"le" meaning in Irish

See le in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

IPA: /lʲɛ/
Etymology: From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions: # re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)). # le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled). Etymology templates: {{m|ga|re|t=to}} re (“to”), {{inh|ga|sga|fri}} Old Irish fri, {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*writ-}} Proto-Celtic *writ-, {{cog|cy|wrth}} Welsh wrth, {{m|cy|gwrth-}} gwrth-, {{der|ga|ine-pro|*wert-|t=to turn}} Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”), {{cog|la|versus|t=against}} Latin versus (“against”), {{m|ga||le|t=with}} le (“with”), {{inh|ga|sga|la}} Old Irish la, {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*let-}} Proto-Celtic *let-, {{der|ga|cel-pro|*letos|t=side}} Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”), {{m|ga|leath}} leath, {{cog|cy|lled}} Welsh lled Head templates: {{head|ga|preposition|plus dative||triggers h-prothesis||||before the definite article|leis|||cat2=prepositions governing the dative|head=}} le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis), {{ga-prep|d|h|def=leis}} le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis) Inflection templates: {{ga-prep-infl|1pl=linn|1sg=liom|2pl=libh|2sg=leat|3pl=leo|3sgf=léi|3sgm=leis|3sgmem=leis-sean}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], liom [first-person, singular], liomsa [emphatic, first-person, singular], leat [second-person, singular], leatsa [emphatic, second-person, singular], leis [masculine, singular, third-person], leis-sean [emphatic, masculine, singular, third-person], léi [feminine, singular, third-person], léise [emphatic, feminine, singular, third-person], linn [first-person, plural], linne [emphatic, first-person, plural], libh [plural, second-person], libhse [emphatic, plural, second-person], leo [plural, third-person], leosan [emphatic, plural, third-person]
  1. with Tags: triggers-h-prothesis, with-dative
    Sense id: en-le-ga-prep-BpW1Y6ze
  2. used in conjunction with the copula particle is and a noun to indicate possession Tags: triggers-h-prothesis, with-dative
    Sense id: en-le-ga-prep-9glbGpgF Categories (other): Irish phrasal verbs with particle (le), Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Irish phrasal verbs with particle (le): 0 46 3 12 10 30 Disambiguation of Irish prepositions: 8 20 12 20 19 21
  3. (in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective) in the opinion of, in the consideration of Tags: triggers-h-prothesis, with-dative
    Sense id: en-le-ga-prep-T6x5EB3E Categories (other): Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Irish prepositions: 8 20 12 20 19 21
  4. to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of ithe (“eating”) and ól (“drinking”)) Tags: triggers-h-prothesis, with-dative
    Sense id: en-le-ga-prep-67iMC61o Categories (other): Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Irish prepositions: 8 20 12 20 19 21
  5. to (after a verb of speaking) Tags: triggers-h-prothesis, with-dative
    Sense id: en-le-ga-prep-56wL9c5D Categories (other): Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Irish prepositions: 8 20 12 20 19 21
  6. in order to Tags: triggers-h-prothesis, with-dative Synonyms: chun, d'fhonn
    Sense id: en-le-ga-prep-TFem5-ve Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header, Irish prepositions, Irish prepositions governing the dative Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 0 35 1 12 6 45 Disambiguation of Irish prepositions: 8 20 12 20 19 21 Disambiguation of Irish prepositions governing the dative: 2 20 12 19 15 31
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: (english: superseded) Derived forms: abair le, ar olca le, dar le, i mborr le, in éineacht le, le chéile, le thine, maidir le
Related terms: de (english: from), den, de nadesna*, de modem*, de doded*, det*, , dár, dar, darb, darbh, do (english: to, for), don, do nadosna*, do modom*, do dodod*, dot*, faoi (english: under, about), faoin, faoi na, faoi mo, faoi do, faoina, faoinár, faoinar, faoinarb, faoinarbh, i (english: in), sa, san, sna, i moim*, i doid*, it*, ina, inár, inar, inarb, inarbh, leis an, leis na, le molem*, le doled*, let*, lena, lenár, lenar, lenarb, lenarbh, ó (english: from, since), ón, ó naósna*, ó moóm*, ó doód*, ót*, óna, ónár, ónar, ónarb, ónarbh, trí (english: through), tríd an, trí na, trí mo, trí do, trína, trínár, trínar, trínarb, trínarbh, *Dialectal

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for le meaning in Irish (11.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abair le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ar olca le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dar le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "i mborr le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "in éineacht le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "le chéile"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "le thine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "maidir le"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "re",
        "t": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "re (“to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "fri"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish fri",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*writ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *writ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wrth"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh wrth",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwrth-"
      },
      "expansion": "gwrth-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wert-",
        "t": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "versus",
        "t": "against"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin versus (“against”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "",
        "3": "le",
        "t": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "le (“with”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish la",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*let-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *let-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*letos",
        "t": "side"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "leath"
      },
      "expansion": "leath",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "lled"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh lled",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions:\n# re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).\n# le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-prep-infl\n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liomsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leatsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis-sean",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léise",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "linn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "linne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libhse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leosan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "leis",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "plus dative",
        "4": "",
        "5": "triggers h-prothesis",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "before the definite article",
        "cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "d",
        "2": "h",
        "def": "leis"
      },
      "expansion": "le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)",
      "name": "ga-prep"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1pl": "linn",
        "1sg": "liom",
        "2pl": "libh",
        "2sg": "leat",
        "3pl": "leo",
        "3sgf": "léi",
        "3sgm": "leis",
        "3sgmem": "leis-sean"
      },
      "name": "ga-prep-infl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "from",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "den"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "de nadesna*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "de modem*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "de doded*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "det*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dá"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dár"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "darbh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to, for",
      "word": "do"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "don"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "do nadosna*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "do modom*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "do dodod*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dot*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "under, about",
      "word": "faoi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoi na"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoi mo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoi do"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoinár"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoinar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoinarb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "faoinarbh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "in",
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "san"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "i moim*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "i doid*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "it*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "inár"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "inar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "inarb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "inarbh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "leis an"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "leis na"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "le molem*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "le doled*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "let*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lena"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lenár"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lenar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lenarb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lenarbh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "from, since",
      "word": "ó"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ón"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ó naósna*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ó moóm*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ó doód*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ót*"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "óna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ónár"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ónar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ónarb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ónarbh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "through",
      "word": "trí"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tríd an"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trí na"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trí mo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trí do"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trína"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trínár"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trínar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trínarb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trínarbh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "*Dialectal"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "with clothing",
          "text": "le héadach",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "with"
      ],
      "id": "en-le-ga-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
      "links": [
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 46 3 12 10 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish phrasal verbs with particle (le)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 20 12 20 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The hat is mine; the hat belongs to me.",
          "text": "Is liomsa an hata.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Is le Cáit an peann luaidhe.\nThe pencil is Cáit’s; the pencil belongs to Cáit.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used in conjunction with the copula particle is and a noun to indicate possession"
      ],
      "id": "en-le-ga-prep-9glbGpgF",
      "links": [
        [
          "is",
          "is#Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 20 12 20 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The issue is unimportant to me/in my opinion.",
          "text": "Is beag liom an cheist.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in the opinion of, in the consideration of"
      ],
      "id": "en-le-ga-prep-T6x5EB3E",
      "links": [
        [
          "is",
          "is#Irish"
        ],
        [
          "opinion",
          "opinion"
        ],
        [
          "consideration",
          "consideration"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective) in the opinion of, in the consideration of"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 20 12 20 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "something to eat",
          "text": "rud le n-ithe",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "fit to drink",
          "text": "oiriúnach le n-ól",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "too hot to drink",
          "text": "ró-the le n-ól",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of ithe (“eating”) and ól (“drinking”))"
      ],
      "id": "en-le-ga-prep-67iMC61o",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "ithe",
          "ithe#Irish"
        ],
        [
          "ól",
          "ól#Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 20 12 20 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And what she said to me was, “you won’t get a drop. / Hit the road and go home.”",
          "roman": "Is é dúirt sí liom “ní bhfaighidh tú deor. / Buail an bóthar is gabh abhaile.”",
          "text": "Níl sé ina lá (Irish traditional song)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to (after a verb of speaking)"
      ],
      "id": "en-le-ga-prep-56wL9c5D",
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 35 1 12 6 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 20 12 20 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 20 12 19 15 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish prepositions governing the dative",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "in order to do a thing",
          "text": "le rud a dhéanamh",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in order to"
      ],
      "id": "en-le-ga-prep-TFem5-ve",
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chun"
        },
        {
          "word": "d'fhonn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʲɛ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "superseded",
      "word": "lé"
    }
  ],
  "word": "le"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Irish lemmas",
    "Irish phrasal verbs with particle (le)",
    "Irish prepositions",
    "Irish prepositions governing the dative",
    "Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "abair le"
    },
    {
      "word": "ar olca le"
    },
    {
      "word": "dar le"
    },
    {
      "word": "i mborr le"
    },
    {
      "word": "in éineacht le"
    },
    {
      "word": "le chéile"
    },
    {
      "word": "le thine"
    },
    {
      "word": "maidir le"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "re",
        "t": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "re (“to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "fri"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish fri",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*writ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *writ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wrth"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh wrth",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwrth-"
      },
      "expansion": "gwrth-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wert-",
        "t": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "versus",
        "t": "against"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin versus (“against”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "",
        "3": "le",
        "t": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "le (“with”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish la",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*let-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *let-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*letos",
        "t": "side"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "leath"
      },
      "expansion": "leath",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "lled"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh lled",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions:\n# re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).\n# le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ga-prep-infl\n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liomsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leatsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis-sean",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "léise",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "linn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "linne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libhse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leosan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "leis",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "plus dative",
        "4": "",
        "5": "triggers h-prothesis",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "before the definite article",
        "cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "d",
        "2": "h",
        "def": "leis"
      },
      "expansion": "le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)",
      "name": "ga-prep"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1pl": "linn",
        "1sg": "liom",
        "2pl": "libh",
        "2sg": "leat",
        "3pl": "leo",
        "3sgf": "léi",
        "3sgm": "leis",
        "3sgmem": "leis-sean"
      },
      "name": "ga-prep-infl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "from",
      "word": "de"
    },
    {
      "word": "den"
    },
    {
      "word": "de nadesna*"
    },
    {
      "word": "de modem*"
    },
    {
      "word": "de doded*"
    },
    {
      "word": "det*"
    },
    {
      "word": "dá"
    },
    {
      "word": "dár"
    },
    {
      "word": "dar"
    },
    {
      "word": "darb"
    },
    {
      "word": "darbh"
    },
    {
      "english": "to, for",
      "word": "do"
    },
    {
      "word": "don"
    },
    {
      "word": "do nadosna*"
    },
    {
      "word": "do modom*"
    },
    {
      "word": "do dodod*"
    },
    {
      "word": "dot*"
    },
    {
      "english": "under, about",
      "word": "faoi"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoin"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoi na"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoi mo"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoi do"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoina"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoinár"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoinar"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoinarb"
    },
    {
      "word": "faoinarbh"
    },
    {
      "english": "in",
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "word": "sa"
    },
    {
      "word": "san"
    },
    {
      "word": "sna"
    },
    {
      "word": "i moim*"
    },
    {
      "word": "i doid*"
    },
    {
      "word": "it*"
    },
    {
      "word": "ina"
    },
    {
      "word": "inár"
    },
    {
      "word": "inar"
    },
    {
      "word": "inarb"
    },
    {
      "word": "inarbh"
    },
    {
      "word": "leis an"
    },
    {
      "word": "leis na"
    },
    {
      "word": "le molem*"
    },
    {
      "word": "le doled*"
    },
    {
      "word": "let*"
    },
    {
      "word": "lena"
    },
    {
      "word": "lenár"
    },
    {
      "word": "lenar"
    },
    {
      "word": "lenarb"
    },
    {
      "word": "lenarbh"
    },
    {
      "english": "from, since",
      "word": "ó"
    },
    {
      "word": "ón"
    },
    {
      "word": "ó naósna*"
    },
    {
      "word": "ó moóm*"
    },
    {
      "word": "ó doód*"
    },
    {
      "word": "ót*"
    },
    {
      "word": "óna"
    },
    {
      "word": "ónár"
    },
    {
      "word": "ónar"
    },
    {
      "word": "ónarb"
    },
    {
      "word": "ónarbh"
    },
    {
      "english": "through",
      "word": "trí"
    },
    {
      "word": "tríd an"
    },
    {
      "word": "trí na"
    },
    {
      "word": "trí mo"
    },
    {
      "word": "trí do"
    },
    {
      "word": "trína"
    },
    {
      "word": "trínár"
    },
    {
      "word": "trínar"
    },
    {
      "word": "trínarb"
    },
    {
      "word": "trínarbh"
    },
    {
      "word": "*Dialectal"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "with clothing",
          "text": "le héadach",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "with"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "with",
          "with"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The hat is mine; the hat belongs to me.",
          "text": "Is liomsa an hata.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Is le Cáit an peann luaidhe.\nThe pencil is Cáit’s; the pencil belongs to Cáit.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used in conjunction with the copula particle is and a noun to indicate possession"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "is",
          "is#Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The issue is unimportant to me/in my opinion.",
          "text": "Is beag liom an cheist.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in the opinion of, in the consideration of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "is",
          "is#Irish"
        ],
        [
          "opinion",
          "opinion"
        ],
        [
          "consideration",
          "consideration"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective) in the opinion of, in the consideration of"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "something to eat",
          "text": "rud le n-ithe",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "fit to drink",
          "text": "oiriúnach le n-ól",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "too hot to drink",
          "text": "ró-the le n-ól",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of ithe (“eating”) and ól (“drinking”))"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "ithe",
          "ithe#Irish"
        ],
        [
          "ól",
          "ól#Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And what she said to me was, “you won’t get a drop. / Hit the road and go home.”",
          "roman": "Is é dúirt sí liom “ní bhfaighidh tú deor. / Buail an bóthar is gabh abhaile.”",
          "text": "Níl sé ina lá (Irish traditional song)",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to (after a verb of speaking)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "in order to do a thing",
          "text": "le rud a dhéanamh",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in order to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in order to",
          "in order to"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chun"
        },
        {
          "word": "d'fhonn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-h-prothesis",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lʲɛ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "superseded",
      "word": "lé"
    }
  ],
  "word": "le"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: before the definite article leis",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 1st person sing.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 2d person sing.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 3d sing. masc.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 3d sing. fem.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 1st person pl.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 2d person pl.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: 3d person pl.",
  "path": [
    "le"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "le",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.