See кума on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"roman": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "куми",
"roman": "kumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумата",
"roman": "kumata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумите",
"roman": "kumite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумава",
"roman": "kumava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумиве",
"roman": "kumive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "кумана",
"roman": "kumana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумине",
"roman": "kumine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумо",
"roman": "kumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "куми",
"roman": "kumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"m": "кум"
},
"expansion": "кума • (kuma) f (masculine кум)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кумје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "кумине",
"def_dist_sg": "кумана",
"def_prox_pl": "кумиве",
"def_prox_sg": "кумава",
"def_unsp_pl": "кумите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кумата",
"ind_pl": "куми",
"ind_sg": "кума",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "куми",
"voc_sg": "кумо"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "mk:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mk",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "mk:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "67 6 23 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 8 32 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godmother"
],
"id": "en-кума-mk-noun-hE1GOM7y",
"links": [
[
"godmother",
"godmother"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkuma]"
}
],
"word": "кума"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From Latin commater.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kumá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"roman": "kumá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"roman": "kumý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"roman": "kumý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме́",
"roman": "kumé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́м",
"roman": "kumám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куму́",
"roman": "kumú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумо́й",
"roman": "kumój",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумо́ю",
"roman": "kumóju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́ми",
"roman": "kumámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме́",
"roman": "kumé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́х",
"roman": "kumáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кума́",
"a": "an",
"m": "кум"
},
"expansion": "кума́ • (kumá) f anim (genitive кумы́, nominative plural кумы́, genitive plural кум, masculine кум)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kum",
"word": "кум"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 39 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "ru:Female family members",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "ru:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(kum): godmother of one's child or godchild, or mother of one's godchild",
"word": "кум"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of кум (kum): godmother of one's child or godchild, or mother of one's godchild"
],
"id": "en-кума-ru-noun-WjZ9je6i",
"links": [
[
"кум",
"кум#Russian"
],
[
"godmother",
"godmother"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 62 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 81 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms of address",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 44 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "ru:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form of address to a middle-aged woman"
],
"id": "en-кума-ru-noun-xuLxzULA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) form of address to a middle-aged woman"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈma]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кума.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кума"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-an",
"head": "ку́ма"
},
"expansion": "ку́ма • (kúma) m anim",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kum",
"word": "кум"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative singular of кум (kum)"
],
"id": "en-кума-ru-noun-mFcoRnO-",
"links": [
[
"кум",
"кум#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkumə]"
}
],
"word": "кума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ru:Christianity",
"ru:Female family members",
"ru:Female people"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кума",
"roman": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "куми",
"roman": "kumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумата",
"roman": "kumata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумите",
"roman": "kumite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кумава",
"roman": "kumava",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумиве",
"roman": "kumive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "кумана",
"roman": "kumana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумине",
"roman": "kumine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумо",
"roman": "kumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "куми",
"roman": "kumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"m": "кум"
},
"expansion": "кума • (kuma) f (masculine кум)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кум"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кумје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "кумине",
"def_dist_sg": "кумана",
"def_prox_pl": "кумиве",
"def_prox_sg": "кумава",
"def_unsp_pl": "кумите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кумата",
"ind_pl": "куми",
"ind_sg": "кума",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "куми",
"voc_sg": "кумо"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"mk:Christianity",
"mk:Female people"
],
"glosses": [
"godmother"
],
"links": [
[
"godmother",
"godmother"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkuma]"
}
],
"word": "кума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-b nouns",
"Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Russian terms of address",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Christianity",
"ru:Female family members",
"ru:Female people"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From Latin commater.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kumá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кум",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"roman": "kumá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"roman": "kumý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумы́",
"roman": "kumý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме́",
"roman": "kumé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́м",
"roman": "kumám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куму́",
"roman": "kumú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумо́й",
"roman": "kumój",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумо́ю",
"roman": "kumóju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́ми",
"roman": "kumámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "куме́",
"roman": "kumé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́х",
"roman": "kumáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кума́",
"a": "an",
"m": "кум"
},
"expansion": "кума́ • (kumá) f anim (genitive кумы́, nominative plural кумы́, genitive plural кум, masculine кум)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kum",
"word": "кум"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian female equivalent nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "(kum): godmother of one's child or godchild, or mother of one's godchild",
"word": "кум"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of кум (kum): godmother of one's child or godchild, or mother of one's godchild"
],
"links": [
[
"кум",
"кум#Russian"
],
[
"godmother",
"godmother"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"form of address to a middle-aged woman"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) form of address to a middle-aged woman"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈma]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кума.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian terms of address",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Christianity",
"ru:Female family members",
"ru:Female people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-an",
"head": "ку́ма"
},
"expansion": "ку́ма • (kúma) m anim",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kum",
"word": "кум"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative singular of кум (kum)"
],
"links": [
[
"кум",
"кум#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkumə]"
}
],
"word": "кума"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кума meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.