See кум on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for кум meaning in All languages combined (49.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "chm-pro",
"3": "*kŭm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari *kŭm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kolme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kolme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "кым"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari кым (kym)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Eastern Mari cardinal numbers",
"parents": [
"Cardinal numbers",
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "three days",
"roman": "kum sutka",
"text": "кум сутка",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-num-i1udsME9",
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumyt",
"word": "кумыт"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Russian кум (kum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кум (kum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-decl-noun-npos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влак",
"roman": "kum-vlak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумым",
"roman": "kumym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакым",
"roman": "kum-vlakym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумын",
"roman": "kumyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакын",
"roman": "kum-vlakyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумлан",
"roman": "kumlan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влаклан",
"roman": "kum-vlaklan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумге",
"roman": "kumge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакге",
"roman": "kum-vlakge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумла",
"roman": "kumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакла",
"roman": "kum-vlakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышто",
"roman": "kumyšto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыште",
"roman": "kum-vlakyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумыш",
"roman": "kumyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыш",
"roman": "kum-vlakyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышко",
"roman": "kumyško",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакышке",
"roman": "kum-vlakyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумеш",
"roman": "kumeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакеш",
"roman": "kum-vlakeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кумем",
"roman": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумна",
"roman": "kumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумет",
"roman": "kumet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумжо",
"roman": "kumžo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышт",
"roman": "kumyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "кум-влак",
"5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "mhr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"2": "",
"3": "ы",
"4": "о",
"5": "е"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-npos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"10": "кум-влакге",
"11": "кумла",
"12": "кум-влакла",
"13": "кумышто",
"14": "кум-влакыште",
"15": "кумыш",
"16": "кум-влакыш",
"17": "кумышко",
"18": "кум-влакышке",
"19": "кумеш",
"2": "кум-влак",
"20": "кум-влакеш",
"3": "кумым",
"4": "кум-влакым",
"5": "кумын",
"6": "кум-влакын",
"7": "кумлан",
"8": "кум-влаклан",
"9": "кумге"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-noun-pVsBU~2~",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father (of one's godchild)"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-noun-S0Y4RZhF",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 28 53 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "you shouldn't show favoritism in work",
"roman": "pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl",
"text": "пашаште кум лийшаш огыл",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"id": "en-кум-mhr-noun-vFRBiL3m",
"links": [
[
"nepotism",
"nepotism"
],
[
"favoritism",
"favoritism"
],
[
"favouritism",
"favouritism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "قۇم",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ky-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдар",
"roman": "kumdar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдун",
"roman": "kumdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардын",
"roman": "kumdardın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумга",
"roman": "kumga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарга",
"roman": "kumdarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумду",
"roman": "kumdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарды",
"roman": "kumdardı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарда",
"roman": "kumdarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдан",
"roman": "kumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардан",
"roman": "kumdardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумум",
"roman": "kumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарым",
"roman": "kumdarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумдун",
"roman": "kumumdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымдын",
"roman": "kumdarımdın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумума",
"roman": "kumuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыма",
"roman": "kumdarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумду",
"roman": "kumumdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымды",
"roman": "kumdarımdı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумда",
"roman": "kumumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымда",
"roman": "kumdarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумдан",
"roman": "kumumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымдан",
"roman": "kumdarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуң",
"roman": "kumuŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарың",
"roman": "kumdarıŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңдун",
"roman": "kumuŋdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңдын",
"roman": "kumdarıŋdın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңа",
"roman": "kumuŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңа",
"roman": "kumdarıŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңду",
"roman": "kumuŋdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңды",
"roman": "kumdarıŋdı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңда",
"roman": "kumuŋda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңда",
"roman": "kumdarıŋda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңдан",
"roman": "kumuŋdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңдан",
"roman": "kumdarıŋdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңуз",
"roman": "kumuŋuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңыз",
"roman": "kumdarıŋız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңуздун",
"roman": "kumuŋuzdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңыздын",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızdın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңузга",
"roman": "kumuŋuzga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңызга",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңузду",
"roman": "kumuŋuzdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңызды",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızdı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңузда",
"roman": "kumuŋuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңызда",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңуздан",
"roman": "kumuŋuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңыздан",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Arabic spelling",
"4": "قۇم",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "у",
"2": "дар"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)",
"name": "ky-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ky-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kyrgyz entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ky",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "ky:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ky",
"name": "Natural materials",
"orig": "ky:Natural materials",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand (finely ground rock)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ky-noun-4UY59uDI",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/qum/"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kuma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кума"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kumašin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кумашин"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kumstvo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кумство"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кумов",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кумче",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумот",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовите",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумов",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовиве",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "кумон",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовине",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "кумови",
"adj": "кумов",
"dim": "кумче",
"f": "кума"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m (plural кумови, feminine кума, relational adjective кумов, diminutive кумче)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "кумов",
"3": "куме",
"pov": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кумје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кума",
"def_dist_pl": "кумовине",
"def_dist_sg": "кумон",
"def_prox_pl": "кумовиве",
"def_prox_sg": "кумов",
"def_unsp_pl": "кумовите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кумот",
"ind_pl": "кумови",
"ind_sg": "кум",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "кумови",
"voc_sg": "куме",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"witness (at a wedding)"
],
"id": "en-кум-mk-noun-3uGFipSF",
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"id": "en-кум-mk-noun-pVsBU~2~",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Kazakh құм (qūm), Karakalpak qum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "qum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "nouns",
"head": "",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "кум • (qum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "кум • (qum)",
"name": "nog-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nogai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nogai terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-nog-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қумақ",
"tr": "qumaq"
},
"expansion": "қумақ (qumaq)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "clw",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Chulym қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "һум",
"tr": "hum"
},
"expansion": "Tofa һум (hum)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "atv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-atv-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kubak",
"word": "кубак"
},
{
"roman": "kuvak",
"word": "кувак"
}
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kumovstvó",
"word": "кумовство́"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kooma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: kooma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: kooma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"roman": "kumovʹjá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́м",
"roman": "kumovʹjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́ми",
"roman": "kumovʹjámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́х",
"roman": "kumovʹjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "-ья",
"4": "кумов",
"a": "an",
"f": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnaja matʹ",
"word": "крёстная мать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnaja dočʹ",
"word": "крёстная дочь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnyj otéc",
"word": "крёстный оте́ц"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnyj syn",
"word": "крёстный сын"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Male family members",
"orig": "ru:Male family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Male people",
"Family",
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "ru:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather of one's child"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-l2mqY~i2",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father of one's godchild"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-A10toZwZ",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-ZnpX~0fA",
"links": [
[
"friend in high places",
"friends in high places"
],
[
"benefactor",
"benefactor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "ru:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 26 36 15 9 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 24 33 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 30 37 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -ья",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 25 34 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 22 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular dative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 22 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 22 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular instrumental plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 8 22 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 8 22 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular plural stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 8 21 34 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular prepositional plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"security officer, detective"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-D9TaNkln",
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"security",
"security"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"detective",
"detective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(criminal slang) security officer, detective"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-~ksJMRJZ",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Turkic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"roman": "kúmov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мам",
"roman": "kúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мами",
"roman": "kúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мах",
"roman": "kúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "in"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Geomorphology",
"orig": "ru:Geomorphology",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-uH~UJdUN",
"links": [
[
"geomorphology",
"geomorphology"
],
[
"erg",
"erg"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"geomorphology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-an-p",
"g10": "",
"g11": "",
"g12": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"g6": "",
"g7": "",
"g8": "",
"g9": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": "",
"head6": "",
"tr": "",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f anim pl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-an-p"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f anim pl",
"name": "ru-noun form"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-mIASmSxY",
"links": [
[
"кума́",
"кума#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъmotrъ"
},
"expansion": "*kъmotrъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "la",
"3": "commater"
},
"expansion": "Latin commater",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin commater, see kmotra, kmotr in Czech.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ку̑м",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȗm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ку̑м",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку̏мови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумова",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумове",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ку̑м"
},
"expansion": "ку̑м m (Latin spelling kȗm)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ку̑м",
"10": "кумови",
"11": "куму",
"12": "кумовима",
"13": "кумом",
"14": "кумовима",
"2": "ку̏мови",
"3": "кума",
"4": "кумова",
"5": "куму",
"6": "кумовима",
"7": "кума",
"8": "кумове",
"9": "куме"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 38 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"id": "en-кум-sh-noun-pVsBU~2~",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"witness (at wedding)"
],
"id": "en-кум-sh-noun-bl9ePMjz",
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kûːm/"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ota",
"3": "قوم",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish قوم",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ota",
"3": "قوم"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum",
"3": "",
"4": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum (“sand”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (“sand”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ку̏м",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȕm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ку̏м"
},
"expansion": "ку̏м m (Latin spelling kȕm)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"2": "кума",
"3": "куму",
"4": "кум",
"5": "куму",
"6": "куму",
"7": "кумом"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-sh-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) sand"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kûm/"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kum",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡом"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡом (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "ком"
},
"expansion": "Tatar ком (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gum"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-alt-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumak",
"word": "кумак"
}
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kum",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кумну",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "кумнар",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "кумну",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "кумнар",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ну",
"2": "нар"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)",
"name": "tyv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tuvan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-кум-tyv-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuma",
"gloss": "godmother",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”)",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кума́ (kumá)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cómmater"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cómmater",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "la",
"3": "compater",
"gloss": "godfather"
},
"expansion": "Latin compater (“godfather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”) (whence also кума́ (kumá)), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ми",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кумі́вський",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ми",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"roman": "kúmiv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мові",
"roman": "kúmovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мам",
"roman": "kúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"roman": "kúmiv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мами",
"roman": "kúmamy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мові",
"roman": "kúmovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мі",
"roman": "kúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мах",
"roman": "kúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ми",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум<pr>",
"adj": "кумі́вський",
"adj2": "ку́мів",
"f": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m pers (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́ми, genitive plural ку́мів, feminine кума́, relational adjective кумі́вський or ку́мів)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум<pr>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kumívstvo",
"word": "кумі́вство"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xreščéna máty",
"word": "хреще́на ма́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xreščéna dočká",
"word": "хреще́на дочка́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xreščényj bátʹko",
"word": "хреще́ний ба́тько"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xreščényj syn",
"word": "хреще́ний син"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 15 24 3 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Male family members",
"orig": "uk:Male family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Male people",
"Family",
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 6 20 4 1 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "uk:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather of one's child"
],
"id": "en-кум-uk-noun-l2mqY~i2",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"father of one's godchild"
],
"id": "en-кум-uk-noun-A10toZwZ",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 31 46 5 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 22 55 6 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"id": "en-кум-uk-noun-~ksJMRJZ",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 18 27 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as an epithet for a wolf"
],
"id": "en-кум-uk-noun-BrpXlhU3",
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "folk poetic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(folk poetic) used as an epithet for a wolf"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"uk:кум"
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 15 4 54 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "uk:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kúmkaty",
"word": "ку́мкати"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sound of a frog, ribbit"
],
"id": "en-кум-uk-noun-Gp0~HF7C",
"links": [
[
"ribbit",
"ribbit"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kum-kúm",
"word": "кум-ку́м"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"uk:кум"
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-pr-p"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f pers pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)"
],
"id": "en-кум-uk-noun-mIASmSxY",
"links": [
[
"кума́",
"кума#Ukrainian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"uk:кум"
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"Eastern Mari lemmas",
"Eastern Mari nouns",
"Eastern Mari numerals",
"Eastern Mari terms borrowed from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Mari",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Mari",
"Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Eastern Mari terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um/1 syllable",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "chm-pro",
"3": "*kŭm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari *kŭm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kolme"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kolme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mrj",
"2": "кым"
},
"expansion": "Western Mari кым (kym)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari cardinal numbers",
"Eastern Mari terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "three days",
"roman": "kum sutka",
"text": "кум сутка",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"three"
],
"links": [
[
"three",
"three"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumyt",
"word": "кумыт"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"Eastern Mari lemmas",
"Eastern Mari nouns",
"Eastern Mari terms borrowed from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Russian",
"Eastern Mari terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/um/1 syllable",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Russian кум (kum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кум (kum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-decl-noun-npos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влак",
"roman": "kum-vlak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумым",
"roman": "kumym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакым",
"roman": "kum-vlakym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумын",
"roman": "kumyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакын",
"roman": "kum-vlakyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумлан",
"roman": "kumlan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влаклан",
"roman": "kum-vlaklan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумге",
"roman": "kumge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакге",
"roman": "kum-vlakge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумла",
"roman": "kumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакла",
"roman": "kum-vlakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышто",
"roman": "kumyšto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыште",
"roman": "kum-vlakyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумыш",
"roman": "kumyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакыш",
"roman": "kum-vlakyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышко",
"roman": "kumyško",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакышке",
"roman": "kum-vlakyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумеш",
"roman": "kumeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум-влакеш",
"roman": "kum-vlakeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кумем",
"roman": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумна",
"roman": "kumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумет",
"roman": "kumet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумжо",
"roman": "kumžo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кумышт",
"roman": "kumyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "кум-влак",
"5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "mhr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"кум"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"2": "",
"3": "ы",
"4": "о",
"5": "е"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-npos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"10": "кум-влакге",
"11": "кумла",
"12": "кум-влакла",
"13": "кумышто",
"14": "кум-влакыште",
"15": "кумыш",
"16": "кум-влакыш",
"17": "кумышко",
"18": "кум-влакышке",
"19": "кумеш",
"2": "кум-влак",
"20": "кум-влакеш",
"3": "кумым",
"4": "кум-влакым",
"5": "кумын",
"6": "кум-влакын",
"7": "кумлан",
"8": "кум-влаклан",
"9": "кумге"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father (of one's godchild)"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "you shouldn't show favoritism in work",
"roman": "pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl",
"text": "пашаште кум лийшаш огыл",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"links": [
[
"nepotism",
"nepotism"
],
[
"favoritism",
"favoritism"
],
[
"favouritism",
"favouritism"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "قۇم",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ky-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдар",
"roman": "kumdar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдун",
"roman": "kumdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардын",
"roman": "kumdardın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумга",
"roman": "kumga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарга",
"roman": "kumdarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумду",
"roman": "kumdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарды",
"roman": "kumdardı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумда",
"roman": "kumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарда",
"roman": "kumdarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдан",
"roman": "kumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдардан",
"roman": "kumdardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумум",
"roman": "kumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарым",
"roman": "kumdarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумдун",
"roman": "kumumdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымдын",
"roman": "kumdarımdın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумума",
"roman": "kumuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыма",
"roman": "kumdarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумду",
"roman": "kumumdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымды",
"roman": "kumdarımdı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумда",
"roman": "kumumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымда",
"roman": "kumdarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумумдан",
"roman": "kumumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарымдан",
"roman": "kumdarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуң",
"roman": "kumuŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарың",
"roman": "kumdarıŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңдун",
"roman": "kumuŋdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңдын",
"roman": "kumdarıŋdın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңа",
"roman": "kumuŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңа",
"roman": "kumdarıŋa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңду",
"roman": "kumuŋdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңды",
"roman": "kumdarıŋdı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңда",
"roman": "kumuŋda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңда",
"roman": "kumdarıŋda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"informal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңдан",
"roman": "kumuŋdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңдан",
"roman": "kumdarıŋdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"informal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңуз",
"roman": "kumuŋuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңыз",
"roman": "kumdarıŋız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңуздун",
"roman": "kumuŋuzdun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңыздын",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızdın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңузга",
"roman": "kumuŋuzga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңызга",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңузду",
"roman": "kumuŋuzdu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңызды",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızdı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңузда",
"roman": "kumuŋuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңызда",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумуңуздан",
"roman": "kumuŋuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумдарыңыздан",
"roman": "kumdarıŋızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Arabic spelling",
"4": "قۇم",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "у",
"2": "дар"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)",
"name": "ky-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ky-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kyrgyz entries with incorrect language header",
"Kyrgyz lemmas",
"Kyrgyz nouns",
"Kyrgyz terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Kyrgyz terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Kyrgyz terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ky:Geology",
"ky:Natural materials"
],
"glosses": [
"sand (finely ground rock)"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/qum/"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 1-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian oxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Macedonian/um",
"Rhymes:Macedonian/um/1 syllable",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kuma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кума"
},
{
"roman": "kumašin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кумашин"
},
{
"roman": "kumstvo",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кумство"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кумов",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кумче",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумот",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовите",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумов",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовиве",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "кумон",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовине",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "кумови",
"adj": "кумов",
"dim": "кумче",
"f": "кума"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m (plural кумови, feminine кума, relational adjective кумов, diminutive кумче)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "кумов",
"3": "куме",
"pov": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кумје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кума",
"def_dist_pl": "кумовине",
"def_dist_sg": "кумон",
"def_prox_pl": "кумовиве",
"def_prox_sg": "кумов",
"def_unsp_pl": "кумовите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кумот",
"ind_pl": "кумови",
"ind_sg": "кум",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "кумови",
"voc_sg": "куме",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"witness (at a wedding)"
],
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Kazakh құм (qūm), Karakalpak qum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "qum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "nouns",
"head": "",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "кум • (qum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "кум • (qum)",
"name": "nog-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Nogai",
"lang_code": "nog",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Nogai entries with incorrect language header",
"Nogai lemmas",
"Nogai nouns",
"Nogai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Nogai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Nogai terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қумақ",
"tr": "qumaq"
},
"expansion": "қумақ (qumaq)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "clw",
"2": "қум",
"tr": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Chulym қум (qum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "һум",
"tr": "hum"
},
"expansion": "Tofa һум (hum)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "atv",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "atv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Altai",
"lang_code": "atv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kubak",
"word": "кубак"
},
{
"roman": "kuvak",
"word": "кувак"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Altai lemmas",
"Northern Altai nouns",
"Northern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Northern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -ья",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular dative plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular instrumental plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular plural stem",
"Russian nouns with irregular prepositional plural",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kumovstvó",
"word": "кумовство́"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kooma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: kooma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: kooma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"roman": "kumovʹjá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́м",
"roman": "kumovʹjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́ми",
"roman": "kumovʹjámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́х",
"roman": "kumovʹjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "-ья",
"4": "кумов",
"a": "an",
"f": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnaja matʹ",
"word": "крёстная мать"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnaja dočʹ",
"word": "крёстная дочь"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnyj otéc",
"word": "крёстный оте́ц"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnyj syn",
"word": "крёстный сын"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ru:Male family members",
"ru:Male people"
],
"glosses": [
"godfather of one's child"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father of one's godchild"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"links": [
[
"friend in high places",
"friends in high places"
],
[
"benefactor",
"benefactor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian criminal slang",
"ru:Crime"
],
"glosses": [
"security officer, detective"
],
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"security",
"security"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"detective",
"detective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(criminal slang) security officer, detective"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms of address",
"Russian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Turkic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"roman": "kúmov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мам",
"roman": "kúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мами",
"roman": "kúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мах",
"roman": "kúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "in"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ru:Geomorphology"
],
"glosses": [
"erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"links": [
[
"geomorphology",
"geomorphology"
],
[
"erg",
"erg"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"geomorphology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-an-p",
"g10": "",
"g11": "",
"g12": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"g6": "",
"g7": "",
"g8": "",
"g9": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": "",
"head6": "",
"tr": "",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f anim pl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-an-p"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f anim pl",
"name": "ru-noun form"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)"
],
"links": [
[
"кума́",
"кума#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Serbo-Croatian undefined derivations",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъmotrъ"
},
"expansion": "*kъmotrъ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "la",
"3": "commater"
},
"expansion": "Latin commater",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin commater, see kmotra, kmotr in Czech.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ку̑м",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȗm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ку̑м",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку̏мови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумова",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумове",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кумови",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ку̑м"
},
"expansion": "ку̑м m (Latin spelling kȗm)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ку̑м",
"10": "кумови",
"11": "куму",
"12": "кумовима",
"13": "кумом",
"14": "кумовима",
"2": "ку̏мови",
"3": "кума",
"4": "кумова",
"5": "куму",
"6": "кумовима",
"7": "кума",
"8": "кумове",
"9": "куме"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"witness (at wedding)"
],
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kûːm/"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ota",
"3": "قوم",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish قوم",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ota",
"3": "قوم"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum",
"3": "",
"4": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum (“sand”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (“sand”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ку̏м",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȕm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "куму",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумом",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "ку̏м"
},
"expansion": "ку̏м m (Latin spelling kȕm)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум",
"2": "кума",
"3": "куму",
"4": "кум",
"5": "куму",
"6": "куму",
"7": "кумом"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) sand"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kûm/"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kum",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡом"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡом (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "ком"
},
"expansion": "Tatar ком (qom)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gum"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хум"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хум (xum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қум"
},
"expansion": "Shor қум",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Altai lemmas",
"Southern Altai nouns",
"Southern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Southern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kumak",
"word": "кумак"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*Kum",
"t": "sand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кумну",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "кумнар",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "кумну",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "кумнар",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ну",
"2": "нар"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)",
"name": "tyv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tuvan entries with incorrect language header",
"Tuvan lemmas",
"Tuvan nouns",
"Tuvan terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Tuvan terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian masculine nouns",
"Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
"Ukrainian noun forms",
"Ukrainian nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Ukrainian personal nouns",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Latin",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms of address",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian terms with redundant head parameter",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuma",
"gloss": "godmother",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”)",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кума́ (kumá)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cómmater"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cómmater",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "la",
"3": "compater",
"gloss": "godfather"
},
"expansion": "Latin compater (“godfather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”) (whence also кума́ (kumá)), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ми",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кумі́вський",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"roman": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ми",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"roman": "kúmiv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мові",
"roman": "kúmovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мам",
"roman": "kúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мів",
"roman": "kúmiv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мами",
"roman": "kúmamy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мові",
"roman": "kúmovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мі",
"roman": "kúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мах",
"roman": "kúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ми",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум<pr>",
"adj": "кумі́вський",
"adj2": "ку́мів",
"f": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m pers (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́ми, genitive plural ку́мів, feminine кума́, relational adjective кумі́вський or ку́мів)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум<pr>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kumívstvo",
"word": "кумі́вство"
},
{
"roman": "xreščéna máty",
"word": "хреще́на ма́ти"
},
{
"roman": "xreščéna dočká",
"word": "хреще́на дочка́"
},
{
"roman": "xreščényj bátʹko",
"word": "хреще́ний ба́тько"
},
{
"roman": "xreščényj syn",
"word": "хреще́ний син"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather of one's child"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father of one's godchild"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian folk poetic terms",
"Ukrainian poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"used as an epithet for a wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "folk poetic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(folk poetic) used as an epithet for a wolf"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"uk:кум"
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian interjections",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
"Ukrainian noun forms",
"Ukrainian onomatopoeias",
"Ukrainian terms of address",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kúmkaty",
"word": "ку́мкати"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sound of a frog, ribbit"
],
"links": [
[
"ribbit",
"ribbit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kum-kúm",
"word": "кум-ку́м"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"uk:кум"
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
"Ukrainian noun forms",
"Ukrainian terms of address",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-pr-p"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f pers pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)"
],
"links": [
[
"кума́",
"кума#Ukrainian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"uk:кум"
],
"word": "кум"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.