"turn down" meaning in English

See turn down in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Audio: En-au-turn down.ogg [Australia] Forms: turns down [present, singular, third-person], turning down [participle, present], turned down [participle, past], turned down [past]
Head templates: {{en-verb|*}} turn down (third-person singular simple present turns down, present participle turning down, simple past and past participle turned down)
  1. (idiomatic) To refuse, decline, or deny. Tags: idiomatic Translations (refuse, decline, deny): մերժել (meržel) (Armenian), отказвам (otkazvam) (Bulgarian), отхвърлям (othvǎrljam) (Bulgarian), rebutjar (Catalan), refusar (Catalan), 拒絕 (Chinese Mandarin), 拒绝 (jùjué) (Chinese Mandarin), 回絕 (Chinese Mandarin), 回绝 (huíjué) (Chinese Mandarin), torjua (Finnish), refuser (French), décliner (French), ablehnen (German), absagen (German), abweisen (German), zurückweisen (German), verweigern (German), sich verweigern (German), jemandem einen Korb geben (German), סירב (serév) [masculine] (Hebrew), elutasít (Hungarian), visszautasít (Hungarian), rifiutare (Italian), 断る (kotowaru) (alt: ことわる) (Japanese), negō (Latin), abnegō (Latin), odrzucać [imperfective] (Polish), odrzucić [perfective] (Polish), recusar (Portuguese), rejeitar (Portuguese), отверга́ть (otvergátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), отве́ргнуть (otvérgnutʹ) [perfective] (Russian), отклоня́ть (otklonjátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), отклони́ть (otklonítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), отка́зываться (otkázyvatʹsja) [imperfective] (Russian), отказа́ться (otkazátʹsja) [intransitive, perfective] (Russian), diùlt (Scottish Gaelic), rechazar (Spanish), säga nej till (Swedish), förkasta (Swedish), відхиля́ти (vidxyljáty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), відхили́ти (vidxylýty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), відмовля́тися (vidmovljátysja) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), відмо́вити (vidmóvyty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), відкида́ти (vidkydáty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), відки́нути (vidkýnuty) [perfective] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-turn_down-en-verb-Vucd2bEy Disambiguation of 'refuse, decline, deny': 93 4 3
  2. (idiomatic) To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light. Tags: idiomatic Translations (reduce amount): نْقص (nqəṣ) [Moroccan-Arabic] (Arabic), ܡܲܟܸܦ (mākip) (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic), намалявам (namaljavam) (Bulgarian), abaixar (Catalan), disminuir (Catalan), reduir (Catalan), 減少 (Chinese Mandarin), 减少 (jiǎnshǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), hiljentää (english: voice) (Finnish), alentaa (english: heat) (Finnish), himmentää (english: light) (Finnish), vähentää (english: flow) (Finnish), baisser (French), reduzieren (German), herunterdrehen (German), herunterregeln (German), niedriger stellen (German), verringern (German), herunter stellen (German), vermindern (German), lehalkít (english: sound) (Hungarian), lejjebb vesz/kapcsol/csavar/teker (english: any switch or button) (Hungarian), lecsavar (Hungarian), tompít (note: esp. light) (Hungarian), csökkent (Hungarian), ísligh (Irish), abbassare (Italian), ściszać [imperfective] (Polish), ściszyć [perfective] (Polish), abaixar (Portuguese), diminuir (Portuguese), reduzir (Portuguese), убавля́ть (ubavljátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), уба́вить (ubávitʹ) [perfective] (Russian), уменьша́ть (umenʹšátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), уме́ньшить (uménʹšitʹ) [perfective] (Russian), smanjiti [perfective] (Serbo-Croatian), smanjivati [imperfective] (Serbo-Croatian), disminuir (Spanish), reducir (Spanish), sänka (Swedish), dämpa (Swedish), зме́ншувати (zménšuvaty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), зме́ншити (zménšyty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), pasaytirmoq (Uzbek), baxhî (english: sound) (Walloon), rastrinde (english: quantity) (Walloon), ravaler (Walloon)
    Sense id: en-turn_down-en-verb-Uc1dKOP7 Categories (other): Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, English entries with incorrect language header, Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters Disambiguation of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 9 43 48 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 7 42 51 Disambiguation of Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters: 5 46 49 Disambiguation of 'reduce amount': 17 66 16
  3. (idiomatic) To reposition by turning, flipping, etc. in a downward direction; to double or fold down. Tags: idiomatic Related terms: turn over
    Sense id: en-turn_down-en-verb-3MAla5DA Categories (other): Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, English entries with incorrect language header, English phrasal verbs with particle (down), Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters Disambiguation of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 9 43 48 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 7 42 51 Disambiguation of English phrasal verbs with particle (down): 12 36 52 Disambiguation of Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters: 5 46 49

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for turn down meaning in English (15.8kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"refuse\"",
      "word": "accept"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"reduce power\"",
      "word": "turn up"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "turns down",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turning down",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned down",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned down",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*"
      },
      "expansion": "turn down (third-person singular simple present turns down, present participle turning down, simple past and past participle turned down)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He turned down all our offers of help.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 August 24, Paul Clifton, “Many disabled passengers are excluded from using the route”, in RAIL, number 964, page 29",
          "text": "Govia Thameslink Railway declined to comment on the study and turned down our request for an interview to address the issues raised.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To refuse, decline, or deny."
      ],
      "id": "en-turn_down-en-verb-Vucd2bEy",
      "links": [
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ],
        [
          "deny",
          "deny"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To refuse, decline, or deny."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "meržel",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "մերժել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otkazvam",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "отказвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "othvǎrljam",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "отхвърлям"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "rebutjar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "refusar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "拒絕"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jùjué",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "拒绝"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "回絕"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "huíjué",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "回绝"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "torjua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "refuser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "décliner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "ablehnen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "absagen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "abweisen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "zurückweisen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "verweigern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "sich verweigern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "jemandem einen Korb geben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "serév",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "סירב"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "elutasít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "visszautasít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "rifiutare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "alt": "ことわる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kotowaru",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "断る"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "negō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "abnegō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "odrzucać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "odrzucić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "recusar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "rejeitar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otvergátʹ",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "отверга́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otvérgnutʹ",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "отве́ргнуть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otklonjátʹ",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "отклоня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otklonítʹ",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "отклони́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otkázyvatʹsja",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "отка́зываться"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otkazátʹsja",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "intransitive",
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "отказа́ться"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "diùlt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "rechazar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "säga nej till"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "word": "förkasta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vidxyljáty",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "відхиля́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vidxylýty",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "відхили́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vidmovljátysja",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "відмовля́тися"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vidmóvyty",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "відмо́вити"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vidkydáty",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "відкида́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 4 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vidkýnuty",
          "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "відки́нути"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 43 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 42 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 46 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Turn down the television so I can hear myself think.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "When it starts to boil, turn down the heat to a simmer.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light."
      ],
      "id": "en-turn_down-en-verb-Uc1dKOP7",
      "links": [
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power"
        ],
        [
          "control",
          "control"
        ],
        [
          "volume",
          "volume"
        ],
        [
          "heat",
          "heat"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ary",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "nqəṣ",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "Moroccan-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "نْقص"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "aii",
          "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
          "roman": "mākip",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "ܡܲܟܸܦ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "namaljavam",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "намалявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "abaixar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "disminuir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "reduir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "減少"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiǎnshǎo",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "减少"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "voice",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "hiljentää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "heat",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "alentaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "light",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "himmentää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "flow",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "vähentää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "baisser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "reduzieren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "herunterdrehen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "herunterregeln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "niedriger stellen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "verringern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "herunter stellen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "vermindern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "hu",
          "english": "sound",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "lehalkít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "hu",
          "english": "any switch or button",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "lejjebb vesz/kapcsol/csavar/teker"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "lecsavar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "note": "esp. light",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "tompít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "csökkent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "ísligh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "abbassare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "ściszać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "ściszyć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "abaixar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "diminuir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "reduzir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ubavljátʹ",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "убавля́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ubávitʹ",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "уба́вить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "umenʹšátʹ",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "уменьша́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "uménʹšitʹ",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "уме́ньшить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "smanjiti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "smanjivati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "disminuir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "reducir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "sänka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "dämpa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zménšuvaty",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "зме́ншувати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zménšyty",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "зме́ншити"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "pasaytirmoq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "wa",
          "english": "sound",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "baxhî"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "wa",
          "english": "quantity",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "rastrinde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "17 66 16",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "reduce amount",
          "word": "ravaler"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 43 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 42 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 36 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English phrasal verbs with particle (down)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 46 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Turn down the blankets to let them air out.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reposition by turning, flipping, etc. in a downward direction; to double or fold down."
      ],
      "id": "en-turn_down-en-verb-3MAla5DA",
      "links": [
        [
          "reposition",
          "reposition"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ],
        [
          "flip",
          "flip"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "double",
          "double"
        ],
        [
          "fold",
          "fold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To reposition by turning, flipping, etc. in a downward direction; to double or fold down."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100",
          "word": "turn over"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "En-au-turn down.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-au-turn_down.ogg/En-au-turn_down.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-au-turn_down.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "turn down"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"refuse\"",
      "word": "accept"
    },
    {
      "sense": "antonym(s) of \"reduce power\"",
      "word": "turn up"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English phrasal verbs",
    "English phrasal verbs with particle (down)",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Moroccan Arabic links with redundant target parameters"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "turns down",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turning down",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned down",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "turned down",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*"
      },
      "expansion": "turn down (third-person singular simple present turns down, present participle turning down, simple past and past participle turned down)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "turn over"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English idioms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He turned down all our offers of help.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 August 24, Paul Clifton, “Many disabled passengers are excluded from using the route”, in RAIL, number 964, page 29",
          "text": "Govia Thameslink Railway declined to comment on the study and turned down our request for an interview to address the issues raised.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To refuse, decline, or deny."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ],
        [
          "deny",
          "deny"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To refuse, decline, or deny."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English idioms",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Turn down the television so I can hear myself think.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "When it starts to boil, turn down the heat to a simmer.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power"
        ],
        [
          "control",
          "control"
        ],
        [
          "volume",
          "volume"
        ],
        [
          "heat",
          "heat"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English idioms",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Turn down the blankets to let them air out.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reposition by turning, flipping, etc. in a downward direction; to double or fold down."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reposition",
          "reposition"
        ],
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ],
        [
          "flip",
          "flip"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "double",
          "double"
        ],
        [
          "fold",
          "fold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(idiomatic) To reposition by turning, flipping, etc. in a downward direction; to double or fold down."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "En-au-turn down.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-au-turn_down.ogg/En-au-turn_down.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-au-turn_down.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "meržel",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "մերժել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otkazvam",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "отказвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "othvǎrljam",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "отхвърлям"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "rebutjar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "refusar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "拒絕"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jùjué",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "拒绝"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "回絕"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "huíjué",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "回绝"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "torjua"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "refuser"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "décliner"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "ablehnen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "absagen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "abweisen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "zurückweisen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "verweigern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "sich verweigern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "jemandem einen Korb geben"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "serév",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "סירב"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "elutasít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "visszautasít"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "rifiutare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ことわる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kotowaru",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "断る"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "negō"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "abnegō"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "odrzucać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "odrzucić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "recusar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "rejeitar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otvergátʹ",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отверга́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otvérgnutʹ",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отве́ргнуть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otklonjátʹ",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отклоня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otklonítʹ",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отклони́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otkázyvatʹsja",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отка́зываться"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otkazátʹsja",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отказа́ться"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "diùlt"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "rechazar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "säga nej till"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "word": "förkasta"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vidxyljáty",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "відхиля́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vidxylýty",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "відхили́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vidmovljátysja",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "відмовля́тися"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vidmóvyty",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "відмо́вити"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vidkydáty",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "відкида́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vidkýnuty",
      "sense": "refuse, decline, deny",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "відки́нути"
    },
    {
      "code": "ary",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "nqəṣ",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "Moroccan-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "نْقص"
    },
    {
      "code": "aii",
      "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
      "roman": "mākip",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "ܡܲܟܸܦ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "namaljavam",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "намалявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "abaixar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "disminuir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "reduir"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "減少"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiǎnshǎo",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "减少"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "voice",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "hiljentää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "heat",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "alentaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "light",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "himmentää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "flow",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "vähentää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "baisser"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "reduzieren"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "herunterdrehen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "herunterregeln"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "niedriger stellen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "verringern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "herunter stellen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "vermindern"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "english": "sound",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "lehalkít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "english": "any switch or button",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "lejjebb vesz/kapcsol/csavar/teker"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "lecsavar"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "note": "esp. light",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "tompít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "csökkent"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "ísligh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "abbassare"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ściszać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "ściszyć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "abaixar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "diminuir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "reduzir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ubavljátʹ",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "убавля́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ubávitʹ",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "уба́вить"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "umenʹšátʹ",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "уменьша́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "uménʹšitʹ",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "уме́ньшить"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "smanjiti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "smanjivati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "disminuir"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "reducir"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "sänka"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "dämpa"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zménšuvaty",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "зме́ншувати"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zménšyty",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "зме́ншити"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "pasaytirmoq"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "english": "sound",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "baxhî"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "english": "quantity",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "rastrinde"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "reduce amount",
      "word": "ravaler"
    }
  ],
  "word": "turn down"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.