See кум in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kumovstvó",
"word": "кумовство́"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kooma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: kooma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: kooma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuma",
"gloss": "godmother",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”)",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cómmater"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cómmater",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "la",
"3": "compater",
"gloss": "godfather"
},
"expansion": "Latin compater (“godfather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"roman": "kumovʹjá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́м",
"roman": "kumovʹjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́ми",
"roman": "kumovʹjámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́х",
"roman": "kumovʹjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "-ья",
"4": "кумов",
"a": "an",
"f": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnaja matʹ",
"word": "крёстная мать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnaja dočʹ",
"word": "крёстная дочь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnyj otéc",
"word": "крёстный оте́ц"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "krjóstnyj syn",
"word": "крёстный сын"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Male family members",
"orig": "ru:Male family members",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "ru:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 5 11 15 6 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "ru:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather of one's child"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-l2mqY~i2",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father of one's godchild"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-A10toZwZ",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 5 11 15 6 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "ru:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-ZnpX~0fA",
"links": [
[
"friend in high places",
"friends in high places"
],
[
"benefactor",
"benefactor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "ru:Crime",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 2 0 8 1 1 12 12 0 0 10 13 6 3 0 1 1 0 12 12 0 0 6 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 29 41 17 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 27 38 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 28 39 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 33 42 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -ья",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 25 34 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 22 41 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular dative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 22 40 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 22 40 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular instrumental plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 22 41 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 23 40 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular plural stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 22 41 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular prepositional plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 5 11 15 6 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "ru:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 28 39 17 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "ru:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 46 5 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Law enforcement",
"orig": "ru:Law enforcement",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"security officer, detective"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-D9TaNkln",
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"security",
"security"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"detective",
"detective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(criminal slang) security officer, detective"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms of address",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-~ksJMRJZ",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Turkic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"roman": "kúmov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мам",
"roman": "kúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мами",
"roman": "kúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мах",
"roman": "kúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "in"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Geomorphology",
"orig": "ru:Geomorphology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 5 11 15 6 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "ru:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-uH~UJdUN",
"links": [
[
"geomorphology",
"geomorphology"
],
[
"erg",
"erg"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"geomorphology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-an-p"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f anim pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)"
],
"id": "en-кум-ru-noun-mIASmSxY",
"links": [
[
"кума́",
"кума#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -ья",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular dative plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular genitive plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular instrumental plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian nouns with irregular plural stem",
"Russian nouns with irregular prepositional plural",
"Russian terms derived from Latin",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"ru:Christianity",
"ru:Landforms",
"ru:Law enforcement",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Christianity",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people",
"uk:Wolves"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kumovstvó",
"word": "кумовство́"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kooma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: kooma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: kooma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kuma",
"gloss": "godmother",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”)",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cómmater"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cómmater",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "la",
"3": "compater",
"gloss": "godfather"
},
"expansion": "Latin compater (“godfather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кума́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́",
"roman": "kumovʹjá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́м",
"roman": "kumovʹjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовьёв",
"roman": "kumovʹjóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́ми",
"roman": "kumovʹjámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кумовья́х",
"roman": "kumovʹjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "-ья",
"4": "кумов",
"a": "an",
"f": "кума́"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnaja matʹ",
"word": "крёстная мать"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnaja dočʹ",
"word": "крёстная дочь"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnyj otéc",
"word": "крёстный оте́ц"
},
{
"roman": "krjóstnyj syn",
"word": "крёстный сын"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ru:Male family members",
"ru:Male people"
],
"glosses": [
"godfather of one's child"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"father of one's godchild"
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"godchild",
"godchild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"links": [
[
"friend in high places",
"friends in high places"
],
[
"benefactor",
"benefactor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian criminal slang",
"ru:Crime"
],
"glosses": [
"security officer, detective"
],
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"security",
"security"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"detective",
"detective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(criminal slang) security officer, detective"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms of address",
"Russian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"ru:Christianity",
"ru:Landforms",
"ru:Law enforcement",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Christianity",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people",
"uk:Wolves"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Turkic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құм"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құм (qūm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кум"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кум (kum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qum"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek qum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ма",
"roman": "kúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мов",
"roman": "kúmov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́му",
"roman": "kúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мам",
"roman": "kúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́м",
"roman": "kúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мы",
"roman": "kúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мом",
"roman": "kúmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мами",
"roman": "kúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́ме",
"roman": "kúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ку́мах",
"roman": "kúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "in"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ru:Geomorphology"
],
"glosses": [
"erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"links": [
[
"geomorphology",
"geomorphology"
],
[
"erg",
"erg"
],
[
"sand",
"sand"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"geomorphology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Christianity",
"ru:Landforms",
"ru:Law enforcement",
"uk:Animal sounds",
"uk:Christianity",
"uk:Male family members",
"uk:Male people",
"uk:Wolves"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "kum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-an-p"
},
"expansion": "кум • (kum) f anim pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kumá",
"word": "кума́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)"
],
"links": [
[
"кума́",
"кума#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кум.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кум"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кум meaning in Russian (11.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.