"robin" meaning in English

See robin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɹɒ.bɪn/ [UK], /ˈɹɑː.bɪn/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-robin.ogg [US] Forms: robins [plural]
Rhymes: -ɒbɪn Etymology: Short for robin redbreast. Also from Middle English robynet, robynett (“robin (bird)”), from the Middle English name Robynett, a diminutive of the Middle English name Robyn (“Robin”). ] ] Etymology templates: {{m|en|robin redbreast}} robin redbreast, {{der|en|enm|robynet}} Middle English robynet, {{m|enm|robynett|t=robin (bird)}} robynett (“robin (bird)”), {{m|enm|Robynett}} Robynett, {{m|enm|Robyn|t=Robin}} Robyn (“Robin”), {{taxfmt|Erithacus rubecula|species}} Erithacus rubecula, {{taxfmt|Turdus migratorius|species}} Turdus migratorius Head templates: {{en-noun}} robin (plural robins)
  1. Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.
    A European robin, Erithacus rubecula.
    Categories (lifeform): Australasian robins, Muscicapids, Thrushes Synonyms (the European robin): ruddock Translations (Erithacus rubecula): ἐρίθακος (eríthakos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), արշալուսիկ (aršalusik) (Armenian), raitán [masculine] (Asturian), şəfəq bülbülü (Azerbaijani), txantxangorri (Basque), малінаўка (malinaŭka) (Belarusian), boc'hruz (Breton), червеношийка (červenošijka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), pit-roig [masculine] (Catalan), ᏥᏍᏉᏉ (tsisquoquo) (Cherokee), 知更鳥 (Chinese Mandarin), 知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), 歐亞鴝 (Chinese Mandarin), 欧亚鸲 (ōuyàqú) (Chinese Mandarin), rudhek (Cornish), červenka [feminine] (Czech), rødhals (Danish), roodborstje [neuter] (Dutch), ruĝgorĝulo (Esperanto), rubekolo (Esperanto), punarind (Estonian), bringureyði [masculine] (Faroese), punarinta (Finnish), rouge-gorge [masculine] (French), rouge-gorge familier [masculine] (French), paporrubio (Galician), paporroibo (Galician), pisco (Galician), paifoco [masculine] (Galician), გულწითელა (gulc̣itela) (Georgian), Rotkehlchen [neuter] (German), κοκκινολαίμης (kokkinolaímis) [masculine] (Greek), אֲדֹם-הֶחָזֶה (adom-hekhazé) (Hebrew), vörösbegy (Hungarian), glóbrystingur [masculine] (Icelandic), spideog [feminine] (Irish), pettirosso [masculine] (Italian), ヨーロッパコマドリ (Yōroppa komadori) (Japanese), sarkanrīklīte (Latvian), liepsnelė (Lithuanian), sprjosk [masculine] (Lower Sorbian), pitirross (Maltese), rouoge-gorge [masculine] (Norman), rødstrupe (Norwegian Bokmål), raudstrupe (Norwegian Nynorsk), papach-rós (Occitan), barbarós (Occitan), rigal (Occitan), rudduc [masculine] (Old English), rudzik [masculine] (Polish), pisco-de-peito-ruivo [masculine] (Portuguese), gușă-roșie [feminine] (Romanian), măcăleandru [masculine] (Romanian), puppen cotschen [Rumantsch-Grischun, masculine] (Romansch), puppen tgietschen [Sursilvan, masculine] (Romansch), pupencotschen [Sutsilvan, masculine] (Romansch), poppen cotschen [Surmiran, masculine] (Romansch), gulacotschen [Puter, Vallander, masculine] (Romansch), заря́нка (zarjánka) [feminine] (Russian), мали́новка (malínovka) [feminine] (Russian), guovssoloddi (Sami), brù-dhearg (Scottish Gaelic), crvendać (Serbo-Croatian), červienka [feminine] (Slovak), taščica [feminine] (Slovene), petirrojo [masculine] (Spanish), rödhake (Swedish), kızılgerdan (Turkish), ročk [masculine] (Upper Sorbian), oanh (Vietnamese), oanh châu Âu (Vietnamese), redablötareitak (Volapük), reitak (english: Erithacus) (Volapük), rodje-goidje [feminine, masculine] (Walloon), loudene [feminine] (Walloon), robin goch [feminine] (Welsh), readboarstke (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-robin-en-noun-lZVR-d3f Disambiguation of Australasian robins: 37 37 2 24 Disambiguation of Muscicapids: 38 37 2 23 Disambiguation of Thrushes: 38 38 2 22 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 41 1 18 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 42 42 1 16 Disambiguation of 'the European robin': 71 29 0 Disambiguation of 'Erithacus rubecula': 72 28 0
  2. Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.
    An American robin, Turdus migratorius.
    Categories (lifeform): Australasian robins, Muscicapids, Thrushes Translations (Turdus migratorius): pitciw (Atikamekw), ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏥᏉᏉ (yvwanegv tsiquoquo) (Cherokee), 知更鳥 (Chinese Mandarin), 知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), peepee tsoo (peepee tsoo) (Cree), drozd stěhovavý [masculine] (Czech), šišoka (Dakota), vandredrossel [common-gender] (Danish), roodborstlijster [feminine] (Dutch), stroktrøstur [masculine] (Faroese), punarintarastas (Finnish), merle d’Amérique [masculine] (French), Wanderdrossel [feminine] (German), vándorrigó (Hungarian), farþröstur [masculine] (Icelandic), smólach imirce [masculine] (Irish), コマツグミ (komatsugumi) (Japanese), അമേരിക്കന് റോബിന് (amērikkanŭ ṟōbinŭ) (Malayalam), gapjagwej [animate] (Mi'kmaq), téél halchíʼí (Navajo), opichi (Ojibwe), drozd wędrowny (Polish), tordo americano [masculine] (Portuguese), стра́нствующий дрозд (stránstvujuščij drozd) [masculine] (Russian), vandringstrast (Swedish), cìbikína (Taos), Amerika nar bülbülü (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-robin-en-noun-YK91jeWW Disambiguation of Australasian robins: 37 37 2 24 Disambiguation of Muscicapids: 38 37 2 23 Disambiguation of Thrushes: 38 38 2 22 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 41 1 18 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 42 42 1 16 Disambiguation of 'Turdus migratorius': 27 73 0
  3. (historical) A trimming in front of a dress. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-robin-en-noun-C6UPcYvG
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms (all senses): redbreast, robin redbreast Translations (any bird called robin in English): ᏥᏍᏉᏉ (tsisquoquo) (Cherokee), 知更鳥 (Chinese Mandarin), 知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), grive [feminine] (French), pītoitoi (Maori), tordo [masculine] (Portuguese)

Noun

Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} robin (uncountable)
  1. (organic chemistry) A toxalbumin obtained from the locust tree. Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Organic compounds Categories (lifeform): Australasian robins, Muscicapids, Thrushes Derived forms: antirobin Related terms: robinin, round-robin
    Sense id: en-robin-en-noun-Up1UmiQn Disambiguation of Australasian robins: 37 37 2 24 Disambiguation of Muscicapids: 38 37 2 23 Disambiguation of Thrushes: 38 38 2 22 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 41 1 18 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 42 42 1 16 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, organic-chemistry, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for robin meaning in English (23.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Australasian robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cock-robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cock-robin shop"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "eastern yellow robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Japanese robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "magpie-robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mangrove robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Natal robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Peking robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Pekin robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ragged robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin-breast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin-chat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin dipper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin egg blue"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin redbreast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin-run-in-the-grass"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin-run-in-the-hedge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin-run-the-hedge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin snipe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "robin snow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rose robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "round robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "round-robin story"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rufous bush robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rufous scrub robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rufous-tailed scrub robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "scrub robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "sea robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wake robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wake-robin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "white-throated robin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "robin redbreast"
      },
      "expansion": "robin redbreast",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "robynet"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English robynet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "robynett",
        "t": "robin (bird)"
      },
      "expansion": "robynett (“robin (bird)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "Robynett"
      },
      "expansion": "Robynett",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "Robyn",
        "t": "Robin"
      },
      "expansion": "Robyn (“Robin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Erithacus rubecula",
        "2": "species"
      },
      "expansion": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Turdus migratorius",
        "2": "species"
      },
      "expansion": "Turdus migratorius",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Short for robin redbreast. Also from Middle English robynet, robynett (“robin (bird)”), from the Middle English name Robynett, a diminutive of the Middle English name Robyn (“Robin”).\n]\n]",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "robins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "robin (plural robins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rob‧in"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 41 1 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 42 1 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 37 2 24",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Australasian robins",
          "orig": "en:Australasian robins",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 37 2 23",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Muscicapids",
          "orig": "en:Muscicapids",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 38 2 22",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Thrushes",
          "orig": "en:Thrushes",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days",
          "text": "As they turned into Hertford Street they startled a robin from the poet's head on a barren fountain, and he fled away with a cameo note.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.",
        "A European robin, Erithacus rubecula."
      ],
      "id": "en-robin-en-noun-lZVR-d3f",
      "links": [
        [
          "passerine",
          "passerine"
        ],
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ],
        [
          "Muscicapidae",
          "Muscicapidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Turdidae",
          "Turdidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Petroicidae",
          "Petroicidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "European robin",
          "European robin"
        ],
        [
          "Erithacus rubecula",
          "Erithacus rubecula#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "71 29 0",
          "sense": "the European robin",
          "word": "ruddock"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "aršalusik",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "արշալուսիկ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "raitán"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "şəfəq bülbülü"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "txantxangorri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "malinaŭka",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "малінаўка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "boc'hruz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "červenošijka",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "червеношийка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pit-roig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "chr",
          "lang": "Cherokee",
          "roman": "tsisquoquo",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "ᏥᏍᏉᏉ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "知更鳥"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhīgēngniǎo",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "知更鸟"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "歐亞鴝"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "ōuyàqú",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "欧亚鸲"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "kw",
          "lang": "Cornish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "rudhek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "červenka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "rødhals"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "roodborstje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "ruĝgorĝulo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "rubekolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "punarind"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bringureyði"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "punarinta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rouge-gorge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rouge-gorge familier"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "paporrubio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "paporroibo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "pisco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paifoco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "gulc̣itela",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "გულწითელა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Rotkehlchen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "kokkinolaímis",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κοκκινολαίμης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "eríthakos",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ἐρίθακος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "adom-hekhazé",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "אֲדֹם-הֶחָזֶה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "vörösbegy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "glóbrystingur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spideog"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pettirosso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "Yōroppa komadori",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "ヨーロッパコマドリ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "sarkanrīklīte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "liepsnelė"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "pitirross"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rouoge-gorge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "rødstrupe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "raudstrupe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "papach-rós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "barbarós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "rigal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rudduc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rudzik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pisco-de-peito-ruivo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gușă-roșie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "măcăleandru"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "rm",
          "lang": "Romansch",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "Rumantsch-Grischun",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "puppen cotschen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "rm",
          "lang": "Romansch",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "Sursilvan",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "puppen tgietschen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "rm",
          "lang": "Romansch",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "Sutsilvan",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pupencotschen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "rm",
          "lang": "Romansch",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "Surmiran",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "poppen cotschen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "rm",
          "lang": "Romansch",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "Puter",
            "Vallander",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gulacotschen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zarjánka",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "заря́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "malínovka",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "мали́новка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "smi",
          "lang": "Sami",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "guovssoloddi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "brù-dhearg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "crvendać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "červienka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "taščica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sprjosk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "hsb",
          "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ročk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "petirrojo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "rödhake"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "kızılgerdan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "oanh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "oanh châu Âu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "redablötareitak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "vo",
          "english": "Erithacus",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "reitak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rodje-goidje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "loudene"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "robin goch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "72 28 0",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
          "word": "readboarstke"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 41 1 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 42 1 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 37 2 24",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Australasian robins",
          "orig": "en:Australasian robins",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 37 2 23",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Muscicapids",
          "orig": "en:Muscicapids",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 38 2 22",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Thrushes",
          "orig": "en:Thrushes",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.",
        "An American robin, Turdus migratorius."
      ],
      "id": "en-robin-en-noun-YK91jeWW",
      "links": [
        [
          "passerine",
          "passerine"
        ],
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ],
        [
          "Muscicapidae",
          "Muscicapidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Turdidae",
          "Turdidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Petroicidae",
          "Petroicidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "American robin",
          "American robin"
        ],
        [
          "Turdus migratorius",
          "Turdus migratorius#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "atj",
          "lang": "Atikamekw",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "pitciw"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "chr",
          "lang": "Cherokee",
          "roman": "yvwanegv tsiquoquo",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏥᏉᏉ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "知更鳥"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhīgēngniǎo",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "知更鸟"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "cr",
          "lang": "Cree",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "peepee tsoo (peepee tsoo)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "drozd stěhovavý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "dak",
          "lang": "Dakota",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "šišoka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "vandredrossel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "roodborstlijster"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stroktrøstur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "punarintarastas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "merle d’Amérique"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Wanderdrossel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "vándorrigó"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "farþröstur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "smólach imirce"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "komatsugumi",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "コマツグミ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "amērikkanŭ ṟōbinŭ",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "അമേരിക്കന് റോബിന്"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "mic",
          "lang": "Mi'kmaq",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "animate"
          ],
          "word": "gapjagwej"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "nv",
          "lang": "Navajo",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "téél halchíʼí"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "oj",
          "lang": "Ojibwe",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "opichi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "drozd wędrowny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tordo americano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stránstvujuščij drozd",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "стра́нствующий дрозд"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "vandringstrast"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "twf",
          "lang": "Taos",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "cìbikína"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "27 73 0",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
          "word": "Amerika nar bülbülü"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A trimming in front of a dress."
      ],
      "id": "en-robin-en-noun-C6UPcYvG",
      "links": [
        [
          "trimming",
          "trimming"
        ],
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A trimming in front of a dress."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɒ.bɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɑː.bɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒbɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-robin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-robin.ogg/En-us-robin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-robin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "34 34 31",
      "sense": "all senses",
      "word": "redbreast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "34 34 31",
      "sense": "all senses",
      "word": "robin redbreast"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "44 44 12",
      "code": "chr",
      "lang": "Cherokee",
      "roman": "tsisquoquo",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "ᏥᏍᏉᏉ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "44 44 12",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "知更鳥"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "44 44 12",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhīgēngniǎo",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "知更鸟"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "44 44 12",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "grive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "44 44 12",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "pītoitoi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "44 44 12",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tordo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "robin"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "robin (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Organic compounds",
          "orig": "en:Organic compounds",
          "parents": [
            "Matter",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 41 1 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 42 1 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 37 2 24",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Australasian robins",
          "orig": "en:Australasian robins",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 37 2 23",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Muscicapids",
          "orig": "en:Muscicapids",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 38 2 22",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Thrushes",
          "orig": "en:Thrushes",
          "parents": [
            "Perching birds",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "antirobin"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A toxalbumin obtained from the locust tree."
      ],
      "id": "en-robin-en-noun-Up1UmiQn",
      "links": [
        [
          "organic chemistry",
          "organic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "toxalbumin",
          "toxalbumin"
        ],
        [
          "locust tree",
          "locust tree"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(organic chemistry) A toxalbumin obtained from the locust tree."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "robinin"
        },
        {
          "word": "round-robin"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "organic-chemistry",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "robin"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for review of Albanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Belarusian translations",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Friulian translations",
    "Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
    "Requests for review of Ladin translations",
    "Requests for review of Low German translations",
    "Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
    "Requests for review of Maltese translations",
    "Requests for review of Occitan translations",
    "Requests for review of Romani translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Sardinian translations",
    "Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovak translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Requests for review of Ukrainian translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒbɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒbɪn/2 syllables",
    "en:Australasian robins",
    "en:Muscicapids",
    "en:Thrushes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Australasian robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "cock-robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "cock-robin shop"
    },
    {
      "word": "eastern yellow robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Japanese robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "magpie-robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "mangrove robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Natal robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Peking robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "Pekin robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "ragged robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin-breast"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin-chat"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin dipper"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin egg blue"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin redbreast"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin-run-in-the-grass"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin-run-in-the-hedge"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin-run-the-hedge"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin snipe"
    },
    {
      "word": "robin snow"
    },
    {
      "word": "rose robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "round robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "round-robin story"
    },
    {
      "word": "rufous bush robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "rufous scrub robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "rufous-tailed scrub robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "scrub robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "sea robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "wake robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "wake-robin"
    },
    {
      "word": "white-throated robin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "robin redbreast"
      },
      "expansion": "robin redbreast",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "robynet"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English robynet",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "robynett",
        "t": "robin (bird)"
      },
      "expansion": "robynett (“robin (bird)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "Robynett"
      },
      "expansion": "Robynett",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "Robyn",
        "t": "Robin"
      },
      "expansion": "Robyn (“Robin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Erithacus rubecula",
        "2": "species"
      },
      "expansion": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Turdus migratorius",
        "2": "species"
      },
      "expansion": "Turdus migratorius",
      "name": "taxfmt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Short for robin redbreast. Also from Middle English robynet, robynett (“robin (bird)”), from the Middle English name Robynett, a diminutive of the Middle English name Robyn (“Robin”).\n]\n]",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "robins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "robin (plural robins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rob‧in"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days",
          "text": "As they turned into Hertford Street they startled a robin from the poet's head on a barren fountain, and he fled away with a cameo note.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.",
        "A European robin, Erithacus rubecula."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "passerine",
          "passerine"
        ],
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ],
        [
          "Muscicapidae",
          "Muscicapidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Turdidae",
          "Turdidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Petroicidae",
          "Petroicidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "European robin",
          "European robin"
        ],
        [
          "Erithacus rubecula",
          "Erithacus rubecula#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.",
        "An American robin, Turdus migratorius."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "passerine",
          "passerine"
        ],
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ],
        [
          "Muscicapidae",
          "Muscicapidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Turdidae",
          "Turdidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Petroicidae",
          "Petroicidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "American robin",
          "American robin"
        ],
        [
          "Turdus migratorius",
          "Turdus migratorius#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A trimming in front of a dress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "trimming",
          "trimming"
        ],
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A trimming in front of a dress."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɒ.bɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɑː.bɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒbɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-robin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-robin.ogg/En-us-robin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-robin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "all senses",
      "word": "redbreast"
    },
    {
      "sense": "all senses",
      "word": "robin redbreast"
    },
    {
      "sense": "the European robin",
      "word": "ruddock"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "chr",
      "lang": "Cherokee",
      "roman": "tsisquoquo",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "ᏥᏍᏉᏉ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "知更鳥"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhīgēngniǎo",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "知更鸟"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "grive"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "word": "pītoitoi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any bird called robin in English",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tordo"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "aršalusik",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "արշալուսիկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "raitán"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "şəfəq bülbülü"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "txantxangorri"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "malinaŭka",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "малінаўка"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "boc'hruz"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "červenošijka",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "червеношийка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pit-roig"
    },
    {
      "code": "chr",
      "lang": "Cherokee",
      "roman": "tsisquoquo",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "ᏥᏍᏉᏉ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "知更鳥"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhīgēngniǎo",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "知更鸟"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "歐亞鴝"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "ōuyàqú",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "欧亚鸲"
    },
    {
      "code": "kw",
      "lang": "Cornish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "rudhek"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "červenka"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "rødhals"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "roodborstje"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "ruĝgorĝulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "rubekolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "punarind"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bringureyði"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "punarinta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rouge-gorge"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rouge-gorge familier"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "paporrubio"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "paporroibo"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "pisco"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paifoco"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "gulc̣itela",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "გულწითელა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Rotkehlchen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "kokkinolaímis",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κοκκινολαίμης"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "eríthakos",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ἐρίθακος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "adom-hekhazé",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "אֲדֹם-הֶחָזֶה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "vörösbegy"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "glóbrystingur"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spideog"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pettirosso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "Yōroppa komadori",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "ヨーロッパコマドリ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "sarkanrīklīte"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "liepsnelė"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "pitirross"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rouoge-gorge"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "rødstrupe"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "raudstrupe"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "papach-rós"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "barbarós"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "rigal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rudduc"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rudzik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pisco-de-peito-ruivo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gușă-roșie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "măcăleandru"
    },
    {
      "code": "rm",
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "Rumantsch-Grischun",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "puppen cotschen"
    },
    {
      "code": "rm",
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "Sursilvan",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "puppen tgietschen"
    },
    {
      "code": "rm",
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "Sutsilvan",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pupencotschen"
    },
    {
      "code": "rm",
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "Surmiran",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "poppen cotschen"
    },
    {
      "code": "rm",
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "Puter",
        "Vallander",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gulacotschen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zarjánka",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "заря́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "malínovka",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "мали́новка"
    },
    {
      "code": "smi",
      "lang": "Sami",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "guovssoloddi"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "brù-dhearg"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "crvendać"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "červienka"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "taščica"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sprjosk"
    },
    {
      "code": "hsb",
      "lang": "Upper Sorbian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ročk"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "petirrojo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "rödhake"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "kızılgerdan"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "oanh"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "oanh châu Âu"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "redablötareitak"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "english": "Erithacus",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "reitak"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rodje-goidje"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "loudene"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "robin goch"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "Erithacus rubecula",
      "word": "readboarstke"
    },
    {
      "code": "atj",
      "lang": "Atikamekw",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "pitciw"
    },
    {
      "code": "chr",
      "lang": "Cherokee",
      "roman": "yvwanegv tsiquoquo",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᏥᏉᏉ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "知更鳥"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhīgēngniǎo",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "知更鸟"
    },
    {
      "code": "cr",
      "lang": "Cree",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "peepee tsoo (peepee tsoo)"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "drozd stěhovavý"
    },
    {
      "code": "dak",
      "lang": "Dakota",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "šišoka"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "vandredrossel"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "roodborstlijster"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stroktrøstur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "punarintarastas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "merle d’Amérique"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Wanderdrossel"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "vándorrigó"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "farþröstur"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "smólach imirce"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "komatsugumi",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "コマツグミ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "amērikkanŭ ṟōbinŭ",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "അമേരിക്കന് റോബിന്"
    },
    {
      "code": "mic",
      "lang": "Mi'kmaq",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "animate"
      ],
      "word": "gapjagwej"
    },
    {
      "code": "nv",
      "lang": "Navajo",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "téél halchíʼí"
    },
    {
      "code": "oj",
      "lang": "Ojibwe",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "opichi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "drozd wędrowny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tordo americano"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stránstvujuščij drozd",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "стра́нствующий дрозд"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "vandringstrast"
    },
    {
      "code": "twf",
      "lang": "Taos",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "cìbikína"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "Turdus migratorius",
      "word": "Amerika nar bülbülü"
    }
  ],
  "word": "robin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Australasian robins",
    "en:Muscicapids",
    "en:Thrushes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "antirobin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "robin (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "robinin"
    },
    {
      "word": "round-robin"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Organic compounds"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A toxalbumin obtained from the locust tree."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "organic chemistry",
          "organic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "toxalbumin",
          "toxalbumin"
        ],
        [
          "locust tree",
          "locust tree"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(organic chemistry) A toxalbumin obtained from the locust tree."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "organic-chemistry",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "robin"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.