See bitterness on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bitterness meaning in All languages combined (19.3kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "sweetness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bitternesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bitternesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "biternesse"
},
"expansion": "biternesse",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "biternes",
"t": "bitterness; grief"
},
"expansion": "Old English biternes (“bitterness; grief”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "bitter + -ness",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bitternesse, biternesse, from Old English biternes (“bitterness; grief”), equivalent to bitter + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitternesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bitterness (countable and uncountable, plural bitternesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "five basic tastes"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "flavour"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "bitter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 10 7 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "en:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of having a bitter taste."
],
"id": "en-bitterness-en-noun-8fbTc7xA",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acerbicness"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acridity"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acridness"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "marāra",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَرَارَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amãrãciuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amãreatsã"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gorčivina",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горчивина"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "kapait"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "amareco"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "amaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "kitkeryys"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amaritúdina"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amertume"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargueza"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguranza"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bitterkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bitternis"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "baitrei",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "píkra",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πίκρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pikría",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πικρία"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pikrótēs",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πικρότης"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merirut",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מרירות"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "keserűség"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarezza"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "pait"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sseunmat",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "쓴맛"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomi",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "고미"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acerbitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amāritās"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amāritiēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amāritūdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amārulentia"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "austēritās"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gorčina",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горчина"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kayppŭ",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "കയ്പ്പ്"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitterhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "acılık",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "آجیلق"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bettaniss"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gorzkość"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gorycz"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amărăciune"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amăreală"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "górečʹ",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́речь"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "rangigùmene"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horkosť"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bitterhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "pait"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "pait"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "cēdu",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "చేదు"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-kǒm",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "ความขม"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acılık"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hirkótá",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гірко́та́"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 29 31 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hírkistʹ",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гі́ркість"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 49 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 48 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 51 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She kept her bitterness about her mistreatment for the rest of her life."
},
{
"text": "the bitterness of his words"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections",
"text": "She suspected that during the summer her father had mentioned Brian’s windfall to Billy and that father and son had then traded snidenesses and bitternesses about the W—— Corporation and bourgeois Robin and leisure-class Brian.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of feeling bitter; acrimony, resentment; the quality of exhibiting such feelings."
],
"id": "en-bitterness-en-noun-uWiutICE",
"links": [
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"acrimony",
"acrimony"
],
[
"resentment",
"resentment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "acrimony"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "gall"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "rancor"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "rancour"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "resentment"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gorčivina",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "горчивина"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amareco"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amarsento"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "katkeruus"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amertume"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargueza"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguranza"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amalgura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bitterkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "Bitternis"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "baitrei",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "píkra",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πίκρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pikría",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πικρία"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merirut",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מרירות"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "marah",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מרה"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "keserűség"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarezza"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sseunmat",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "쓴맛"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomi",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "고미"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gorčina",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горчина"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitterhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "fiere"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "górečʹ",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́речь"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "aragòne"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "margùra"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "acíbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hirkótá",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гірко́та́"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 39 30 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hírkistʹ",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гі́ркість"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Nothing could assuage the bitterness of their defeat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of eliciting a bitter, humiliating or harsh feeling."
],
"id": "en-bitterness-en-noun-y~e-2DQw",
"links": [
[
"humiliating",
"humiliating"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bitterness of the winter caught us all by surprise."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harsh cold."
],
"id": "en-bitterness-en-noun-6OudW6iL",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 13 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "hyytävyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 13 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "jäätävyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 13 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "napakkuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 13 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "purevuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 13 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "tiukkuus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪtənəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "acerbity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "alkalinity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "astringency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "bitterness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "wormwood"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bitter"
],
"word": "bitterness"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "sweetness"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Taste"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bitternesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bitternesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "biternesse"
},
"expansion": "biternesse",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "biternes",
"t": "bitterness; grief"
},
"expansion": "Old English biternes (“bitterness; grief”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "bitter + -ness",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bitternesse, biternesse, from Old English biternes (“bitterness; grief”), equivalent to bitter + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitternesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bitterness (countable and uncountable, plural bitternesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "five basic tastes"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "flavour"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "bitter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The quality of having a bitter taste."
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She kept her bitterness about her mistreatment for the rest of her life."
},
{
"text": "the bitterness of his words"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections",
"text": "She suspected that during the summer her father had mentioned Brian’s windfall to Billy and that father and son had then traded snidenesses and bitternesses about the W—— Corporation and bourgeois Robin and leisure-class Brian.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of feeling bitter; acrimony, resentment; the quality of exhibiting such feelings."
],
"links": [
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
],
[
"acrimony",
"acrimony"
],
[
"resentment",
"resentment"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Nothing could assuage the bitterness of their defeat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of eliciting a bitter, humiliating or harsh feeling."
],
"links": [
[
"humiliating",
"humiliating"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bitterness of the winter caught us all by surprise."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harsh cold."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪtənəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acerbicness"
},
{
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acridity"
},
{
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acridness"
},
{
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "acrimony"
},
{
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "gall"
},
{
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "rancor"
},
{
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "rancour"
},
{
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "resentment"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "acerbity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "alkalinity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "astringency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "bitterness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:bitterness",
"word": "wormwood"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "marāra",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَرَارَة"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amãrãciuni"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amãreatsã"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gorčivina",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горчивина"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguesa"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "kapait"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "amareco"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "amaro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "kitkeryys"
},
{
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amaritúdina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amertume"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargueza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguranza"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bitterkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bitternis"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "baitrei",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "píkra",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πίκρα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pikría",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πικρία"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pikrótēs",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πικρότης"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merirut",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מרירות"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "keserűség"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarezza"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "pait"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sseunmat",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "쓴맛"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomi",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "고미"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "acerbitās"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amāritās"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amāritiēs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amāritūdō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amārulentia"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "austēritās"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gorčina",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горчина"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kayppŭ",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "കയ്പ്പ്"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitterhet"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "acılık",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "آجیلق"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bettaniss"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gorzkość"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gorycz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amărăciune"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amăreală"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "górečʹ",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́речь"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "rangigùmene"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horkosť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bitterhet"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "pait"
},
{
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "pait"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "cēdu",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "చేదు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-kǒm",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "ความขม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"word": "acılık"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hirkótá",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гірко́та́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hírkistʹ",
"sense": "quality of being bitter in taste",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гі́ркість"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gorčivina",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "горчивина"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguesa"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amareco"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amaro"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amarsento"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "katkeruus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amertume"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amargor"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargueza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarguranza"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amalgura"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bitterkeit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "Bitternis"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "baitrei",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌴𐌹"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "píkra",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πίκρα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pikría",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πικρία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merirut",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מרירות"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "marah",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מרה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "keserűség"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amarezza"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sseunmat",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "쓴맛"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gomi",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "고미"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "fel"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gorčina",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "горчина"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bitterhet"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "fiere"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "górečʹ",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́речь"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "aragòne"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "margùra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amargura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"word": "acíbar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hirkótá",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гірко́та́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hírkistʹ",
"sense": "quality of feeling bitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гі́ркість"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "hyytävyys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "jäätävyys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "napakkuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "purevuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh cold",
"word": "tiukkuus"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bitter"
],
"word": "bitterness"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.