See 上 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōjō",
"word": "上上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōjō",
"word": "上々"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōi",
"ruby": [
[
"上位",
"じょうい"
]
],
"word": "上位"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōei",
"ruby": [
[
"上映",
"じょうえい"
]
],
"word": "上映"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōen",
"ruby": [
[
"上演",
"じょうえん"
]
],
"word": "上演"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōkan",
"ruby": [
[
"上官",
"じょうかん"
]
],
"word": "上官"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōki",
"ruby": [
[
"上機",
"じょうき"
]
],
"word": "上機"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōkyū",
"ruby": [
[
"上級",
"じょうきゅう"
]
],
"word": "上級"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"上京",
"じょうきょう"
]
],
"word": "上京"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōkū",
"ruby": [
[
"上空",
"じょうくう"
]
],
"word": "上空"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōge",
"ruby": [
[
"上下",
"じょうげ"
]
],
"word": "上下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōgo",
"ruby": [
[
"上戸",
"じょうご"
]
],
"word": "上戸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōkoku",
"ruby": [
[
"上告",
"じょうこく"
]
],
"word": "上告"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"上司",
"じょうし"
]
],
"word": "上司"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Jōshū",
"ruby": [
[
"上州",
"じょうしゅう"
]
],
"word": "上州"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōjun",
"ruby": [
[
"上旬",
"じょうじゅん"
]
],
"word": "上旬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"上声",
"じょうしょう"
]
],
"word": "上声"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"上昇",
"じょうしょう"
]
],
"word": "上昇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"上場",
"じょうじょう"
]
],
"word": "上場"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōzu",
"ruby": [
[
"上手",
"じょうず"
]
],
"word": "上手"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"上声",
"じょうせい"
]
],
"word": "上声"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"上船",
"じょうせん"
]
],
"word": "上船"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"上層",
"じょうそう"
]
],
"word": "上層"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"上奏",
"じょうそう"
]
],
"word": "上奏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōdai",
"ruby": [
[
"上代",
"じょうだい"
]
],
"word": "上代"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōtatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"達",
"たつ"
]
],
"word": "上達"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōdan",
"ruby": [
[
"上段",
"じょうだん"
]
],
"word": "上段"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōtō",
"ruby": [
[
"上等",
"じょうとう"
]
],
"word": "上等"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shōnin",
"ruby": [
[
"上人",
"しょうにん"
]
],
"word": "上人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōnō",
"ruby": [
[
"上納",
"じょうのう"
]
],
"word": "上納"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōhin",
"ruby": [
[
"上品",
"じょうひん"
]
],
"word": "上品"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōbu",
"ruby": [
[
"上部",
"じょうぶ"
]
],
"word": "上部"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōriku",
"ruby": [
[
"上陸",
"じょうりく"
]
],
"word": "上陸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"上流",
"じょうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "上流"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jōrin",
"ruby": [
[
"上林",
"じょうりん"
]
],
"word": "上林"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ageishi",
"ruby": [
[
"上石",
"あげいし"
]
],
"word": "上石"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyōjōkyonyū",
"ruby": [
[
"平上",
"ひょうじょう"
],
[
"去入",
"きょにゅう"
]
],
"word": "平上去入"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "umai",
"ruby": [
[
"上手",
"うま"
]
],
"word": "上手い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Shanghai",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"海",
"ハイ"
]
],
"word": "上海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "noboseru",
"ruby": [
[
"逆上",
"のぼ"
]
],
"word": "逆上せる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hotsue",
"ruby": [
[
"上枝",
"ほつえ"
]
],
"word": "上枝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rinshan kaihō",
"ruby": [
[
"嶺",
"リン"
],
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"開",
"カイ"
],
[
"花",
"ホー"
]
],
"word": "嶺上開花"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rinshanpai",
"ruby": [
[
"嶺",
"リン"
],
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"牌",
"パイ"
]
],
"word": "嶺上牌"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "First grade kyōiku kanji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"above, high, up"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-Tm2bbaIR",
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"up",
"up"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"earlier"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-KlHTVHwj",
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"excellent, top"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-la1qfpbU",
"links": [
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 9 8 13 9 8 10 7 7 14 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jōyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 7 13 9 8 10 7 7 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"certain time or place in the past"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-4bkr6v2V",
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"past",
"past"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"limit"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-VeoJ5XFd",
"links": [
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"climb, rise"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-LV2v6GFD",
"links": [
[
"climb",
"climb"
],
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"offer"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-mIGAvwyT",
"links": [
[
"offer",
"offer"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 0 0 2 0 8 6 9 0 1 4 4 6 6 4 6 4 8 1 1 2 1 0 3 1 5 1 4 1 0 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "ja:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"go to the center"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-sPNES1gT",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"center",
"center"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raise, bring up"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-TItORDjC",
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"bring up",
"bring up"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 11 5 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 7 4 5 5 4 3 49 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese first grade kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 8 13 9 8 10 7 7 14 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jōyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 7 13 9 8 10 7 7 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 12 8 8 9 6 6 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyōiku kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 3 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 17 17 3 17 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 5 9 6 6 7 6 6 11 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 13 4 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 0 5 0 9 4 7 4 45 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 0 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 0 4 0 8 4 6 3 53 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one of the four tones of Middle Chinese"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-kVOp9-wt",
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province",
"word": "上野国"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"short for 上野国 (Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-character-ypSz~YqG",
"links": [
[
"上野国",
"上野国#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "shita",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "下"
},
{
"roman": "ueue",
"word": "上上"
},
{
"roman": "ueue",
"word": "上々"
},
{
"roman": "ue-zama",
"ruby": [
[
"上方",
"うえざま"
]
],
"word": "上方"
},
{
"roman": "Uesugi",
"ruby": [
[
"上杉",
"うえすぎ"
]
],
"word": "上杉"
},
{
"roman": "Ueno",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"word": "上野"
},
{
"roman": "ueya",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
]
],
"word": "上屋"
},
{
"roman": "ue ni tatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"word": "上に立つ"
},
{
"roman": "ue ni wa ue ga aru",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"word": "上には上がある"
},
{
"roman": "ue minu washi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"鷲",
"わし"
]
],
"word": "上見ぬ鷲"
},
{
"roman": "ue o iku",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"word": "上を行く"
},
{
"roman": "ue o shita e",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "上を下へ"
},
{
"roman": "ue o miru",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
]
],
"word": "上を見る"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨upe₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨upe₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*upay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *upay",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.\nUnbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ue",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うへ",
"roman": "ufe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うえ",
"hhira": "うへ"
},
"expansion": "上(うえ) • (ue) ^(←うへ (ufe)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 51 3 3 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 0 2 0 8 6 9 0 1 4 4 6 6 4 6 4 8 1 1 2 1 0 3 1 5 1 4 1 0 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "ja:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Walk Looking Up",
"roman": "“Ue o Muite Arukō”",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"向",
"む"
],
[
"歩",
"ある"
]
],
"text": "『上を向いて歩こう』",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the above"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-GrAQfpUa",
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "top of the box",
"roman": "hako no ue",
"ruby": [
[
"箱",
"はこ"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"text": "箱の上",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the top (position or direction)"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-2R4-0J1H",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"position",
"position#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to float upon the water",
"roman": "mizu no ue ni ukabu",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"浮",
"う"
]
],
"text": "水の上に浮かぶ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the surface of"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-px9gejOo",
"links": [
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "senior who is one year older",
"roman": "hitotsu ue no senpai",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"先輩",
"せんぱい"
]
],
"text": "一つ上の先輩",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "boss who is twenty-four years older (than someone else)",
"roman": "futamawari-ue no jōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"二",
"ふた"
],
[
"回",
"まわ"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"上司",
"じょうし"
]
],
"text": "二回り上の上司",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"superior in skill, age, level, etc."
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-h2YOMbGZ",
"links": [
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟e̞]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨upe₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨upe₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*upay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *upay",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.\nUnbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ue",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ufe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うへ",
"roman": "-ufe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "うえ",
"hhira": "うへ"
},
"expansion": "上(うえ) • (-ue) ^(←うへ (-ufe)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ani-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"兄上",
"あにうえ"
]
],
"word": "兄上"
},
{
"roman": "ane-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"姉上",
"あねうえ"
]
],
"word": "姉上"
},
{
"roman": "chichi-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"父上",
"ちちうえ"
]
],
"word": "父上"
},
{
"roman": "haha-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"母上",
"ははうえ"
]
],
"word": "母上"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix addressing to a superior"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-suffix-T9pOfyQQ",
"links": [
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟e̞]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨upe₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨upe₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*upay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *upay",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.\nUnbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ue",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Ufe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うへ",
"roman": "Ufe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "うえ",
"hhira": "うへ"
},
"expansion": "上(うえ) • (Ue) ^(←うへ (Ufe)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟e̞]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うわ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/\nFrom Old Japanese. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "uwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うは",
"roman": "ufa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うわ",
"hhira": "うは"
},
"expansion": "上(うわ) • (uwa) ^(←うは (ufa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uwauwa",
"word": "上上"
},
{
"roman": "uwauwa",
"word": "浮浮"
},
{
"roman": "uwaago",
"ruby": [
[
"上顎",
"うわあご"
]
],
"word": "上顎"
},
{
"roman": "uwausu",
"ruby": [
[
"上臼",
"うわうす"
]
],
"word": "上臼"
},
{
"roman": "uwae",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"絵",
"え"
]
],
"word": "上絵"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeda",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"枝",
"えだ"
]
],
"word": "上枝"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeri",
"word": "上襟"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeri",
"word": "上衿"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeri",
"word": "上領"
},
{
"roman": "uwaobi",
"ruby": [
[
"上帯",
"うわおび"
]
],
"word": "上帯"
},
{
"roman": "uwagake",
"word": "上掛"
},
{
"roman": "uwagake",
"word": "上掛け"
},
{
"roman": "uwaki",
"ruby": [
[
"浮気",
"うわき"
]
],
"word": "浮気"
},
{
"roman": "uwagi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "上着"
},
{
"roman": "uwagi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"衣",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "上衣"
},
{
"roman": "uwasa",
"ruby": [
[
"噂",
"うわさ"
]
],
"word": "噂"
},
{
"roman": "uwadana",
"word": "上棚"
},
{
"roman": "uwadana",
"word": "上枻"
},
{
"roman": "uwate",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"手",
"て"
]
],
"word": "上手"
},
{
"roman": "uwahage",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"剥",
"は"
]
],
"word": "上剥げ"
},
{
"roman": "uwanari",
"ruby": [
[
"後妻",
"うわなり"
]
],
"word": "後妻"
},
{
"roman": "uwani",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"荷",
"に"
]
],
"word": "上荷"
},
{
"roman": "uwane",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"値",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "上値"
},
{
"roman": "uwaba",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"歯",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "上歯"
},
{
"roman": "uwabaki",
"word": "上履"
},
{
"roman": "uwabaki",
"word": "上履き"
},
{
"roman": "uwabari",
"word": "上張"
},
{
"roman": "uwabari",
"word": "上張り"
},
{
"roman": "uwahi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"翳",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "上翳"
},
{
"roman": "uwabe",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"辺",
"べ"
]
],
"word": "上辺"
},
{
"roman": "uwame",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
]
],
"word": "上目"
},
{
"roman": "uwaya",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
]
],
"word": "上屋"
}
],
"glosses": [
"upper, over"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-Cd0Bp5az",
"links": [
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うわ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/\nFrom Old Japanese. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Uwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Ufa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うは",
"roman": "Ufa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "うわ",
"hhira": "うは"
},
"expansion": "上(うわ) • (Uwa) ^(←うは (Ufa)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 9 4 1 14 14 1 14 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 1 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 4 1 15 15 1 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 11 5 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 3 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 17 17 3 17 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 13 4 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 0 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a place name"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-name-ZV4eXQvV",
"links": [
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "shimo",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "下"
},
{
"roman": "kamisuru",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "上する"
},
{
"roman": "kami",
"ruby": [
[
"守",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "守"
},
{
"roman": "kamīzumi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"泉",
"いずみ"
]
],
"word": "上泉"
},
{
"roman": "kami ichidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"一段",
"いちだん"
],
[
"活用",
"かつよう"
]
],
"word": "上一段活用"
},
{
"roman": "kami ichinin",
"word": "上一人"
},
{
"roman": "kami go-ichinin",
"word": "上御一人"
},
{
"roman": "kami-onna",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"女",
"おんな"
]
],
"word": "上女"
},
{
"roman": "kami-gakari",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"掛",
"がかり"
]
],
"word": "上掛"
},
{
"roman": "kamigata",
"ruby": [
[
"上方",
"かみがた"
]
],
"word": "上方"
},
{
"roman": "kami gosho",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"御所",
"ごしょ"
]
],
"word": "上御所"
},
{
"roman": "kami-zama",
"word": "上様"
},
{
"roman": "kami-zama",
"word": "上方"
},
{
"roman": "kamishimo",
"word": "上下"
},
{
"roman": "kamishimo",
"word": "裃"
},
{
"roman": "Kamitsukeno",
"word": "上毛野"
},
{
"roman": "Kōzuke",
"word": "上野"
},
{
"roman": "Kamitsufusa",
"word": "上総"
},
{
"roman": "Kazusa",
"word": "上総"
},
{
"roman": "kami tsu yo",
"word": "上つ世"
},
{
"roman": "kami tsu yo",
"word": "上つ代"
},
{
"roman": "kami-doiya",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"問",
"どい"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
]
],
"word": "上問屋"
},
{
"roman": "kami nageshi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"長押",
"なげし"
]
],
"word": "上長押"
},
{
"roman": "kami nidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"二段",
"にだん"
],
[
"活用",
"かつよう"
]
],
"word": "上二段活用"
},
{
"roman": "kami no to",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"戸",
"と"
]
],
"word": "上の戸"
},
{
"roman": "kami no ma",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "上の間"
},
{
"roman": "kami no machi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"町",
"まち"
]
],
"word": "上の町"
},
{
"roman": "kamihata",
"ruby": [
[
"上機",
"かみはた"
]
],
"word": "上機"
},
{
"roman": "kamibe",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"辺",
"べ"
]
],
"word": "上辺"
},
{
"roman": "kami mu",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"無",
"む"
]
],
"word": "上無"
},
{
"roman": "kami muchō",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"無調",
"むちょう"
]
],
"word": "上無調"
},
{
"roman": "Isonokami",
"ruby": [
[
"石",
"いその"
],
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "石上"
},
{
"roman": "Uji no Kami",
"ruby": [
[
"氏",
"うじ"
],
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "氏の上"
},
{
"roman": "konokami",
"word": "兄"
},
{
"roman": "konokami",
"word": "首"
},
{
"roman": "konokami",
"word": "氏上"
},
{
"roman": "kami mori shimo uruou",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"漏",
"も"
],
[
"下",
"しも"
],
[
"潤",
"うるお"
]
],
"word": "上漏り下潤う"
},
{
"roman": "kami o manabu shimo",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "上を学ぶ下"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kami₁⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/\nFrom Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).\nDistinct from 神 (⟨kami₂⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kami",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "上(かみ) • (kami)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the start"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-nndR3R98",
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a high place; the top"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-b-xzfKNT",
"links": [
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one with higher rank"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-lQVywOsL",
"links": [
[
"higher",
"higher"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠mʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kami₁⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/\nFrom Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).\nDistinct from 神 (⟨kami₂⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kami",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "上(かみ) • (Kami)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 9 4 1 14 14 1 14 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 1 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 4 1 15 15 1 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 11 5 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 3 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 17 17 3 17 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 13 4 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 0 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a place name"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-name-ZV4eXQvV1",
"links": [
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-name-v2O7m9sM1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠mʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かん"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "かむ"
},
"expansion": "かむ (kamu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/\nContraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami₁⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かん"
},
"expansion": "上(かん) • (kan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kandachibe",
"word": "上達部"
},
{
"roman": "kandachime",
"word": "上達部"
},
{
"roman": "Kanbayashi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かん"
],
[
"林",
"ばやし"
]
],
"word": "上林"
},
{
"roman": "Kanmaki",
"ruby": [
[
"上牧",
"かんまき"
]
],
"word": "上牧"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Same as かみ (kami) above"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-82qJAz7m",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Same as かみ (kami) above"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(kami) above",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "かみ"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かん"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "かむ"
},
"expansion": "かむ (kamu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/\nContraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami₁⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "かん"
},
"expansion": "上(かん) • (Kan)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 9 4 1 14 14 1 14 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 1 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 4 1 15 15 1 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 11 5 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 3 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 17 17 3 17 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 13 4 1 18 18 2 18 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 1 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 11 4 1 16 16 3 16 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 0 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a place name"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-name-ZV4eXQvV1",
"links": [
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上"
},
"expansion": "上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "zyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じやう",
"roman": "zyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じょう",
"hhira": "じやう"
},
"expansion": "上(じょう) • (jō) ^(←じやう (zyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "下"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first volume in a two- or three-volume set"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-noun-DmYqktUW",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "anjō",
"ruby": [
[
"鞍上",
"あんじょう"
]
],
"word": "鞍上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kaijō",
"ruby": [
[
"海上",
"かいじょう"
]
],
"word": "海上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kaijō",
"ruby": [
[
"階上",
"かいじょう"
]
],
"word": "階上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kijō",
"ruby": [
[
"机上",
"きじょう"
]
],
"word": "机上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kijō",
"ruby": [
[
"機上",
"きじょう"
]
],
"word": "機上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "keijō",
"ruby": [
[
"計上",
"けいじょう"
]
],
"word": "計上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "keijō",
"ruby": [
[
"啓上",
"けいじょう"
]
],
"word": "啓上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "saijō",
"ruby": [
[
"最上",
"さいじょう"
]
],
"word": "最上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "sanjō",
"ruby": [
[
"參上",
"さんじょう"
]
],
"word": "參上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"至上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "至上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"紙上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "紙上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"史上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "史上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"誌上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "誌上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shujō",
"ruby": [
[
"主上",
"しゅじょう"
]
],
"word": "主上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "suijō",
"ruby": [
[
"水上",
"すいじょう"
]
],
"word": "水上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "senjō",
"ruby": [
[
"線上",
"せんじょう"
]
],
"word": "線上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "senjō",
"ruby": [
[
"船上",
"せんじょう"
]
],
"word": "船上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "danjō",
"ruby": [
[
"壇上",
"だんじょう"
]
],
"word": "壇上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chijō",
"ruby": [
[
"地上",
"ちじょう"
]
],
"word": "地上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tenjō",
"ruby": [
[
"天上",
"てんじょう"
]
],
"word": "天上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tenjō",
"ruby": [
[
"殿上",
"てんじょう"
]
],
"word": "殿上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "bajō",
"ruby": [
[
"馬上",
"ばじょう"
]
],
"word": "馬上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "banjō",
"ruby": [
[
"盤上",
"ばんじょう"
]
],
"word": "盤上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "rikujō",
"ruby": [
[
"陸上",
"りくじょう"
]
],
"word": "陸上"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上"
},
"expansion": "上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-jō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-zyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じやう",
"roman": "-zyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "じょう",
"hhira": "じやう"
},
"expansion": "上(じょう) • (-jō) ^(←じやう (-zyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "something that is impossible according to theory",
"roman": "riron-jō wa arienai koto",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"text": "理論上はありえないこと",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "legal dispute",
"roman": "hōritsu-jō no sōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"法",
"ほう"
],
[
"律",
"りつ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
],
[
"訟",
"しょう"
]
],
"text": "法律上の争訟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from the standpoint of..."
],
"id": "en-上-ja-suffix-dC31T7AP",
"links": [
[
"standpoint",
"standpoint"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"aboard (a plane, ship, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-suffix-4n5sYmpZ",
"links": [
[
"aboard",
"aboard"
],
[
"plane",
"plane#English"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"above, in, on"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-suffix-fzuksOoX",
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上"
},
"expansion": "上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Jō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Zyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じやう",
"roman": "Zyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "じょう",
"hhira": "じやう"
},
"expansion": "上(じょう) • (Jō) ^(←じやう (Zyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-上-ja-name-v2O7m9sM1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese first grade kanji",
"Japanese jōyō kanji",
"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading じょう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading じやう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うは",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うへ",
"Japanese kanji with historical sōon reading しやん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あ・がり",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あ・がる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あ・げる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うえ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うわ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かみ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading たてまつ・る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading のぼ・す",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading のぼ・せる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading のぼ・り",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading のぼ・る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ほとり",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading あおい",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading あげ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading い",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading か",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かき",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かず",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かん",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading こう",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading のぼり",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ほつ",
"Japanese kanji with sōon reading しゃん",
"Japanese kyōiku kanji",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jōjō",
"word": "上上"
},
{
"roman": "jōjō",
"word": "上々"
},
{
"roman": "jōi",
"ruby": [
[
"上位",
"じょうい"
]
],
"word": "上位"
},
{
"roman": "jōei",
"ruby": [
[
"上映",
"じょうえい"
]
],
"word": "上映"
},
{
"roman": "jōen",
"ruby": [
[
"上演",
"じょうえん"
]
],
"word": "上演"
},
{
"roman": "jōkan",
"ruby": [
[
"上官",
"じょうかん"
]
],
"word": "上官"
},
{
"roman": "jōki",
"ruby": [
[
"上機",
"じょうき"
]
],
"word": "上機"
},
{
"roman": "jōkyū",
"ruby": [
[
"上級",
"じょうきゅう"
]
],
"word": "上級"
},
{
"roman": "jōkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"上京",
"じょうきょう"
]
],
"word": "上京"
},
{
"roman": "jōkū",
"ruby": [
[
"上空",
"じょうくう"
]
],
"word": "上空"
},
{
"roman": "jōge",
"ruby": [
[
"上下",
"じょうげ"
]
],
"word": "上下"
},
{
"roman": "jōgo",
"ruby": [
[
"上戸",
"じょうご"
]
],
"word": "上戸"
},
{
"roman": "jōkoku",
"ruby": [
[
"上告",
"じょうこく"
]
],
"word": "上告"
},
{
"roman": "jōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"上司",
"じょうし"
]
],
"word": "上司"
},
{
"roman": "Jōshū",
"ruby": [
[
"上州",
"じょうしゅう"
]
],
"word": "上州"
},
{
"roman": "jōjun",
"ruby": [
[
"上旬",
"じょうじゅん"
]
],
"word": "上旬"
},
{
"roman": "jōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"上声",
"じょうしょう"
]
],
"word": "上声"
},
{
"roman": "jōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"上昇",
"じょうしょう"
]
],
"word": "上昇"
},
{
"roman": "jōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"上場",
"じょうじょう"
]
],
"word": "上場"
},
{
"roman": "jōzu",
"ruby": [
[
"上手",
"じょうず"
]
],
"word": "上手"
},
{
"roman": "jōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"上声",
"じょうせい"
]
],
"word": "上声"
},
{
"roman": "jōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"上船",
"じょうせん"
]
],
"word": "上船"
},
{
"roman": "jōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"上層",
"じょうそう"
]
],
"word": "上層"
},
{
"roman": "jōsō",
"ruby": [
[
"上奏",
"じょうそう"
]
],
"word": "上奏"
},
{
"roman": "jōdai",
"ruby": [
[
"上代",
"じょうだい"
]
],
"word": "上代"
},
{
"roman": "jōtatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"達",
"たつ"
]
],
"word": "上達"
},
{
"roman": "jōdan",
"ruby": [
[
"上段",
"じょうだん"
]
],
"word": "上段"
},
{
"roman": "jōtō",
"ruby": [
[
"上等",
"じょうとう"
]
],
"word": "上等"
},
{
"roman": "shōnin",
"ruby": [
[
"上人",
"しょうにん"
]
],
"word": "上人"
},
{
"roman": "jōnō",
"ruby": [
[
"上納",
"じょうのう"
]
],
"word": "上納"
},
{
"roman": "jōhin",
"ruby": [
[
"上品",
"じょうひん"
]
],
"word": "上品"
},
{
"roman": "jōbu",
"ruby": [
[
"上部",
"じょうぶ"
]
],
"word": "上部"
},
{
"roman": "jōriku",
"ruby": [
[
"上陸",
"じょうりく"
]
],
"word": "上陸"
},
{
"roman": "jōryū",
"ruby": [
[
"上流",
"じょうりゅう"
]
],
"word": "上流"
},
{
"roman": "jōrin",
"ruby": [
[
"上林",
"じょうりん"
]
],
"word": "上林"
},
{
"roman": "ageishi",
"ruby": [
[
"上石",
"あげいし"
]
],
"word": "上石"
},
{
"roman": "hyōjōkyonyū",
"ruby": [
[
"平上",
"ひょうじょう"
],
[
"去入",
"きょにゅう"
]
],
"word": "平上去入"
},
{
"roman": "umai",
"ruby": [
[
"上手",
"うま"
]
],
"word": "上手い"
},
{
"english": "Shanghai",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"海",
"ハイ"
]
],
"word": "上海"
},
{
"roman": "noboseru",
"ruby": [
[
"逆上",
"のぼ"
]
],
"word": "逆上せる"
},
{
"roman": "hotsue",
"ruby": [
[
"上枝",
"ほつえ"
]
],
"word": "上枝"
},
{
"roman": "rinshan kaihō",
"ruby": [
[
"嶺",
"リン"
],
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"開",
"カイ"
],
[
"花",
"ホー"
]
],
"word": "嶺上開花"
},
{
"roman": "rinshanpai",
"ruby": [
[
"嶺",
"リン"
],
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"牌",
"パイ"
]
],
"word": "嶺上牌"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "First grade kyōiku kanji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"above, high, up"
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"up",
"up"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"earlier"
],
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"excellent, top"
],
"links": [
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"certain time or place in the past"
],
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"past",
"past"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"limit"
],
"links": [
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"climb, rise"
],
"links": [
[
"climb",
"climb"
],
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"offer"
],
"links": [
[
"offer",
"offer"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"go to the center"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"center",
"center"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raise, bring up"
],
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"bring up",
"bring up"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one of the four tones of Middle Chinese"
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province",
"word": "上野国"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 上野国 (Kōzuke no kuni): Kōzuke Province"
],
"links": [
[
"上野国",
"上野国#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "shita",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "下"
},
{
"roman": "ueue",
"word": "上上"
},
{
"roman": "ueue",
"word": "上々"
},
{
"roman": "ue-zama",
"ruby": [
[
"上方",
"うえざま"
]
],
"word": "上方"
},
{
"roman": "Uesugi",
"ruby": [
[
"上杉",
"うえすぎ"
]
],
"word": "上杉"
},
{
"roman": "Ueno",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"word": "上野"
},
{
"roman": "ueya",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
]
],
"word": "上屋"
},
{
"roman": "ue ni tatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"立",
"た"
]
],
"word": "上に立つ"
},
{
"roman": "ue ni wa ue ga aru",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"word": "上には上がある"
},
{
"roman": "ue minu washi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
],
[
"鷲",
"わし"
]
],
"word": "上見ぬ鷲"
},
{
"roman": "ue o iku",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"word": "上を行く"
},
{
"roman": "ue o shita e",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "上を下へ"
},
{
"roman": "ue o miru",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
]
],
"word": "上を見る"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨upe₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨upe₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*upay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *upay",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.\nUnbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ue",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うへ",
"roman": "ufe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うえ",
"hhira": "うへ"
},
"expansion": "上(うえ) • (ue) ^(←うへ (ufe)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Walk Looking Up",
"roman": "“Ue o Muite Arukō”",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"向",
"む"
],
[
"歩",
"ある"
]
],
"text": "『上を向いて歩こう』",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the above"
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "top of the box",
"roman": "hako no ue",
"ruby": [
[
"箱",
"はこ"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"text": "箱の上",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the top (position or direction)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"position",
"position#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to float upon the water",
"roman": "mizu no ue ni ukabu",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"浮",
"う"
]
],
"text": "水の上に浮かぶ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the surface of"
],
"links": [
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "senior who is one year older",
"roman": "hitotsu ue no senpai",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"先輩",
"せんぱい"
]
],
"text": "一つ上の先輩",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "boss who is twenty-four years older (than someone else)",
"roman": "futamawari-ue no jōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"二",
"ふた"
],
[
"回",
"まわ"
],
[
"上",
"うえ"
],
[
"上司",
"じょうし"
]
],
"text": "二回り上の上司",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"superior in skill, age, level, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟e̞]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ani-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"兄上",
"あにうえ"
]
],
"word": "兄上"
},
{
"roman": "ane-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"姉上",
"あねうえ"
]
],
"word": "姉上"
},
{
"roman": "chichi-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"父上",
"ちちうえ"
]
],
"word": "父上"
},
{
"roman": "haha-ue",
"ruby": [
[
"母上",
"ははうえ"
]
],
"word": "母上"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨upe₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨upe₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*upay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *upay",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.\nUnbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ue",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ufe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うへ",
"roman": "-ufe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "うえ",
"hhira": "うへ"
},
"expansion": "上(うえ) • (-ue) ^(←うへ (-ufe)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix addressing to a superior"
],
"links": [
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟e̞]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨upe₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨upe₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*upay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *upay",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨upe₂⟩ → /*upai̯/ → /upe/ → /ufe/ → /uwe/ → /ue/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *upay.\nUnbound apophonic form of uwa, ancient upa (see below).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ue",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Ufe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うへ",
"roman": "Ufe",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "うえ",
"hhira": "うへ"
},
"expansion": "上(うえ) • (Ue) ^(←うへ (Ufe)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うえ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟e̞]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uwauwa",
"word": "上上"
},
{
"roman": "uwauwa",
"word": "浮浮"
},
{
"roman": "uwaago",
"ruby": [
[
"上顎",
"うわあご"
]
],
"word": "上顎"
},
{
"roman": "uwausu",
"ruby": [
[
"上臼",
"うわうす"
]
],
"word": "上臼"
},
{
"roman": "uwae",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"絵",
"え"
]
],
"word": "上絵"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeda",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"枝",
"えだ"
]
],
"word": "上枝"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeri",
"word": "上襟"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeri",
"word": "上衿"
},
{
"roman": "uwaeri",
"word": "上領"
},
{
"roman": "uwaobi",
"ruby": [
[
"上帯",
"うわおび"
]
],
"word": "上帯"
},
{
"roman": "uwagake",
"word": "上掛"
},
{
"roman": "uwagake",
"word": "上掛け"
},
{
"roman": "uwaki",
"ruby": [
[
"浮気",
"うわき"
]
],
"word": "浮気"
},
{
"roman": "uwagi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "上着"
},
{
"roman": "uwagi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"衣",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "上衣"
},
{
"roman": "uwasa",
"ruby": [
[
"噂",
"うわさ"
]
],
"word": "噂"
},
{
"roman": "uwadana",
"word": "上棚"
},
{
"roman": "uwadana",
"word": "上枻"
},
{
"roman": "uwate",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"手",
"て"
]
],
"word": "上手"
},
{
"roman": "uwahage",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"剥",
"は"
]
],
"word": "上剥げ"
},
{
"roman": "uwanari",
"ruby": [
[
"後妻",
"うわなり"
]
],
"word": "後妻"
},
{
"roman": "uwani",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"荷",
"に"
]
],
"word": "上荷"
},
{
"roman": "uwane",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"値",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "上値"
},
{
"roman": "uwaba",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"歯",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "上歯"
},
{
"roman": "uwabaki",
"word": "上履"
},
{
"roman": "uwabaki",
"word": "上履き"
},
{
"roman": "uwabari",
"word": "上張"
},
{
"roman": "uwabari",
"word": "上張り"
},
{
"roman": "uwahi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"翳",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "上翳"
},
{
"roman": "uwabe",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"辺",
"べ"
]
],
"word": "上辺"
},
{
"roman": "uwame",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"目",
"め"
]
],
"word": "上目"
},
{
"roman": "uwaya",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
]
],
"word": "上屋"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うわ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/\nFrom Old Japanese. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "uwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うは",
"roman": "ufa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うわ",
"hhira": "うは"
},
"expansion": "上(うわ) • (uwa) ^(←うは (ufa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"upper, over"
],
"links": [
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うわ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/upa/ → /ufa/ → /uwa/\nFrom Old Japanese. The combining form of ue, ancient upe (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"うわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Uwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Ufa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うは",
"roman": "Ufa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "うわ",
"hhira": "うは"
},
"expansion": "上(うわ) • (Uwa) ^(←うは (Ufa)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a place name"
],
"links": [
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟β̞a̠]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "shimo",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "下"
},
{
"roman": "kamisuru",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "上する"
},
{
"roman": "kami",
"ruby": [
[
"守",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "守"
},
{
"roman": "kamīzumi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"泉",
"いずみ"
]
],
"word": "上泉"
},
{
"roman": "kami ichidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"一段",
"いちだん"
],
[
"活用",
"かつよう"
]
],
"word": "上一段活用"
},
{
"roman": "kami ichinin",
"word": "上一人"
},
{
"roman": "kami go-ichinin",
"word": "上御一人"
},
{
"roman": "kami-onna",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"女",
"おんな"
]
],
"word": "上女"
},
{
"roman": "kami-gakari",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"掛",
"がかり"
]
],
"word": "上掛"
},
{
"roman": "kamigata",
"ruby": [
[
"上方",
"かみがた"
]
],
"word": "上方"
},
{
"roman": "kami gosho",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"御所",
"ごしょ"
]
],
"word": "上御所"
},
{
"roman": "kami-zama",
"word": "上様"
},
{
"roman": "kami-zama",
"word": "上方"
},
{
"roman": "kamishimo",
"word": "上下"
},
{
"roman": "kamishimo",
"word": "裃"
},
{
"roman": "Kamitsukeno",
"word": "上毛野"
},
{
"roman": "Kōzuke",
"word": "上野"
},
{
"roman": "Kamitsufusa",
"word": "上総"
},
{
"roman": "Kazusa",
"word": "上総"
},
{
"roman": "kami tsu yo",
"word": "上つ世"
},
{
"roman": "kami tsu yo",
"word": "上つ代"
},
{
"roman": "kami-doiya",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"問",
"どい"
],
[
"屋",
"や"
]
],
"word": "上問屋"
},
{
"roman": "kami nageshi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"長押",
"なげし"
]
],
"word": "上長押"
},
{
"roman": "kami nidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"二段",
"にだん"
],
[
"活用",
"かつよう"
]
],
"word": "上二段活用"
},
{
"roman": "kami no to",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"戸",
"と"
]
],
"word": "上の戸"
},
{
"roman": "kami no ma",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "上の間"
},
{
"roman": "kami no machi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"町",
"まち"
]
],
"word": "上の町"
},
{
"roman": "kamihata",
"ruby": [
[
"上機",
"かみはた"
]
],
"word": "上機"
},
{
"roman": "kamibe",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"辺",
"べ"
]
],
"word": "上辺"
},
{
"roman": "kami mu",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"無",
"む"
]
],
"word": "上無"
},
{
"roman": "kami muchō",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"無調",
"むちょう"
]
],
"word": "上無調"
},
{
"roman": "Isonokami",
"ruby": [
[
"石",
"いその"
],
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "石上"
},
{
"roman": "Uji no Kami",
"ruby": [
[
"氏",
"うじ"
],
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"word": "氏の上"
},
{
"roman": "konokami",
"word": "兄"
},
{
"roman": "konokami",
"word": "首"
},
{
"roman": "konokami",
"word": "氏上"
},
{
"roman": "kami mori shimo uruou",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"漏",
"も"
],
[
"下",
"しも"
],
[
"潤",
"うるお"
]
],
"word": "上漏り下潤う"
},
{
"roman": "kami o manabu shimo",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
],
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "上を学ぶ下"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kami₁⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/\nFrom Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).\nDistinct from 神 (⟨kami₂⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kami",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "上(かみ) • (kami)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the start"
],
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a high place; the top"
],
"links": [
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one with higher rank"
],
"links": [
[
"higher",
"higher"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠mʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kami₁⟩ → */kamʲi/ → /kami/\nFrom Old Japanese. Already apparent in ancient texts such as the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).\nDistinct from 神 (⟨kami₂⟩ → kami, “Shinto deity”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kami",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "かみ"
},
"expansion": "上(かみ) • (Kami)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a place name"
],
"links": [
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠mʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kandachibe",
"word": "上達部"
},
{
"roman": "kandachime",
"word": "上達部"
},
{
"roman": "Kanbayashi",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かん"
],
[
"林",
"ばやし"
]
],
"word": "上林"
},
{
"roman": "Kanmaki",
"ruby": [
[
"上牧",
"かんまき"
]
],
"word": "上牧"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かん"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "かむ"
},
"expansion": "かむ (kamu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/\nContraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami₁⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かん"
},
"expansion": "上(かん) • (kan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Same as かみ (kami) above"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Same as かみ (kami) above"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(kami) above",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "かみ"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かん"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kami₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kami₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "かむ"
},
"expansion": "かむ (kamu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kami/ → /kamʉ/ → /kaɴ/\nContraction of Old Japanese ⟨kami₁⟩. Spelled in ancient works as かむ (kamu) prior to the development of the ん (n) kana.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"かん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Kan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "かん"
},
"expansion": "上(かん) • (Kan)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a place name"
],
"links": [
[
"place name",
"place name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上"
},
"expansion": "上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "zyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じやう",
"roman": "zyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じょう",
"hhira": "じやう"
},
"expansion": "上(じょう) • (jō) ^(←じやう (zyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "下"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first volume in a two- or three-volume set"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "anjō",
"ruby": [
[
"鞍上",
"あんじょう"
]
],
"word": "鞍上"
},
{
"roman": "kaijō",
"ruby": [
[
"海上",
"かいじょう"
]
],
"word": "海上"
},
{
"roman": "kaijō",
"ruby": [
[
"階上",
"かいじょう"
]
],
"word": "階上"
},
{
"roman": "kijō",
"ruby": [
[
"机上",
"きじょう"
]
],
"word": "机上"
},
{
"roman": "kijō",
"ruby": [
[
"機上",
"きじょう"
]
],
"word": "機上"
},
{
"roman": "keijō",
"ruby": [
[
"計上",
"けいじょう"
]
],
"word": "計上"
},
{
"roman": "keijō",
"ruby": [
[
"啓上",
"けいじょう"
]
],
"word": "啓上"
},
{
"roman": "saijō",
"ruby": [
[
"最上",
"さいじょう"
]
],
"word": "最上"
},
{
"roman": "sanjō",
"ruby": [
[
"參上",
"さんじょう"
]
],
"word": "參上"
},
{
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"至上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "至上"
},
{
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"紙上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "紙上"
},
{
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"史上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "史上"
},
{
"roman": "shijō",
"ruby": [
[
"誌上",
"しじょう"
]
],
"word": "誌上"
},
{
"roman": "shujō",
"ruby": [
[
"主上",
"しゅじょう"
]
],
"word": "主上"
},
{
"roman": "suijō",
"ruby": [
[
"水上",
"すいじょう"
]
],
"word": "水上"
},
{
"roman": "senjō",
"ruby": [
[
"線上",
"せんじょう"
]
],
"word": "線上"
},
{
"roman": "senjō",
"ruby": [
[
"船上",
"せんじょう"
]
],
"word": "船上"
},
{
"roman": "danjō",
"ruby": [
[
"壇上",
"だんじょう"
]
],
"word": "壇上"
},
{
"roman": "chijō",
"ruby": [
[
"地上",
"ちじょう"
]
],
"word": "地上"
},
{
"roman": "tenjō",
"ruby": [
[
"天上",
"てんじょう"
]
],
"word": "天上"
},
{
"roman": "tenjō",
"ruby": [
[
"殿上",
"てんじょう"
]
],
"word": "殿上"
},
{
"roman": "bajō",
"ruby": [
[
"馬上",
"ばじょう"
]
],
"word": "馬上"
},
{
"roman": "banjō",
"ruby": [
[
"盤上",
"ばんじょう"
]
],
"word": "盤上"
},
{
"roman": "rikujō",
"ruby": [
[
"陸上",
"りくじょう"
]
],
"word": "陸上"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上"
},
"expansion": "上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-jō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-zyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じやう",
"roman": "-zyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "じょう",
"hhira": "じやう"
},
"expansion": "上(じょう) • (-jō) ^(←じやう (-zyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "something that is impossible according to theory",
"roman": "riron-jō wa arienai koto",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"論",
"ろん"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"text": "理論上はありえないこと",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "legal dispute",
"roman": "hōritsu-jō no sōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"法",
"ほう"
],
[
"律",
"りつ"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"争",
"そう"
],
[
"訟",
"しょう"
]
],
"text": "法律上の争訟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from the standpoint of..."
],
"links": [
[
"standpoint",
"standpoint"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"aboard (a plane, ship, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"aboard",
"aboard"
],
[
"plane",
"plane#English"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"above, in, on"
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 上",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよう'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "上"
},
"expansion": "上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑɨau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 上 (MC dzyangX|dzyangH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "上",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Jō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Zyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "じやう",
"roman": "Zyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "じょう",
"hhira": "じやう"
},
"expansion": "上(じょう) • (Jō) ^(←じやう (Zyau)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "上"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 上 meaning in Japanese (40.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"上"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "上",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.