"surfeit" meaning in English

See surfeit in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈsɜː.fɪt/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈsɝː.fɪt/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-surfeit.ogg [US] Forms: surfeits [plural]
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)fɪt Etymology: From Middle English surfeite, surfet, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman surfet, surfeit and Old French sorfet, sorfait, past participle of surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), from sur- (“over”) + faire (“to do”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|surfeite}} Middle English surfeite, {{m|enm|surfet}} surfet, {{der|en|xno|surfet}} Anglo-Norman surfet, {{m|fro|surfeit}} surfeit, {{der|en|fro|sorfet}} Old French sorfet, {{m|fro|sorfait}} sorfait, {{m|fro|surfaire||to augment, exaggerate, exceed}} surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), {{m|fro|sur-||over}} sur- (“over”), {{m|fro|faire||to do}} faire (“to do”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} surfeit (countable and uncountable, plural surfeits)
  1. (countable) An excessive amount of something. Tags: countable Synonyms (excessive amount of something): excess, glut, overabundance, superfluity, surplus, ug Translations (excessive amount of something): изли́шък (izlíšǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), excés [masculine] (Catalan), overflod [common-gender] (Danish), overdaad [feminine] (Dutch), overvloed [masculine] (Dutch), ylenpalttisuus (Finnish), liika (Finnish), yltäkylläisyys (Finnish), Übermaß [neuter] (German), anlucht [masculine] (Irish), eccesso [masculine] (Italian), sovrabbondanza [feminine] (Italian), изли́шек (izlíšek) [masculine] (Russian), избы́ток (izbýtok) [masculine] (Russian), надлишок (nadlyšok) [masculine] (Ukrainian), надмірність (nadmirnistʹ) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-noun-QxO5kuK- Disambiguation of 'excessive amount of something': 93 1 1 4 1 Disambiguation of 'excessive amount of something': 93 1 1 4 1
  2. (uncountable) Overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating. Tags: uncountable Synonyms (overindulgence in food or drink): gluttony, overeating, overindulgence Translations (overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating): преяждане (prejaždane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), mässäily (Finnish), Übersättigung [feminine] (German), abbuffata [feminine] (Italian), scorpacciata [feminine] (Italian), przejedzenie [neuter] (Polish), неуме́ренность (neumérennostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), изли́шество (izlíšestvo) [neuter] (Russian), обжо́рство (obžórstvo) [neuter] (Russian), переїдання (perejidannja) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-noun-eXpjcDgp Disambiguation of 'overindulgence in food or drink': 2 77 18 3 1 Disambiguation of 'overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating': 1 94 4 1 1
  3. (countable) A sickness or condition caused by overindulgence. Tags: countable Translations (sickness or condition caused by overindulgence): ἄση (ásē) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), empatx [masculine] (Catalan), ähky (Finnish), sazietà [feminine] (Italian), przesyt [masculine] (Polish)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-noun-iyhpZ2~a Disambiguation of 'sickness or condition caused by overindulgence': 1 4 88 6 1
  4. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms (disgust caused by excess): nausea Translations (disgust caused by excess; satiety): втръсване (vtrǎsvane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), ähky (Finnish), csömör (Hungarian), przesyt [masculine] (Polish), మొగచాటు (mogacāṭu) (Telugu)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-noun-r6MyNf0s Disambiguation of 'disgust caused by excess': 5 1 6 87 1 Disambiguation of 'disgust caused by excess; satiety': 2 1 4 93 1
  5. (countable) A group of skunks. Tags: countable
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-noun-h3vepQSz
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: surfeit water

Verb

IPA: /ˈsɜː.fɪt/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈsɝː.fɪt/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-surfeit.ogg [US] Forms: surfeits [present, singular, third-person], surfeiting [participle, present], surfeited [participle, past], surfeited [past]
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)fɪt Etymology: From Middle English surfeite, surfet, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman surfet, surfeit and Old French sorfet, sorfait, past participle of surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), from sur- (“over”) + faire (“to do”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|surfeite}} Middle English surfeite, {{m|enm|surfet}} surfet, {{der|en|xno|surfet}} Anglo-Norman surfet, {{m|fro|surfeit}} surfeit, {{der|en|fro|sorfet}} Old French sorfet, {{m|fro|sorfait}} sorfait, {{m|fro|surfaire||to augment, exaggerate, exceed}} surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), {{m|fro|sur-||over}} sur- (“over”), {{m|fro|faire||to do}} faire (“to do”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} surfeit (third-person singular simple present surfeits, present participle surfeiting, simple past and past participle surfeited)
  1. (transitive) To fill (something) to excess. Tags: transitive Synonyms: stuff Translations (to fill to excess): препълвам (prepǎlvam) (Bulgarian), натъпквам (natǎpkvam) (Bulgarian), переполня́ть (perepolnjátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), перепо́лнить (perepólnitʹ) [perfective] (Russian), colmar (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-DC3aMziu Disambiguation of 'to fill to excess': 21 16 0 16 16 17 14 0
  2. (transitive) To feed (someone) to excess (on, upon or with something). Tags: transitive Synonyms: glut, overfeed, stuff
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-P~2bswjN
  3. (transitive) To make (someone) sick as a result of overconsumption. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-B0s8gUXH
  4. (transitive, figurative) To supply (someone) with something to excess; to disgust (someone) through overabundance. Tags: figuratively, transitive Synonyms: cloy, glut
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-cGSTmuFF
  5. (transitive) To satisfy (someone's appetite) to excess (both literally and figuratively). Tags: transitive Synonyms: glut
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-SsGNZEgw
  6. (intransitive, reflexive) To overeat or feed to excess (on or upon something). Tags: intransitive, reflexive Synonyms: glut, indulge, overfeed, overindulge Translations (to overeat or feed to excess): преяждам (prejaždam) (Bulgarian), ylensyödä (Finnish), sich überfressen (German), объеда́ться (obʺjedátʹsja) [imperfective] (Russian), объе́сться (obʺjéstʹsja) [perfective] (Russian), перееда́ть (perejedátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), перее́сть (perejéstʹ) [perfective] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-~qEnbjMc Disambiguation of 'to overeat or feed to excess': 16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0
  7. (intransitive, reflexive, figurative) To indulge (in something) to excess. Tags: figuratively, intransitive, reflexive
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-uX~5HO77
  8. (intransitive, reflexive) To become sick from overindulgence (both literally and figuratively). Tags: intransitive, reflexive Translations (to sicken from overindulgence): втръсвам се (vtrǎsvam se) (Bulgarian), megcsömörlik (Hungarian), megcsömörödik (Hungarian)
    Sense id: en-surfeit-en-verb-Aj~l66cA Disambiguation of 'to sicken from overindulgence': 6 7 9 14 7 10 2 46
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: surfeiter Related terms: surfeiting, surfeitly, surfeitness, surfeitous Translations (to feed someone to excess): überfüttern (German), vollstopfen [slang] (German), перека́рмливать (perekármlivatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), перекорми́ть (perekormítʹ) [perfective] (Russian)
Disambiguation of 'to feed someone to excess': 16 19 0 16 16 18 15 0

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for surfeit meaning in English (23.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "surfeit water"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "surfeite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English surfeite",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "surfet",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman surfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfeit"
      },
      "expansion": "surfeit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sorfait"
      },
      "expansion": "sorfait",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfaire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to augment, exaggerate, exceed"
      },
      "expansion": "surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sur-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "over"
      },
      "expansion": "sur- (“over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "faire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "faire (“to do”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English surfeite, surfet, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman surfet, surfeit and Old French sorfet, sorfait, past participle of surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), from sur- (“over”) + faire (“to do”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "surfeits",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "surfeit (countable and uncountable, plural surfeits)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "A surfeit of wheat is driving down the price.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "26 January 2019, Kitty Empire [pseudonym], “The Streets review – the agony and ecstasy of a great everyman”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-08",
          "text": "With what could be a surfeit of candour, [Mike] Skinner has described DJing as more creative than playing his own songs, because, to paraphrase, of the \"stress\" and \"creativity\" of not knowing what he'll be doing in three minutes' time.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An excessive amount of something."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-noun-QxO5kuK-",
      "links": [
        [
          "excessive",
          "excessive"
        ],
        [
          "amount",
          "amount"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) An excessive amount of something."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "excess"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "glut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "overabundance"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "superfluity"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "surplus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "ug"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "izlíšǎk",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "изли́шък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "excés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "overflod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "overdaad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "overvloed"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "ylenpalttisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "liika"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "word": "yltäkylläisyys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Übermaß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "anlucht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "eccesso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sovrabbondanza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izlíšek",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "изли́шек"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izbýtok",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "избы́ток"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nadlyšok",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "надлишок"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "93 1 1 4 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "nadmirnistʹ",
          "sense": "excessive amount of something",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "надмірність"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-noun-eXpjcDgp",
      "links": [
        [
          "Overindulgence",
          "overindulgence"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food"
        ],
        [
          "drink",
          "drink"
        ],
        [
          "overeat",
          "overeat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) Overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 77 18 3 1",
          "sense": "overindulgence in food or drink",
          "word": "gluttony"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 77 18 3 1",
          "sense": "overindulgence in food or drink",
          "word": "overeating"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 77 18 3 1",
          "sense": "overindulgence in food or drink",
          "word": "overindulgence"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prejaždane",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "преяждане"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "word": "mässäily"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Übersättigung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "abbuffata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "scorpacciata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "przejedzenie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "neumérennostʹ",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "неуме́ренность"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izlíšestvo",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изли́шество"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obžórstvo",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "обжо́рство"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 94 4 1 1",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "perejidannja",
          "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "переїдання"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "King Henry I is said to have died of a surfeit of lampreys.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sickness or condition caused by overindulgence."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-noun-iyhpZ2~a",
      "links": [
        [
          "sickness",
          "sickness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A sickness or condition caused by overindulgence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 88 6 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "empatx"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 88 6 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
          "word": "ähky"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 88 6 1",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "ásē",
          "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ἄση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 88 6 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sazietà"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 4 88 6 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "przesyt"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Disgust caused by excess; satiety."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-noun-r6MyNf0s",
      "links": [
        [
          "satiety",
          "satiety"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 1 6 87 1",
          "sense": "disgust caused by excess",
          "word": "nausea"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 93 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vtrǎsvane",
          "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "втръсване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 93 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
          "word": "ähky"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 93 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
          "word": "csömör"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 93 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "przesyt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 4 93 1",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "mogacāṭu",
          "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
          "word": "మొగచాటు"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A group of skunks."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-noun-h3vepQSz",
      "links": [
        [
          "skunks",
          "skunks"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A group of skunks."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɜː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɝː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)fɪt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg/En-us-surfeit.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surfeit"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "surfeiter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "surfeite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English surfeite",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "surfet",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman surfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfeit"
      },
      "expansion": "surfeit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sorfait"
      },
      "expansion": "sorfait",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfaire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to augment, exaggerate, exceed"
      },
      "expansion": "surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sur-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "over"
      },
      "expansion": "sur- (“over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "faire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "faire (“to do”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English surfeite, surfet, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman surfet, surfeit and Old French sorfet, sorfait, past participle of surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), from sur- (“over”) + faire (“to do”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "surfeits",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surfeiting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surfeited",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surfeited",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surfeit (third-person singular simple present surfeits, present participle surfeiting, simple past and past participle surfeited)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "surfeiting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "surfeitly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "surfeitness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "surfeitous"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To fill (something) to excess."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-DC3aMziu",
      "links": [
        [
          "fill",
          "fill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To fill (something) to excess."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "21 16 0 16 16 17 14 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prepǎlvam",
          "sense": "to fill to excess",
          "word": "препълвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 16 0 16 16 17 14 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "natǎpkvam",
          "sense": "to fill to excess",
          "word": "натъпквам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 16 0 16 16 17 14 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "perepolnjátʹ",
          "sense": "to fill to excess",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "переполня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 16 0 16 16 17 14 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "perepólnitʹ",
          "sense": "to fill to excess",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "перепо́лнить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 16 0 16 16 17 14 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to fill to excess",
          "word": "colmar"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She surfeited her children on sweets.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1665, Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects, London: Henry Herringman, Reflection 10, page 186",
          "text": "[…] ev’n the wholsomest Meats may be surfeited on, and there is nothing more unhealthy, than to feed very well, and do but very little Exercise.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1906, O. Henry, “The Furnished Room”, in The Four Million, New York: A.L. Burt, page 240",
          "text": "To the door of this, the twelfth house whose bell he had rung, came a housekeeper who made him think of an unwholesome, surfeited worm that had eaten its nut to a hollow shell and now sought to fill the vacancy with edible lodgers.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1909, Arnold Bennett, The Old Wives’ Tale, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, Volume 1, Book 2, Chapter 8, section 1, p. 318",
          "text": "If he said of a dish, in the local tongue: “I could do a bit of that!” or if he simply smacked his lips over it, she would surfeit him with that dish.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feed (someone) to excess (on, upon or with something)."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-P~2bswjN",
      "links": [
        [
          "feed",
          "feed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To feed (someone) to excess (on, upon or with something)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "glut"
        },
        {
          "word": "overfeed"
        },
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1640, Thomas Fuller, Joseph’s Partie-Colored Coat, London: John Williams",
          "text": "[…] that proportion of meat surfetteth, and surchargeth the stomacks of some, which is not enough to satisfie the hunger of others,",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2 January 1755, George Colman, The Connoisseur, volume 1, number 49, London: R. Baldwin, page 299",
          "text": "[…] I imagine him poisoned by his wines, or surfeited by a favourite dish;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make (someone) sick as a result of overconsumption."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-B0s8gUXH",
      "links": [
        [
          "sick",
          "sick"
        ],
        [
          "overconsumption",
          "overconsumption"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make (someone) sick as a result of overconsumption."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1697, Aphra Behn, “On an ungrateful and undeserving Mistress, whom he cou’d not help Loving” in Poems upon Several Occasions, London: Francis Saunders, p. 50,\nWhile some glad Rival in her Arms did lye,\nGlutted with Love and surfeited with Joy."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1795, Richard Cumberland, Henry, London: Charles Dilly, Volume 4, Book 10, Chapter 3, p. 18",
          "text": "[…] he shan’t shut me up in this dismal castle, and nauseate me with his surfeiting fondness:",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1844 Jun, Charles Lever, chapter 53, in Tom Burke of “Ours”, volume 2, Dublin: William Curry, page 31",
          "text": "[…] I suppose his majesty thought we had enough of it on the field, and did not wish to surfeit us with glory.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1977, Susan Sontag, “The Heroism of Vision”, in On Photography, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 77",
          "text": "The image-surfeited are likely to find sunsets corny; they now look, alas, too much like photographs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To supply (someone) with something to excess; to disgust (someone) through overabundance."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-cGSTmuFF",
      "links": [
        [
          "supply",
          "supply"
        ],
        [
          "disgust",
          "disgust"
        ],
        [
          "overabundance",
          "overabundance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) To supply (someone) with something to excess; to disgust (someone) through overabundance."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cloy"
        },
        {
          "word": "glut"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1796, Maria Edgeworth, “The Mimic”, in The Parent’s Assistant; or, Stories for Children, volume 2, London: J. Johnson, page 98",
          "text": "[…] his appetite for vulgar praise had not yet been surfeited;",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1922, Lenore Richards, Nola Treat, chapter 2, in Quantity Cookery,, Boston: Little, Brown, page 8",
          "text": "Every one has had the experience of being served with more food than can be eaten with relish and without waste. The effect is to surfeit the appetite and to limit the variety which a patron may have,",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To satisfy (someone's appetite) to excess (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-SsGNZEgw",
      "links": [
        [
          "satisfy",
          "satisfy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To satisfy (someone's appetite) to excess (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "glut"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1917, R. L. Alsaker, chapter 16, in Maintaining Health, New York: Frank E. Morrison, page 174",
          "text": "Those who do not surfeit themselves do not weary quickly of any particular article of diet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To overeat or feed to excess (on or upon something)."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-~qEnbjMc",
      "links": [
        [
          "overeat",
          "overeat"
        ],
        [
          "feed",
          "feed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, reflexive) To overeat or feed to excess (on or upon something)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "glut"
        },
        {
          "word": "indulge"
        },
        {
          "word": "overfeed"
        },
        {
          "word": "overindulge"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prejaždam",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "word": "преяждам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "word": "ylensyödä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "word": "sich überfressen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obʺjedátʹsja",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "объеда́ться"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obʺjéstʹsja",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "объе́сться"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "perejedátʹ",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "перееда́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 17 0 15 15 23 14 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "perejéstʹ",
          "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "перее́сть"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1748, William Gilpin, A Dialogue upon the Gardens of the Right Honourable Viscount Cobham, at Stow in Buckinghamshire, London: B. Seeley, page 54",
          "text": "After surfeiting itself with the Feast here provided for it, the Eye, by using a little Exercise in travelling about the Country, grows hungry again, and returns to the Entertainment with fresh Appetite.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1869, Mark Twain, chapter 47, in The Innocents Abroad, Hartford, CT: American Publishing Company, page 496",
          "text": "[…] the intemperate zeal with which middle-aged men are apt to surfeit themselves upon a seductive folly which they have tasted for the first time.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To indulge (in something) to excess."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-uX~5HO77",
      "links": [
        [
          "indulge",
          "indulge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, reflexive, figurative) To indulge (in something) to excess."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1861, Herbert Spencer, chapter 4, in Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical,, London: Williams and Norgate, page 149",
          "text": "But are children to be allowed to surfeit themselves? Shall they be suffered to take their fill of dainties and make themselves ill, as they certainly will do?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become sick from overindulgence (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "id": "en-surfeit-en-verb-Aj~l66cA",
      "links": [
        [
          "sick",
          "sick"
        ],
        [
          "overindulgence",
          "overindulgence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, reflexive) To become sick from overindulgence (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 7 9 14 7 10 2 46",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vtrǎsvam se",
          "sense": "to sicken from overindulgence",
          "word": "втръсвам се"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 7 9 14 7 10 2 46",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to sicken from overindulgence",
          "word": "megcsömörlik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 7 9 14 7 10 2 46",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to sicken from overindulgence",
          "word": "megcsömörödik"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɜː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɝː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)fɪt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg/En-us-surfeit.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "16 19 0 16 16 18 15 0",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "word": "überfüttern"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "16 19 0 16 16 18 15 0",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "vollstopfen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "16 19 0 16 16 18 15 0",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perekármlivatʹ",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "перека́рмливать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "16 19 0 16 16 18 15 0",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perekormítʹ",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перекорми́ть"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surfeit"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "surfeit water"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "surfeite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English surfeite",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "surfet",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman surfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfeit"
      },
      "expansion": "surfeit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sorfait"
      },
      "expansion": "sorfait",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfaire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to augment, exaggerate, exceed"
      },
      "expansion": "surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sur-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "over"
      },
      "expansion": "sur- (“over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "faire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "faire (“to do”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English surfeite, surfet, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman surfet, surfeit and Old French sorfet, sorfait, past participle of surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), from sur- (“over”) + faire (“to do”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "surfeits",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "surfeit (countable and uncountable, plural surfeits)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "A surfeit of wheat is driving down the price.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "26 January 2019, Kitty Empire [pseudonym], “The Streets review – the agony and ecstasy of a great everyman”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-08",
          "text": "With what could be a surfeit of candour, [Mike] Skinner has described DJing as more creative than playing his own songs, because, to paraphrase, of the \"stress\" and \"creativity\" of not knowing what he'll be doing in three minutes' time.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An excessive amount of something."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "excessive",
          "excessive"
        ],
        [
          "amount",
          "amount"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) An excessive amount of something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Overindulgence",
          "overindulgence"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food"
        ],
        [
          "drink",
          "drink"
        ],
        [
          "overeat",
          "overeat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) Overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "King Henry I is said to have died of a surfeit of lampreys.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sickness or condition caused by overindulgence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sickness",
          "sickness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A sickness or condition caused by overindulgence."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Disgust caused by excess; satiety."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "satiety",
          "satiety"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A group of skunks."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skunks",
          "skunks"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) A group of skunks."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɜː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɝː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)fɪt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg/En-us-surfeit.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "excess"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "glut"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "overabundance"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "superfluity"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "surplus"
    },
    {
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "ug"
    },
    {
      "sense": "overindulgence in food or drink",
      "word": "gluttony"
    },
    {
      "sense": "overindulgence in food or drink",
      "word": "overeating"
    },
    {
      "sense": "overindulgence in food or drink",
      "word": "overindulgence"
    },
    {
      "sense": "disgust caused by excess",
      "word": "nausea"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "izlíšǎk",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "изли́шък"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "excés"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "overflod"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "overdaad"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "overvloed"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "ylenpalttisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "liika"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "word": "yltäkylläisyys"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Übermaß"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "anlucht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "eccesso"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sovrabbondanza"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izlíšek",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "изли́шек"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izbýtok",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "избы́ток"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nadlyšok",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "надлишок"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "nadmirnistʹ",
      "sense": "excessive amount of something",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "надмірність"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prejaždane",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "преяждане"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "word": "mässäily"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Übersättigung"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "abbuffata"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "scorpacciata"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "przejedzenie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "neumérennostʹ",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "неуме́ренность"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izlíšestvo",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изли́шество"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obžórstvo",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "обжо́рство"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "perejidannja",
      "sense": "overindulgence in either food or drink; overeating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "переїдання"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "empatx"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
      "word": "ähky"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "ásē",
      "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ἄση"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sazietà"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "sickness or condition caused by overindulgence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "przesyt"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vtrǎsvane",
      "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "втръсване"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
      "word": "ähky"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
      "word": "csömör"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "przesyt"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "mogacāṭu",
      "sense": "disgust caused by excess; satiety",
      "word": "మొగచాటు"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surfeit"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "surfeiter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "surfeite"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English surfeite",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "surfet",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "surfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman surfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfeit"
      },
      "expansion": "surfeit",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sorfet"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sorfet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sorfait"
      },
      "expansion": "sorfait",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "surfaire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to augment, exaggerate, exceed"
      },
      "expansion": "surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "sur-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "over"
      },
      "expansion": "sur- (“over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "faire",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "faire (“to do”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English surfeite, surfet, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman surfet, surfeit and Old French sorfet, sorfait, past participle of surfaire (“to augment, exaggerate, exceed”), from sur- (“over”) + faire (“to do”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "surfeits",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surfeiting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surfeited",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surfeited",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surfeit (third-person singular simple present surfeits, present participle surfeiting, simple past and past participle surfeited)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "surfeiting"
    },
    {
      "word": "surfeitly"
    },
    {
      "word": "surfeitness"
    },
    {
      "word": "surfeitous"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fill (something) to excess."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fill",
          "fill"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To fill (something) to excess."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She surfeited her children on sweets.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1665, Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects, London: Henry Herringman, Reflection 10, page 186",
          "text": "[…] ev’n the wholsomest Meats may be surfeited on, and there is nothing more unhealthy, than to feed very well, and do but very little Exercise.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1906, O. Henry, “The Furnished Room”, in The Four Million, New York: A.L. Burt, page 240",
          "text": "To the door of this, the twelfth house whose bell he had rung, came a housekeeper who made him think of an unwholesome, surfeited worm that had eaten its nut to a hollow shell and now sought to fill the vacancy with edible lodgers.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1909, Arnold Bennett, The Old Wives’ Tale, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, Volume 1, Book 2, Chapter 8, section 1, p. 318",
          "text": "If he said of a dish, in the local tongue: “I could do a bit of that!” or if he simply smacked his lips over it, she would surfeit him with that dish.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To feed (someone) to excess (on, upon or with something)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feed",
          "feed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To feed (someone) to excess (on, upon or with something)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "glut"
        },
        {
          "word": "overfeed"
        },
        {
          "word": "stuff"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1640, Thomas Fuller, Joseph’s Partie-Colored Coat, London: John Williams",
          "text": "[…] that proportion of meat surfetteth, and surchargeth the stomacks of some, which is not enough to satisfie the hunger of others,",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2 January 1755, George Colman, The Connoisseur, volume 1, number 49, London: R. Baldwin, page 299",
          "text": "[…] I imagine him poisoned by his wines, or surfeited by a favourite dish;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make (someone) sick as a result of overconsumption."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sick",
          "sick"
        ],
        [
          "overconsumption",
          "overconsumption"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make (someone) sick as a result of overconsumption."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1697, Aphra Behn, “On an ungrateful and undeserving Mistress, whom he cou’d not help Loving” in Poems upon Several Occasions, London: Francis Saunders, p. 50,\nWhile some glad Rival in her Arms did lye,\nGlutted with Love and surfeited with Joy."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1795, Richard Cumberland, Henry, London: Charles Dilly, Volume 4, Book 10, Chapter 3, p. 18",
          "text": "[…] he shan’t shut me up in this dismal castle, and nauseate me with his surfeiting fondness:",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1844 Jun, Charles Lever, chapter 53, in Tom Burke of “Ours”, volume 2, Dublin: William Curry, page 31",
          "text": "[…] I suppose his majesty thought we had enough of it on the field, and did not wish to surfeit us with glory.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1977, Susan Sontag, “The Heroism of Vision”, in On Photography, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 77",
          "text": "The image-surfeited are likely to find sunsets corny; they now look, alas, too much like photographs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To supply (someone) with something to excess; to disgust (someone) through overabundance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "supply",
          "supply"
        ],
        [
          "disgust",
          "disgust"
        ],
        [
          "overabundance",
          "overabundance"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) To supply (someone) with something to excess; to disgust (someone) through overabundance."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cloy"
        },
        {
          "word": "glut"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1796, Maria Edgeworth, “The Mimic”, in The Parent’s Assistant; or, Stories for Children, volume 2, London: J. Johnson, page 98",
          "text": "[…] his appetite for vulgar praise had not yet been surfeited;",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1922, Lenore Richards, Nola Treat, chapter 2, in Quantity Cookery,, Boston: Little, Brown, page 8",
          "text": "Every one has had the experience of being served with more food than can be eaten with relish and without waste. The effect is to surfeit the appetite and to limit the variety which a patron may have,",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To satisfy (someone's appetite) to excess (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "satisfy",
          "satisfy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To satisfy (someone's appetite) to excess (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "glut"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English reflexive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1917, R. L. Alsaker, chapter 16, in Maintaining Health, New York: Frank E. Morrison, page 174",
          "text": "Those who do not surfeit themselves do not weary quickly of any particular article of diet.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To overeat or feed to excess (on or upon something)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "overeat",
          "overeat"
        ],
        [
          "feed",
          "feed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, reflexive) To overeat or feed to excess (on or upon something)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "glut"
        },
        {
          "word": "indulge"
        },
        {
          "word": "overfeed"
        },
        {
          "word": "overindulge"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English reflexive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1748, William Gilpin, A Dialogue upon the Gardens of the Right Honourable Viscount Cobham, at Stow in Buckinghamshire, London: B. Seeley, page 54",
          "text": "After surfeiting itself with the Feast here provided for it, the Eye, by using a little Exercise in travelling about the Country, grows hungry again, and returns to the Entertainment with fresh Appetite.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1869, Mark Twain, chapter 47, in The Innocents Abroad, Hartford, CT: American Publishing Company, page 496",
          "text": "[…] the intemperate zeal with which middle-aged men are apt to surfeit themselves upon a seductive folly which they have tasted for the first time.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To indulge (in something) to excess."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "indulge",
          "indulge"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, reflexive, figurative) To indulge (in something) to excess."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English reflexive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1861, Herbert Spencer, chapter 4, in Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical,, London: Williams and Norgate, page 149",
          "text": "But are children to be allowed to surfeit themselves? Shall they be suffered to take their fill of dainties and make themselves ill, as they certainly will do?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become sick from overindulgence (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sick",
          "sick"
        ],
        [
          "overindulgence",
          "overindulgence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, reflexive) To become sick from overindulgence (both literally and figuratively)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɜː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɝː.fɪt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)fɪt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg/En-us-surfeit.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-surfeit.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prepǎlvam",
      "sense": "to fill to excess",
      "word": "препълвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "natǎpkvam",
      "sense": "to fill to excess",
      "word": "натъпквам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perepolnjátʹ",
      "sense": "to fill to excess",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "переполня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perepólnitʹ",
      "sense": "to fill to excess",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перепо́лнить"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to fill to excess",
      "word": "colmar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "word": "überfüttern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "vollstopfen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perekármlivatʹ",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "перека́рмливать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perekormítʹ",
      "sense": "to feed someone to excess",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перекорми́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prejaždam",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "word": "преяждам"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "word": "ylensyödä"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "word": "sich überfressen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obʺjedátʹsja",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "объеда́ться"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obʺjéstʹsja",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "объе́сться"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perejedátʹ",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "перееда́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "perejéstʹ",
      "sense": "to overeat or feed to excess",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перее́сть"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vtrǎsvam se",
      "sense": "to sicken from overindulgence",
      "word": "втръсвам се"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to sicken from overindulgence",
      "word": "megcsömörlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to sicken from overindulgence",
      "word": "megcsömörödik"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surfeit"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.