See pessimism on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pessimism meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimism"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Afro-pessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cultural pessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ecopessimism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "pessimisme"
},
"expansion": "French pessimisme",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pessimus",
"4": "",
"5": "worst"
},
"expansion": "Latin pessimus (“worst”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "malus (“bad”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Pessimismus"
},
"expansion": "German Pessimismus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French pessimisme, from Latin pessimus (“worst”), superlative of malus (“bad”).\nAs a doctrine, from German Pessimismus as used by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in 1819.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pessimisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "pessimism (usually uncountable, plural pessimisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pessimist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pessimistic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A general belief that bad things will happen."
],
"id": "en-pessimism-en-noun-1bIVfsJD",
"links": [
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ezkortasun"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjesimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песімі́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pesimízǎm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песими́зъм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲觀情緒"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguān qíngxù",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲观情绪"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗesimizmi",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "პესიმიზმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apaisiodoxía",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απαισιοδοξία"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nirāśāvād",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निराशावाद"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "borúlátás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "ひかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲観"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "비관"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "hadtsiiw",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ᦣᧆᦋᦲᧁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pesimizam",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимизам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ngākau hākerekere"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "hākerekeretanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "badbini",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "بدبینی"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesymizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pesimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pessimism"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svartsyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimistlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pesymízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимі́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "bi quan"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "badim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 55 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "9 47 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "7 45 48",
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],
"glosses": [
"The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds."
],
"id": "en-pessimism-en-noun-Fx5DeTfH",
"links": [
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōiraśśobad",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "নৈরাশ্যবাদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲观主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"alt": "ひかんしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikanshugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲観主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"alt": "えんせいしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseishugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"alt": "えんせいかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseikan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世観"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "pessimizm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "пессимизм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ümıtsızdık",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "үмітсіздік"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"alt": "厭世主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeomsejuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "염세주의"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"alt": "悲觀主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwanjuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "비관주의"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pesimijeum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "페시미즘"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nairāśyavādaṁ",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "നൈരാശ്യവാദം"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "iḻanampikkai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "இழநம்பிக்கை"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุทรรศนนิยม"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุนิยม"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"alt": "悲觀哲學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "bi quan triết học"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "badim"
}
]
},
{
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 45 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The condition of being pessimal."
],
"id": "en-pessimism-en-noun-8TUh1MfG",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"pessimal",
"pessimal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The condition of being pessimal."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Arthur Schopenhauer",
"Philosophical pessimism",
"pessimism"
],
"word": "pessimism"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-noun-unc-irreg-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimism",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimismen",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimisms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
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},
{
"form": "pessimismens",
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"definite",
"genitive",
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]
}
],
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"sort": ""
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"expansion": "pessimism c",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "pessimism c",
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"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"8": "-",
"base": "pessimism",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common",
"uncountable": "yes"
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}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimism"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pessimism; a general belief that bad things will happen"
],
"id": "en-pessimism-sv-noun-jODGX3fK",
"links": [
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism#English"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
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],
"related": [
{
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{
"word": "pessimistisk"
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
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}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimism"
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],
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms suffixed with -ism",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Afro-pessimism"
},
{
"word": "cultural pessimism"
},
{
"word": "ecopessimism"
}
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{
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"4": "",
"5": "worst"
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{
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Pessimismus"
},
"expansion": "German Pessimismus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French pessimisme, from Latin pessimus (“worst”), superlative of malus (“bad”).\nAs a doctrine, from German Pessimismus as used by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in 1819.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pessimisms",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
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{
"word": "pessimistic"
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],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A general belief that bad things will happen."
],
"links": [
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
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],
"tags": [
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"usually"
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},
{
"glosses": [
"The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds."
],
"links": [
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"The condition of being pessimal."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"pessimal",
"pessimal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The condition of being pessimal."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pessimism.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ezkortasun"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjesimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песімі́зм"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pesimízǎm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песими́зъм"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲觀情緒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguān qíngxù",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲观情绪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗesimizmi",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "პესიმიზმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apaisiodoxía",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απαισιοδοξία"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nirāśāvād",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निराशावाद"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "borúlátás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"alt": "ひかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "悲観"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwan",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "비관"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "hadtsiiw",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ᦣᧆᦋᦲᧁ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pesimizam",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимизам"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "ngākau hākerekere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "hākerekeretanga"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "badbini",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "بدبینی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesymizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pesimism"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pessimism"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svartsyn"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "pesimistlik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pesymízm",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимі́зм"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "bi quan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "general belief that bad things will happen",
"word": "badim"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tašāʔum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَشَاؤُم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hoṙetesutʻyun",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "հոռետեսություն"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōiraśśobad",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "নৈরাশ্যবাদ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲觀主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiguānzhǔyì",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲观主义"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pessimismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimisme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimismo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pessimismus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesszimizmus"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimisme"
},
{
"alt": "ひかんしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikanshugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "悲観主義"
},
{
"alt": "えんせいしゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseishugi",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世主義"
},
{
"alt": "えんせいかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "enseikan",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "厭世観"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "pessimizm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "пессимизм"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ümıtsızdık",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "үмітсіздік"
},
{
"alt": "厭世主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "yeomsejuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "염세주의"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigwanjuui",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "비관주의"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pesimijeum",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "페시미즘"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "nairāśyavādaṁ",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "നൈരാശ്യവാദം"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pessimismo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pessimízm",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пессими́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "песимѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pesimìzam"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "iḻanampikkai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "இழநம்பிக்கை"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุทรรศนนิยม"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "ทุนิยม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "pesimizm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "kötümserlik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "karamsarlık"
},
{
"alt": "悲觀哲學",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "bi quan triết học"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds",
"word": "badim"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Arthur Schopenhauer",
"Philosophical pessimism",
"pessimism"
],
"word": "pessimism"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-noun-unc-irreg-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimism",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimismen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimisms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"form": "pessimismens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pessimism c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "pessimism c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pessimism",
"2": "pessimismen",
"3": "-",
"4": "-",
"5": "pessimisms",
"6": "pessimismens",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"base": "pessimism",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common",
"uncountable": "yes"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pessimist"
},
{
"word": "pessimistisk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "optimism"
}
],
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Swedish nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"pessimism; a general belief that bad things will happen"
],
"links": [
[
"pessimism",
"pessimism#English"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"happen",
"happen"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "pessimism"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.