 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Fire",
          "orig": "en:Fire",
          "parents": [
            "Combustion",
            "Light sources",
            "Chemical processes",
            "Light",
            "Nature",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1828 May, “[Review of New Publications.] 96. Nichols’s Progresses of King James I. Parts XIX. and XX. (Concluded from p. 154.)”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XXI (New Series; volume XCVIII overall), 1st part, London: […] J[ohn] B[owyer] Nichols and Son, […]; and sold by John Harris, […], published 2 June 1828, →OCLC, page 427, column 1",
          "text": "[L]ike the Christmas joke of snapdragons for children, the very liquor was to be bonfired also, and drank burning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1870 June 20, [James Warren] Nye, “Post Office Appropriation Bill”, in F. & J. Rives and George A. Bailey, editors, The Congressional Globe: […] (United States Senate, 41st Congress, 2nd session), volume LXIII, part V, Washington, D.C.: Blair and Rives; […], →OCLC, page 4646, column 2",
          "text": "Sir, there are as many public documents as you could put in this room that must be taken out and bonfired, that have cost millions, that must be burned up, unless this provision of the honorable Senator from Illinois is carried.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894, William Hawley Smith, “House-cleaning and History”, in Walks Abroad and Talks about Them, Peoria, Ill.: Educational Press Association, →OCLC, page 210",
          "text": "And as for ancient history, I think a good share of that could be bonfired. Kings, Emperors, Popes, Doges, Consuls, Priests, Shahs, Pharoahs, and all their quarrels and squabblings, with the times and seasons of the same—what a fine blaze they would make, and it is the only fine thing they could make, as I count it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895 July 20, “Chinese Items”, in The Japan Weekly Mail: A Review of Japanese Commerce, Politics, Literature, and Art, volume XXIV, number 3, Yokohama: […] James Ellacutt Beale, […], →OCLC, page 67, column 3",
          "text": "From one house they went to another, from that to another, until not one of the Christian[s]' houses was left standing. Everything was deliberately taken outside and bonfired; where the house adjoined others it was destroyed, where it stood alone it was given over to the devouring element.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1930, Wyndham Lewis, “At the American Bar”, in The Apes of God, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Black Sparrow Press, published 1981, part XII (Lord Osmund’s Lenten Party), page 454",
          "text": "[L]ibraries to be bonfired on the ground that the care of books competed with the care of babies, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1988, Bill James [pseudonym; James Tucker], chapter 24, in Protection, London: Penguin Books, published 1989, page 161",
          "text": "In any case, he made a point of bonfiring most of Lane's ideas, especially the liberal ones.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001, Kathy Lette, “Relying on the Kindness of Passing Serial Killers”, in Nip ’n’ Tuck, Sydney, N.S.W.: Picador, page 234",
          "text": "'Thank you, Bruce sweetie,' Victoria said, serenely, the operating light directly behind her bonfiring her hair.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, A[ndrew] N[orman] Wilson, “The Flying Dutchman”, in Winnie and Wolf, London: Hutchinson, page 28",
          "text": "We fell, fell, fell all of us, Icaruses, bits of papery ash falling through dusk after the German Reich had been bonfired out of existence by French and Bolshevist guile.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 July, James Abel, Cold Silence (A Joe Rush Novel), New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, page 60",
          "text": "Skinny militia fighters with canisters on their backs had circled the compound. Burning gasoline-covered tents and corpses, bonfiring the thorn tree barrier, creating heat so profound it convoluted the air and made our plane bounce.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To destroy (something) by, or as if by, burning on a bonfire; (more generally) to burn or set alight."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-verb-DYPtyXdD",
      "links": [
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ],
        [
          "burning",
          "burn#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "bonfire",
          "bonfire#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "set alight",
          "set alight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive)",
        "To destroy (something) by, or as if by, burning on a bonfire; (more generally) to burn or set alight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ceramics",
          "orig": "en:Ceramics",
          "parents": [
            "Materials",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2000, Moira Vincentelli, “Running the Business”, in Women and Ceramics: Gendered Vessels, Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, page 195",
          "text": "The pots are formed by the coiling method and bonfired using palm fronds, grass and sometimes dung.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Susan Peterson, Jan Peterson, “Firing Ceramics”, in Working with Clay, 2nd edition, London: Laurence King Publishing, page 131, column 1",
          "text": "In China, where huge figures have been excavated in recent years at Xian, archaeologists surmise that they were probably bonfired lying horizontally in a pit, or possibly handmade bricks were piled over the sculptures to retain heat; the bricks would have been removed from round the figure when the firing was over.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003, Susan Peterson, “The Legacy of Generation: Pottery by Contemporary American Indian Women”, in Susan R. Ressler, editor, Woman Artists of the American West, Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company, section II (Identity), page 104, column 1",
          "text": "Fabricated in the coil and pinch manner of old societies, the work was bonfired—but then a unique treatment was used. Before the pot had cooled, hot melted pitch from piñon trees was poured or rubbed in a thin coating over the vessel, inside and out. This unusual technique distinguished the look and aroma of Navajo pottery.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fire (pottery) using a bonfire."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-verb-3F9bdtVJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "ceramics",
          "ceramics"
        ],
        [
          "fire",
          "fire#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pottery",
          "pottery"
        ],
        [
          "using",
          "use#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive)",
        "(ceramics) To fire (pottery) using a bonfire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "ceramics",
        "chemistry",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1743 November 28 (Gregorian calendar), Horace Walpole, “To Sir Horace Mann”, in The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford: […], volumes I (1735–1748), Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, published 1842, →OCLC, page 349",
          "text": "They almost carried him [the king] into the palace on their shoulders; and at night the whole town was illuminated and bonfired.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To start a bonfire in (a place); to light up (a place) with a bonfire."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-verb-exSFuU2a",
      "links": [
        [
          "start",
          "start#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "light up",
          "light up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive)",
        "(obsolete) To start a bonfire in (a place); to light up (a place) with a bonfire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014 March 27, Joan Rust, “11.7.10: Spangles and Big C-Burgers”, in Anniecat Chronicles, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, page 131",
          "text": "Seems as if one day we are all bar-b-quing, swimming, jetskiing, bonfiring, and the next thing you know everyone is gone, leaving the house empty (except for the sad pile of damp towels and a refrigerator full of sloppy Jo's).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Alexandra Sirowy, chapter 4, in The Telling, New York, N.Y., London: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, page 36",
          "text": "Before I got out of Josh's car as he dropped me off after Marmalade's that first night, he said they were bonfiring at Shell Shores the next afternoon. He didn't even ask if I wanted to meet them, just assumed I'd be there.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make, or celebrate around, a bonfire."
      ],
      "id": "en-bonfire-en-verb-0PqeZMkX",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "celebrate",
          "celebrate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, rare) To make, or celebrate around, a bonfire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɒnfaɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔn-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg/En-us-bonfire.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oxford English Dictionary"
  ],
  "word": "bonfire"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *péh₂wr̥",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of Georgian translations",
    "en:Fire"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bonfire boy"
    },
    {
      "word": "Bonfire Night"
    },
    {
      "word": "bonfire of the vanities"
    },
    {
      "word": "bonfire society"
    },
    {
      "word": "bonfire toffee"
    },
    {
      "word": "bonnie"
    },
    {
      "word": "piss on someone's bonfire"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "*péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "bon-fir"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bon-fir",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonefire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonefire",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonnefyre",
        "t": "fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bonefuyr, bonffyer, bonfyre, (Northern England) banefyre",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw"
      },
      "expansion": "bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fir",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "fir (“fire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Bon"
      },
      "expansion": "Bon",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bān",
        "t": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bān (“bone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
        "t": "to hit, strike; to cut, hew"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "fir"
      },
      "expansion": "fir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fȳr",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*péh₂wr̥",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "good; correct, right"
      },
      "expansion": "French bon (“good; correct, right”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "banefire",
        "t": "bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English bon-fir, bonefire, bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”) [and other forms], apparently from bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”) + fir (“fire”). Bon is derived from Old English bān (“bone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)), while fir is from Old English fȳr (“fire”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)). The first element of the word has sometimes been assumed to be French bon (“good; correct, right”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that bonfires, originally lit as part of midsummer celebrations, were not generally associated with the burning of bones. However, the first edition of the OED (under the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1887) stated that “for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick [in Roxburghshire, Scotland], old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c. 1800”.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bonfires",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bonfire (plural bonfires)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bon‧fire"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "balefire"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "large",
          "large#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "controlled",
          "controlled#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "outdoor",
          "outdoor#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "fire",
          "fire#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lit",
          "light#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "celebrate",
          "celebrate"
        ],
        [
          "signal",
          "signal#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "archaic or obsolete",
          "word": "bale"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items; originally (historical), heretics or other offenders, or banned books; now, generally agricultural or garden waste, or rubbish."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "outdoors",
          "outdoors#Adverb"
        ],
        [
          "burn",
          "burn#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "unwanted",
          "unwanted"
        ],
        [
          "items",
          "item#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "heretics",
          "heretic#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "offender",
          "offender"
        ],
        [
          "banned",
          "banned#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "books",
          "book#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "agricultural",
          "agricultural#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "garden",
          "garden#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "waste",
          "waste#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "rubbish",
          "rubbish#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something like a bonfire (sense 1 or 2) in heat, destructiveness, ferocity, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heat",
          "heat#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "destructiveness",
          "destructiveness"
        ],
        [
          "ferocity",
          "ferocity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Something like a bonfire (sense 1 or 2) in heat, destructiveness, ferocity, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fire lit to cremate a dead body; a funeral pyre."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cremate",
          "cremate"
        ],
        [
          "dead",
          "dead#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "funeral",
          "funeral#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "pyre",
          "pyre"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A fire lit to cremate a dead body; a funeral pyre."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "bale"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɒnfaɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔn-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg/En-us-bonfire.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "bonefire"
    },
    {
      "word": "burnfire"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mašʕal",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "مَشْعَل"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "xaruyk",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "խարույկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "vóhnišča",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "во́гнішча"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "kascjór",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "касцёр"
    },
    {
      "code": "bho",
      "lang": "Bhojpuri",
      "roman": "alāv",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "𑂃𑂪𑂰𑂫"
    },
    {
      "code": "bho",
      "lang": "Bhojpuri",
      "roman": "ghūrā",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "𑂐𑂴𑂩𑂰"
    },
    {
      "code": "bho",
      "lang": "Bhojpuri",
      "roman": "kauṛā",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "𑂍𑂸𑂚𑂰"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tantad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "foguera"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gōuhuǒ",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "篝火"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "táborák"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "bål"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "vreugdevuur"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "rubfajro"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "festfajro"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "kokko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "rovio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "nuotio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "feu de joie"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cacharela"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fogueira"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lumeirada"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Freudenfeuer"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "masu'á",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מַשּוּאָה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "alāv",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "अलाव"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "örömtűz"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "bál"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "varðeldur"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tine chnámh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "falò"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "焚き火"
    },
    {
      "alt": "たきび",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "takibi",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "たき火"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "篝火"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かがりび",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kagaribi",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "かがり火"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "hwatotbul",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "화톳불"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "modakbul",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "모닥불"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ugunskurs"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "laužas"
    },
    {
      "code": "khb",
      "lang": "Lü",
      "roman": "k̇oangfay",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "ᦂᦸᧂᦺᦝ"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "logorski ogan",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "логорски оган"
    },
    {
      "code": "mag",
      "lang": "Magahi",
      "roman": "alāo",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "𑂃𑂪𑂰𑂫"
    },
    {
      "code": "mag",
      "lang": "Magahi",
      "roman": "ghūṛi",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "𑂐𑂴𑂚𑂱"
    },
    {
      "code": "mai",
      "lang": "Maithili",
      "roman": "ghūr",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "घूर"
    },
    {
      "code": "mai",
      "lang": "Maithili",
      "roman": "ghūṛɨ",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "घूड़ि"
    },
    {
      "code": "mai",
      "lang": "Maithili",
      "roman": "ghuṛārī",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "घुड़ारी"
    },
    {
      "code": "mai",
      "lang": "Maithili",
      "roman": "alāv",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "अलाव"
    },
    {
      "code": "niq",
      "lang": "Nandi",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "korosio"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fouée"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "feu d'jouaie"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "bål"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ognisko"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fogueira"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "foc de tabără"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kostjór",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "костёр"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "táborák"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kres"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fogata"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "bål"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "lägereld"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "brasa"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "word": "şenlik ateşi"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "baháttja",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "бага́ття"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vóhnyšče",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "во́гнище"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "coelcerth"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "goddaith"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "xaruyk",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "խարույկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "sutzar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "foguera"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gōuhuǒ",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "篝火"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "brandstapel"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "rubfajro"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "rovio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bûcher"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fogueira"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lumeirada"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Scheiterhaufen"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "medurá",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "מְדוּרָה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "word": "máglya"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tine chnámh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "note": "for unwanted items",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "falò"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "note": "for corpses or people",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rogo"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "laužas"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stos"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fogueira"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rug"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kostjór",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "костёр"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lomača"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ломача"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hoguera"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oxford English Dictionary"
  ],
  "word": "bonfire"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *péh₂wr̥",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of Georgian translations",
    "en:Fire"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "bonfiring"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "*péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "péh₂wr̥"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "bon-fir"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English bon-fir",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonefire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonefire",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bonnefyre",
        "t": "fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bonefuyr, bonffyer, bonfyre, (Northern England) banefyre",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw"
      },
      "expansion": "bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fir",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "fir (“fire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "Bon"
      },
      "expansion": "Bon",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bān",
        "t": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bān (“bone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰeyh₂-",
        "t": "to hit, strike; to cut, hew"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "",
        "3": "fir"
      },
      "expansion": "fir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fȳr",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*péh₂wr̥",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "bon",
        "t": "good; correct, right"
      },
      "expansion": "French bon (“good; correct, right”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "banefire",
        "t": "bonfire"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *péh₂wr̥\nThe noun is derived from Late Middle English bon-fir, bonefire, bonnefyre (“fire in which bones are burnt, bonfire”) [and other forms], apparently from bon (“bone; series of connected bones regarded as a unit; bone-like part of the body such as a piece of cartilage, tooth, tusk, etc.; animal’s dewclaw”) + fir (“fire”). Bon is derived from Old English bān (“bone”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike; to cut, hew”)), while fir is from Old English fȳr (“fire”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”)). The first element of the word has sometimes been assumed to be French bon (“good; correct, right”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary (OED) notes that bonfires, originally lit as part of midsummer celebrations, were not generally associated with the burning of bones. However, the first edition of the OED (under the title A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 1887) stated that “for the annual midsummer ‘banefire’ or ‘bonfire’ in the burgh of Hawick [in Roxburghshire, Scotland], old bones were regularly collected and stored up, down to c. 1800”.\nThe verb is derived from the noun.\ncognates\n* Scots banefire (“bonfire”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bonfires",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bonfiring",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bonfired",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bonfired",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bonfire (third-person singular simple present bonfires, present participle bonfiring, simple past and past participle bonfired)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bon‧fire"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1828 May, “[Review of New Publications.] 96. Nichols’s Progresses of King James I. Parts XIX. and XX. (Concluded from p. 154.)”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XXI (New Series; volume XCVIII overall), 1st part, London: […] J[ohn] B[owyer] Nichols and Son, […]; and sold by John Harris, […], published 2 June 1828, →OCLC, page 427, column 1",
          "text": "[L]ike the Christmas joke of snapdragons for children, the very liquor was to be bonfired also, and drank burning.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1870 June 20, [James Warren] Nye, “Post Office Appropriation Bill”, in F. & J. Rives and George A. Bailey, editors, The Congressional Globe: […] (United States Senate, 41st Congress, 2nd session), volume LXIII, part V, Washington, D.C.: Blair and Rives; […], →OCLC, page 4646, column 2",
          "text": "Sir, there are as many public documents as you could put in this room that must be taken out and bonfired, that have cost millions, that must be burned up, unless this provision of the honorable Senator from Illinois is carried.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1894, William Hawley Smith, “House-cleaning and History”, in Walks Abroad and Talks about Them, Peoria, Ill.: Educational Press Association, →OCLC, page 210",
          "text": "And as for ancient history, I think a good share of that could be bonfired. Kings, Emperors, Popes, Doges, Consuls, Priests, Shahs, Pharoahs, and all their quarrels and squabblings, with the times and seasons of the same—what a fine blaze they would make, and it is the only fine thing they could make, as I count it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895 July 20, “Chinese Items”, in The Japan Weekly Mail: A Review of Japanese Commerce, Politics, Literature, and Art, volume XXIV, number 3, Yokohama: […] James Ellacutt Beale, […], →OCLC, page 67, column 3",
          "text": "From one house they went to another, from that to another, until not one of the Christian[s]' houses was left standing. Everything was deliberately taken outside and bonfired; where the house adjoined others it was destroyed, where it stood alone it was given over to the devouring element.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1930, Wyndham Lewis, “At the American Bar”, in The Apes of God, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Black Sparrow Press, published 1981, part XII (Lord Osmund’s Lenten Party), page 454",
          "text": "[L]ibraries to be bonfired on the ground that the care of books competed with the care of babies, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1988, Bill James [pseudonym; James Tucker], chapter 24, in Protection, London: Penguin Books, published 1989, page 161",
          "text": "In any case, he made a point of bonfiring most of Lane's ideas, especially the liberal ones.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001, Kathy Lette, “Relying on the Kindness of Passing Serial Killers”, in Nip ’n’ Tuck, Sydney, N.S.W.: Picador, page 234",
          "text": "'Thank you, Bruce sweetie,' Victoria said, serenely, the operating light directly behind her bonfiring her hair.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, A[ndrew] N[orman] Wilson, “The Flying Dutchman”, in Winnie and Wolf, London: Hutchinson, page 28",
          "text": "We fell, fell, fell all of us, Icaruses, bits of papery ash falling through dusk after the German Reich had been bonfired out of existence by French and Bolshevist guile.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 July, James Abel, Cold Silence (A Joe Rush Novel), New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, page 60",
          "text": "Skinny militia fighters with canisters on their backs had circled the compound. Burning gasoline-covered tents and corpses, bonfiring the thorn tree barrier, creating heat so profound it convoluted the air and made our plane bounce.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To destroy (something) by, or as if by, burning on a bonfire; (more generally) to burn or set alight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ],
        [
          "burning",
          "burn#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "bonfire",
          "bonfire#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "set alight",
          "set alight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive)",
        "To destroy (something) by, or as if by, burning on a bonfire; (more generally) to burn or set alight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "en:Ceramics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2000, Moira Vincentelli, “Running the Business”, in Women and Ceramics: Gendered Vessels, Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, page 195",
          "text": "The pots are formed by the coiling method and bonfired using palm fronds, grass and sometimes dung.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Susan Peterson, Jan Peterson, “Firing Ceramics”, in Working with Clay, 2nd edition, London: Laurence King Publishing, page 131, column 1",
          "text": "In China, where huge figures have been excavated in recent years at Xian, archaeologists surmise that they were probably bonfired lying horizontally in a pit, or possibly handmade bricks were piled over the sculptures to retain heat; the bricks would have been removed from round the figure when the firing was over.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003, Susan Peterson, “The Legacy of Generation: Pottery by Contemporary American Indian Women”, in Susan R. Ressler, editor, Woman Artists of the American West, Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company, section II (Identity), page 104, column 1",
          "text": "Fabricated in the coil and pinch manner of old societies, the work was bonfired—but then a unique treatment was used. Before the pot had cooled, hot melted pitch from piñon trees was poured or rubbed in a thin coating over the vessel, inside and out. This unusual technique distinguished the look and aroma of Navajo pottery.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fire (pottery) using a bonfire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ceramics",
          "ceramics"
        ],
        [
          "fire",
          "fire#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pottery",
          "pottery"
        ],
        [
          "using",
          "use#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive)",
        "(ceramics) To fire (pottery) using a bonfire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "ceramics",
        "chemistry",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1743 November 28 (Gregorian calendar), Horace Walpole, “To Sir Horace Mann”, in The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford: […], volumes I (1735–1748), Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, published 1842, →OCLC, page 349",
          "text": "They almost carried him [the king] into the palace on their shoulders; and at night the whole town was illuminated and bonfired.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To start a bonfire in (a place); to light up (a place) with a bonfire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "start",
          "start#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "light up",
          "light up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive)",
        "(obsolete) To start a bonfire in (a place); to light up (a place) with a bonfire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014 March 27, Joan Rust, “11.7.10: Spangles and Big C-Burgers”, in Anniecat Chronicles, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, page 131",
          "text": "Seems as if one day we are all bar-b-quing, swimming, jetskiing, bonfiring, and the next thing you know everyone is gone, leaving the house empty (except for the sad pile of damp towels and a refrigerator full of sloppy Jo's).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Alexandra Sirowy, chapter 4, in The Telling, New York, N.Y., London: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, page 36",
          "text": "Before I got out of Josh's car as he dropped me off after Marmalade's that first night, he said they were bonfiring at Shell Shores the next afternoon. He didn't even ask if I wanted to meet them, just assumed I'd be there.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make, or celebrate around, a bonfire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "celebrate",
          "celebrate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, rare) To make, or celebrate around, a bonfire."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɒnfaɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔn-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg/En-us-bonfire.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-bonfire.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oxford English Dictionary"
  ],
  "word": "bonfire"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.