See 凍 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 凍 meaning in All languages combined (23.3kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"凍 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一木田 (IMDW), four-corner 3519₆, composition ⿰冫東)"
],
"id": "en-凍-mul-character-U2VKD53Q",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"冫",
"冫"
],
[
"東",
"東"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shàngdòng",
"word": "上凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shàngdòng",
"word": "上冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "不凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "不冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùdònggǎng",
"word": "不凍港"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùdònggǎng",
"word": "不冻港"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "價格凍結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "价格冻结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bīngdòng",
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bīngdòng",
"word": "冰冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冰消凍解"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冰消冻解"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冰消凍釋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冰消冻释"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冰解凍釋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冰解冻释"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lěngdòng",
"word": "冷凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lěngdòng",
"word": "冷冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冷凍蔬菜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冷冻蔬菜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lěngdòng shípǐn",
"word": "冷凍食品"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lěngdòng shípǐn",
"word": "冷冻食品"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍住"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻住"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngshāng",
"word": "凍傷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngshāng",
"word": "冻伤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍僵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻僵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍凌觜臉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻凌觜脸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍剝剝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻剥剥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngyuán",
"word": "凍原"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngyuán",
"word": "冻原"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngtǔ",
"word": "凍土"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngtǔ",
"word": "冻土"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍天行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻天行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dònghài",
"word": "凍害"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dònghài",
"word": "冻害"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngbì",
"word": "凍斃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngbì",
"word": "冻毙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍欽欽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻钦钦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngsǐ",
"word": "凍死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngsǐ",
"word": "冻死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngchuāng",
"word": "凍瘡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngchuāng",
"word": "冻疮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòng shěng",
"word": "凍省"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòng shěng",
"word": "冻省"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngjié",
"word": "凍結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngjié",
"word": "冻结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍結資金"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻结资金"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngròu",
"word": "凍肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngròu",
"word": "冻肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngxīn",
"word": "凍薪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngxīn",
"word": "冻薪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍解冰釋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻解冰释"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凍豆腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冻豆腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngyǔ",
"word": "凍雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngyǔ",
"word": "冻雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngněi",
"word": "凍餒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dòngněi",
"word": "冻馁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "北極凍原"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "北极冻原"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "呵凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "呵冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tiānhándìdòng",
"word": "天寒地凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tiānhándìdòng",
"word": "天寒地冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "àiyùdòng",
"word": "愛玉凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "àiyùdòng",
"word": "爱玉冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "挨餓受凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "挨饿受冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "擔飢受凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "担饥受冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guǒdòng",
"word": "果凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guǒdòng",
"word": "果冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "滴水成凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "滴水成冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ròudòng",
"word": "肉凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ròudòng",
"word": "肉冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiědòng",
"word": "解凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiědòng",
"word": "解冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fángdòng",
"word": "防凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fángdòng",
"word": "防冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shuāngdòng",
"word": "霜凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shuāngdòng",
"word": "霜冻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "飢凍交切"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "饥冻交切"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yúdòng",
"word": "魚凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yúdòng",
"word": "鱼冻"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "dong",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "frozen"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Turkic: dong (frozen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Turkic: dong (frozen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "dong-",
"tr": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: dong- (to freeze)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: dong- (to freeze)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "donmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: donmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: donmak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "donmaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: donmaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: donmaq"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "doňmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: doňmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: doňmak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "doň ýürek",
"tr": "coldhearted"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: doň ýürek (coldhearted)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: doň ýürek (coldhearted)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "冫//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "冫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *toːŋ</span>"
},
"expansion": "東 (OC *toːŋ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冫",
"2": "東",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs) : semantic 冫 + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs) : semantic 冫 + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凍",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 42 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold; (of weather) chilly"
],
"id": "en-凍-zh-character-cADh7iA9",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"chilly",
"chilly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 58 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 78 0 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 42 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to freeze"
],
"id": "en-凍-zh-character-fe4etWAW",
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jelly"
],
"id": "en-凍-zh-character-ItjsJ~wS",
"links": [
[
"jelly",
"jelly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 42 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-凍-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dong⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tung"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dáe̤ng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dang³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵ton"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dùng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "donq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dun"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dung³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dung⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "dáe̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔyŋ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "daxng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doxng"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tòng"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵ton"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ton^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²ton"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/toŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tuwng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tuwngH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tˤoŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*toːŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*toːŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔyŋ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*tˤoŋ-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*toːŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/*toːŋs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "寒冷 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷凊 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "鎮 very cold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Qionghai"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Chongming",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "凍 weather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "nonfreezing",
"roman": "futō",
"ruby": [
[
"不",
"ふ"
],
[
"凍",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "不凍"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frozen"
],
"id": "en-凍-ja-character-~7MEgWoQ",
"related": [
{
"roman": "iteru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"い"
]
],
"word": "凍てる"
},
{
"roman": "kōru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"こお"
]
],
"word": "凍る"
},
{
"roman": "kogoeru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"こご"
]
],
"word": "凍える"
},
{
"roman": "shimiru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"し"
]
],
"word": "凍みる"
},
{
"roman": "kōrasu",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"こお"
]
],
"word": "凍らす"
}
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "얼 동",
"roman": "eol dong",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "얼다",
"2": "얼",
"3": "동"
},
"expansion": "凍 (eumhun 얼 동 (eol dong))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "freeze",
"word": "동"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 28 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 동 (“freeze”)."
],
"id": "en-凍-ko-character-OjUzzzH4",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동",
"동#Korean"
],
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cold, congeal",
"word": "동"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 동 (“cold, congeal”)."
],
"id": "en-凍-ko-character-lQ6IT7W7",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동",
"동#Korean"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"congeal",
"congeal"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "jelly",
"word": "동"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 동 (“jelly”)."
],
"id": "en-凍-ko-character-3ofM9LD6",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동",
"동#Korean"
],
[
"jelly",
"jelly"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "đống",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "đông",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "gióng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "rúng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "đóng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-凍-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shàngdòng",
"word": "上凍"
},
{
"roman": "shàngdòng",
"word": "上冻"
},
{
"word": "不凍"
},
{
"word": "不冻"
},
{
"roman": "bùdònggǎng",
"word": "不凍港"
},
{
"roman": "bùdònggǎng",
"word": "不冻港"
},
{
"word": "價格凍結"
},
{
"word": "价格冻结"
},
{
"roman": "bīngdòng",
"word": "冰凍"
},
{
"roman": "bīngdòng",
"word": "冰冻"
},
{
"word": "冰消凍解"
},
{
"word": "冰消冻解"
},
{
"word": "冰消凍釋"
},
{
"word": "冰消冻释"
},
{
"word": "冰解凍釋"
},
{
"word": "冰解冻释"
},
{
"roman": "lěngdòng",
"word": "冷凍"
},
{
"roman": "lěngdòng",
"word": "冷冻"
},
{
"word": "冷凍蔬菜"
},
{
"word": "冷冻蔬菜"
},
{
"roman": "lěngdòng shípǐn",
"word": "冷凍食品"
},
{
"roman": "lěngdòng shípǐn",
"word": "冷冻食品"
},
{
"word": "凍住"
},
{
"word": "冻住"
},
{
"roman": "dòngshāng",
"word": "凍傷"
},
{
"roman": "dòngshāng",
"word": "冻伤"
},
{
"word": "凍僵"
},
{
"word": "冻僵"
},
{
"word": "凍凌觜臉"
},
{
"word": "冻凌觜脸"
},
{
"word": "凍剝剝"
},
{
"word": "冻剥剥"
},
{
"roman": "dòngyuán",
"word": "凍原"
},
{
"roman": "dòngyuán",
"word": "冻原"
},
{
"roman": "dòngtǔ",
"word": "凍土"
},
{
"roman": "dòngtǔ",
"word": "冻土"
},
{
"word": "凍天行"
},
{
"word": "冻天行"
},
{
"roman": "dònghài",
"word": "凍害"
},
{
"roman": "dònghài",
"word": "冻害"
},
{
"word": "凍寒"
},
{
"word": "冻寒"
},
{
"roman": "dòngbì",
"word": "凍斃"
},
{
"roman": "dòngbì",
"word": "冻毙"
},
{
"word": "凍欽欽"
},
{
"word": "冻钦钦"
},
{
"roman": "dòngsǐ",
"word": "凍死"
},
{
"roman": "dòngsǐ",
"word": "冻死"
},
{
"roman": "dòngchuāng",
"word": "凍瘡"
},
{
"roman": "dòngchuāng",
"word": "冻疮"
},
{
"roman": "dòng shěng",
"word": "凍省"
},
{
"roman": "dòng shěng",
"word": "冻省"
},
{
"word": "凍石"
},
{
"word": "冻石"
},
{
"roman": "dòngjié",
"word": "凍結"
},
{
"roman": "dòngjié",
"word": "冻结"
},
{
"word": "凍結資金"
},
{
"word": "冻结资金"
},
{
"roman": "dòngròu",
"word": "凍肉"
},
{
"roman": "dòngròu",
"word": "冻肉"
},
{
"roman": "dòngxīn",
"word": "凍薪"
},
{
"roman": "dòngxīn",
"word": "冻薪"
},
{
"word": "凍解冰釋"
},
{
"word": "冻解冰释"
},
{
"word": "凍豆腐"
},
{
"word": "冻豆腐"
},
{
"roman": "dòngyǔ",
"word": "凍雨"
},
{
"roman": "dòngyǔ",
"word": "冻雨"
},
{
"roman": "dòngněi",
"word": "凍餒"
},
{
"roman": "dòngněi",
"word": "冻馁"
},
{
"word": "凝凍"
},
{
"word": "凝冻"
},
{
"word": "北極凍原"
},
{
"word": "北极冻原"
},
{
"word": "呵凍"
},
{
"word": "呵冻"
},
{
"roman": "tiānhándìdòng",
"word": "天寒地凍"
},
{
"roman": "tiānhándìdòng",
"word": "天寒地冻"
},
{
"roman": "àiyùdòng",
"word": "愛玉凍"
},
{
"roman": "àiyùdòng",
"word": "爱玉冻"
},
{
"word": "挨餓受凍"
},
{
"word": "挨饿受冻"
},
{
"word": "擔飢受凍"
},
{
"word": "担饥受冻"
},
{
"roman": "guǒdòng",
"word": "果凍"
},
{
"roman": "guǒdòng",
"word": "果冻"
},
{
"word": "滴水成凍"
},
{
"word": "滴水成冻"
},
{
"roman": "ròudòng",
"word": "肉凍"
},
{
"roman": "ròudòng",
"word": "肉冻"
},
{
"roman": "jiědòng",
"word": "解凍"
},
{
"roman": "jiědòng",
"word": "解冻"
},
{
"roman": "fángdòng",
"word": "防凍"
},
{
"roman": "fángdòng",
"word": "防冻"
},
{
"roman": "shuāngdòng",
"word": "霜凍"
},
{
"roman": "shuāngdòng",
"word": "霜冻"
},
{
"word": "飢凍交切"
},
{
"word": "饥冻交切"
},
{
"roman": "yúdòng",
"word": "魚凍"
},
{
"roman": "yúdòng",
"word": "鱼冻"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "dong",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "frozen"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Turkic: dong (frozen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Turkic: dong (frozen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "dong-",
"tr": "to freeze"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: dong- (to freeze)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: dong- (to freeze)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "donmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: donmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: donmak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "donmaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: donmaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: donmaq"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "doňmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: doňmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: doňmak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "doň ýürek",
"tr": "coldhearted"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: doň ýürek (coldhearted)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: doň ýürek (coldhearted)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "冫//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "冫",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *toːŋ</span>"
},
"expansion": "東 (OC *toːŋ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "冫",
"2": "東",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs) : semantic 冫 + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs) : semantic 冫 + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "凍",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold; (of weather) chilly"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"chilly",
"chilly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to freeze"
],
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jelly"
],
"links": [
[
"jelly",
"jelly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dong⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "dung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tung"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dáe̤ng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dang³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵ton"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dùng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "donq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дун"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dun"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dung³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dung³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dung"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dung⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "dáe̤ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔyŋ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tòng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "daxng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "doxng"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tòng"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵ton"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ton^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²ton"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/toŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tuwng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tuwngH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tˤoŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*toːŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*toːŋs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔyŋ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*tˤoŋ-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*toːŋ/"
},
{
"other": "/*toːŋs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "寒冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Muping",
"Yantai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "冷凊 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "冷 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "寒人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "鎮 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"word": "寒"
},
{
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "冷"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"word": "凊"
},
{
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "凝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Qionghai"
],
"word": "寒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "寒 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Chongming",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "凍 weather"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "凍"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "凊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "冷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "凊 very cold"
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "nonfreezing",
"roman": "futō",
"ruby": [
[
"不",
"ふ"
],
[
"凍",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "不凍"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"roman": "iteru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"い"
]
],
"word": "凍てる"
},
{
"roman": "kōru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"こお"
]
],
"word": "凍る"
},
{
"roman": "kogoeru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"こご"
]
],
"word": "凍える"
},
{
"roman": "shimiru",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"し"
]
],
"word": "凍みる"
},
{
"roman": "kōrasu",
"ruby": [
[
"凍",
"こお"
]
],
"word": "凍らす"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading つう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading つう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading とう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading こほ-る",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading とう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading い-てる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading こお-る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading こご-える",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading し-みる",
"Japanese terms spelled with 凍",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"frozen"
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "얼 동",
"roman": "eol dong",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "얼다",
"2": "얼",
"3": "동"
},
"expansion": "凍 (eumhun 얼 동 (eol dong))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "freeze",
"word": "동"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 동 (“freeze”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동",
"동#Korean"
],
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "cold, congeal",
"word": "동"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 동 (“cold, congeal”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동",
"동#Korean"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"congeal",
"congeal"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "jelly",
"word": "동"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 동 (“jelly”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동",
"동#Korean"
],
[
"jelly",
"jelly"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"凍 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一木田 (IMDW), four-corner 3519₆, composition ⿰冫東)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"冫",
"冫"
],
[
"東",
"東"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "đống",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "đông",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "gióng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "rúng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "đóng",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "凍"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": "started on line 64, detected on line 70"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": "started on line 57, detected on line 70"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"凍"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "凍",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.