See pessimism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimism"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Afro-pessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cultural pessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ecopessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Judeopessimism"
}
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"2": "fr",
"3": "pessimisme"
},
"expansion": "French pessimisme",
"name": "uder"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la:pessimus",
"3": "-ism",
"t1": "worst"
},
"expansion": "Latin pessimus (“worst”) + -ism",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Pessimismus"
},
"expansion": "German Pessimismus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French pessimisme, from Latin pessimus (“worst”) + -ism, superlative of malus (“bad”).\nAs a doctrine, from German Pessimismus as used by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in 1819.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pessimisms",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
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"expansion": "pessimism (usually uncountable, plural pessimisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pessimist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pessimistic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn't disappoint”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "T2 isn’t as good as T1: it is a little too long and unwinds a bit into caper sentimentality, broad comedy and self-mythologising. But it has the same punchy energy, the same defiant pessimism, and there’s nothing around like it. This sequel was a high-wire act, but Boyle has made it to the other side.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A general belief that bad things will happen."
],
"id": "en-pessimism-en-noun-1bIVfsJD",
"links": [
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ezkortasun"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjesimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песімі́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pesimízǎm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песими́зъм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲觀情緒"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguān qíngxù",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲观情绪"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗesimizmi",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "პესიმიზმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apaisiodoxía",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απαισιοδοξία"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nirāśāvād",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निराशावाद"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "borúlátás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "ひかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲観"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "비관"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "hadtsiiw",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ᦣᧆᦋᦲᧁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pesimizam",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимизам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ngākau hākerekere"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "hākerekeretanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "badbini",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "بدبینی"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesymizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pesimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svartsyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimistlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pesymízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимі́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "bi quan"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "badim"
}
]
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],
"glosses": [
"The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds."
],
"id": "en-pessimism-en-noun-Fx5DeTfH",
"links": [
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōiraśśobad",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "নৈরাশ্যবাদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲观主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"alt": "ひかんしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikanshugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲観主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"alt": "えんせいしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseishugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"alt": "えんせいかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseikan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世観"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "pessimizm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "пессимизм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ümıtsızdık",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "үмітсіздік"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"alt": "厭世主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeomsejuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "염세주의"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"alt": "悲觀主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwanjuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "비관주의"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pesimijeum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "페시미즘"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nairāśyavādaṁ",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "നൈരാശ്യവാദം"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "iḻanampikkai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "இழநம்பிக்கை"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุทรรศนนิยม"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุนิยม"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"alt": "悲觀哲學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "bi quan triết học"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 5",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "badim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 50 44",
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"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 39 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 48 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The condition of being pessimal."
],
"id": "en-pessimism-en-noun-8TUh1MfG",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"pessimal",
"pessimal"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The condition of being pessimal."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Arthur Schopenhauer"
],
"word": "pessimism"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimism"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms suffixed with -ism",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lü translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Afro-pessimism"
},
{
"word": "cultural pessimism"
},
{
"word": "ecopessimism"
},
{
"word": "Judeopessimism"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "pessimisme"
},
"expansion": "French pessimisme",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la:pessimus",
"3": "-ism",
"t1": "worst"
},
"expansion": "Latin pessimus (“worst”) + -ism",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Pessimismus"
},
"expansion": "German Pessimismus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French pessimisme, from Latin pessimus (“worst”) + -ism, superlative of malus (“bad”).\nAs a doctrine, from German Pessimismus as used by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in 1819.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pessimisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "pessimism (usually uncountable, plural pessimisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pessimist"
},
{
"word": "pessimistic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn't disappoint”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "T2 isn’t as good as T1: it is a little too long and unwinds a bit into caper sentimentality, broad comedy and self-mythologising. But it has the same punchy energy, the same defiant pessimism, and there’s nothing around like it. This sequel was a high-wire act, but Boyle has made it to the other side.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A general belief that bad things will happen."
],
"links": [
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds."
],
"links": [
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"The condition of being pessimal."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"pessimal",
"pessimal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The condition of being pessimal."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav.mp3",
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ezkortasun"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjesimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песімі́зм"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pesimízǎm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песими́зъм"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲觀情緒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguān qíngxù",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲观情绪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗesimizmi",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "პესიმიზმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apaisiodoxía",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απαισιοδοξία"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nirāśāvād",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निराशावाद"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "borúlátás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"alt": "ひかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲観"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "비관"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "hadtsiiw",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ᦣᧆᦋᦲᧁ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pesimizam",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимизам"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ngākau hākerekere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "hākerekeretanga"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "badbini",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "بدبینی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesymizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pesimism"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pessimism"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svartsyn"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimistlik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pesymízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимі́зм"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "bi quan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "badim"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōiraśśobad",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "নৈরাশ্যবাদ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲观主义"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimisme"
},
{
"alt": "ひかんしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikanshugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲観主義"
},
{
"alt": "えんせいしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseishugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世主義"
},
{
"alt": "えんせいかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseikan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世観"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "pessimizm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "пессимизм"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ümıtsızdık",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "үмітсіздік"
},
{
"alt": "厭世主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeomsejuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "염세주의"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwanjuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "비관주의"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pesimijeum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "페시미즘"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nairāśyavādaṁ",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "നൈരാശ്യവാദം"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "iḻanampikkai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "இழநம்பிக்கை"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุทรรศนนิยม"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุนิยม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀哲學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "bi quan triết học"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "badim"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Arthur Schopenhauer"
],
"word": "pessimism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pessimism meaning in English (15.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.