See nightingale in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for nightingale meaning in English (31.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nyghtyngale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English nyghtyngale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nihtegala"
},
"expansion": "Old English nihtegala",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*nahtigalā",
"4": "",
"5": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *nahtigalā (“nightingale”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "night",
"3": "gale"
},
"expansion": "night + gale",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Noachtegoal",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Noachtegoal (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "nachtegaal",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Dutch nachtegaal (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Nachtigall",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Low German Nachtigall (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Nachtigall",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "German Nachtigall (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "nattergal",
"3": "",
"4": "thrush nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Danish nattergal (“thrush nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "näktergal",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Swedish näktergal (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "næturgali",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic næturgali (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English nyghtyngale, nightingale, niȝtingale, alteration (with intrusive n) of nyghtgale, nightegale, from Old English nihtegala, nihtegale (“nightingale; night-raven”, literally “night-singer”), from Proto-West Germanic *nahtigalā (“nightingale”), equivalent to night + gale. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Noachtegoal (“nightingale”), Dutch nachtegaal (“nightingale”), Low German Nachtigall (“nightingale”), German Nachtigall (“nightingale”), Danish nattergal (“thrush nightingale”), Swedish näktergal (“nightingale”), Icelandic næturgali (“nightingale”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nightingales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nightingale (plural nightingales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Baluchi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chechen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chuvash translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gujarati translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kumyk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lezgi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ligurian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Moksha translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romansch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Svan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Udmurt translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Muscicapids",
"orig": "en:Muscicapids",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Ceylon nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Chinese nightingale"
},
{
"word": "common nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Dutch nightingale"
},
{
"word": "fen nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Indian nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Irish nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Japanese nightingale"
},
{
"word": "mock nightingale"
},
{
"word": "nightingale finch"
},
{
"word": "nightingale floor"
},
{
"word": "nightingale of the East"
},
{
"word": "Palestine nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Persian nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Scotch nightingale"
},
{
"word": "thrush nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Virginia nightingale"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Nightingales have been spotted in this coppice.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You sing like a nightingale, sport!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page v",
"text": "Some admired the external beauties of the objects they beheld, like the nightingale in love with the roſe.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2",
"text": "And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine\nHigh piping Péhlevi, with \"Wine! Wine! Wine!\nRed Wine!\" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose\nThat yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter XXII, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, published 1940, page 222",
"text": "The air, too, was heavy with perfume, and a nightingale, high in the heavens, gave out a cheery song of welcome.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Eurasian and African songbird, Luscinia megarhynchos, family Muscicapidae, famed for its beautiful singing at night; a common nightingale."
],
"id": "en-nightingale-en-noun-yd~81Xr1",
"links": [
[
"songbird",
"songbird"
],
[
"Luscinia megarhynchos",
"Luscinia megarhynchos#Translingual"
],
[
"Muscicapidae",
"Muscicapidae#Translingual"
],
[
"common nightingale",
"common nightingale"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "philomel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bilbil"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕandalīb",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَنْدَلِيب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܥܢܕܐ"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܐܗܕܘܢ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "soxak",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "սոխակ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruiseñor"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reiseñor"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "rosiñor"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bülbül"
},
{
"code": "bal",
"lang": "Baluchi",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "handuğas",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "һандуғас"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "bılbıl",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "былбыл"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "urretxindor"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "salavjéj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "салаве́й"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eostig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slávej",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла́вей"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "nya.te:sihngak",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ညတေးသီငှက်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossinyol"
},
{
"code": "tzm",
"lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight",
"roman": "asuddr",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ⴰⵙⵓⴷⴷⵔ"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "cʼir-cʼir",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "цӏир-цӏир"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "夜鶯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yèyīng",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "夜莺"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "šăpčăk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "шӑпчӑк"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bülbül"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slavík"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sydlig nattergal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nachtegaal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "najtingalo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ööbik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "suðurnáttargali"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "etelänsatakieli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossignol philomèle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossignol"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "russignol"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "rusignűl"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "usignűl"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reiseñor"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rousinol"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bulbuli",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ბულბული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nachtigall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aïdóni",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αηδόνι"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "birmpíli",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπιρμπίλι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "aēdṓn",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀηδών"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "બુલબુલ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "זָמִיר"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बुलबुल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "andlīb",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अंदलीब"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hajārdāstā̃",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हजारदास्ताँ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "csalogány"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "fülemüle"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "næturgali"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "naktigalo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bulbul"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "sisava"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "filiméala"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "usignolo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sayonakidori",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "サヨナキドリ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būlbūl",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "бұлбұл"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "koľipkaj",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "колипкай"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "naitinggeil",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "나이팅게일"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "bülbül",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "бюлбюл"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bilbil"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "булбул"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "roscignol"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nok lō sī nyōn",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ນົກໂລຊີໂຍນ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "laksteigola"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luscinia"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lakstīgala"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "bilbil",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "билбил"
},
{
"code": "lij",
"lang": "Ligurian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roscigneu"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lakštingala"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nachtegall"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nuechtegailchen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "slávej",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла́веј"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "biljbilj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "биљбиљ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bulbul"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rożinjol"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rużinjol"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "šüšpyk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "шӱшпык"
},
{
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "šÿžvÿk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "шӹжвӹк"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "mapšalia",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "მაფშალია"
},
{
"code": "mdf",
"lang": "Moksha",
"roman": "ćofks",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "цёфкс"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gurgaldaj",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "гургалдай"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossîngno"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sørnattergal"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sørnattergal"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossinhòl"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nihtegale"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bülbül",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ʿandelib",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "عندلیب"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bolbol",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "hazârdastân",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "هزاردستان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šabâhang",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "شباهنگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "słowik rdzawy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "słowik"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rouxinol"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiriklo-ratiako"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chirikli-ratiaki"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privighetoare"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "luschaina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solovéj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "солове́й"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "lulličuohtegielaš"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "arrissiuolu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "arrassanajolu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "passirillanti"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spideag"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beul-binn"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̑лӣ сла̀вӯј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла̀вӯј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mȃlī slàvūj"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "slàvūj"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slávik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slavec"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "syłojk"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "syłojik"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "syłojašk"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sołobik"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "sandïk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "сандык"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruiseñor"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "məlētil",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "მჷლე̄თილ"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "xälid",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ხა̈ლიდ"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sydnäktergal"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ruwisenyor"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "булбул"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "andaleb",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "андалеб"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "bılbıl",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "былбыл"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "sanduğaç",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "сандугач"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nók nai-dting-gayn",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "นกไนติงเกล"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bülbül"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bilbil"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "učy",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "уӵы"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "solovéjko",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "солове́йко"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "solovéj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "солове́й"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بۇلبۇل"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bulbul"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "dạ oanh"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "galit"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "eos"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "eosiaid"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "geal"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "solovey",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סאָלאָוויי"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bılbıl (diq)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-nightingale.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg/En-us-nightingale.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nightingale"
],
"word": "nightingale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Named after Florence Nightingale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nightingales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nightingale (plural nightingales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of flannel scarf with sleeves, formerly worn by invalids when sitting up in bed."
],
"id": "en-nightingale-en-noun-Fs1KVyyY",
"links": [
[
"flannel",
"flannel"
],
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
],
[
"sleeve",
"sleeve"
],
[
"invalid",
"invalid"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-nightingale.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg/En-us-nightingale.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Florence Nightingale",
"nightingale"
],
"word": "nightingale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for gender in Friulian entries",
"Requests for gender in Ladin entries",
"Requests for gender in Romansch entries",
"Requests for gender in Sardinian entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Baluchi translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Chuvash translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Gujarati translations",
"Terms with Gulf Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kumyk translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Ligurian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"Terms with Moksha translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romani translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Svan translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Western Mari translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"en:Muscicapids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Ceylon nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Chinese nightingale"
},
{
"word": "common nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Dutch nightingale"
},
{
"word": "fen nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Indian nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Irish nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Japanese nightingale"
},
{
"word": "mock nightingale"
},
{
"word": "nightingale finch"
},
{
"word": "nightingale floor"
},
{
"word": "nightingale of the East"
},
{
"word": "Palestine nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Persian nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Scotch nightingale"
},
{
"word": "thrush nightingale"
},
{
"word": "Virginia nightingale"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nyghtyngale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English nyghtyngale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nihtegala"
},
"expansion": "Old English nihtegala",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*nahtigalā",
"4": "",
"5": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *nahtigalā (“nightingale”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "night",
"3": "gale"
},
"expansion": "night + gale",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Noachtegoal",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Noachtegoal (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "nachtegaal",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Dutch nachtegaal (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Nachtigall",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Low German Nachtigall (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Nachtigall",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "German Nachtigall (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "nattergal",
"3": "",
"4": "thrush nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Danish nattergal (“thrush nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "näktergal",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Swedish näktergal (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "næturgali",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic næturgali (“nightingale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English nyghtyngale, nightingale, niȝtingale, alteration (with intrusive n) of nyghtgale, nightegale, from Old English nihtegala, nihtegale (“nightingale; night-raven”, literally “night-singer”), from Proto-West Germanic *nahtigalā (“nightingale”), equivalent to night + gale. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Noachtegoal (“nightingale”), Dutch nachtegaal (“nightingale”), Low German Nachtigall (“nightingale”), German Nachtigall (“nightingale”), Danish nattergal (“thrush nightingale”), Swedish näktergal (“nightingale”), Icelandic næturgali (“nightingale”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nightingales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nightingale (plural nightingales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Nightingales have been spotted in this coppice.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You sing like a nightingale, sport!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page v",
"text": "Some admired the external beauties of the objects they beheld, like the nightingale in love with the roſe.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2",
"text": "And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine\nHigh piping Péhlevi, with \"Wine! Wine! Wine!\nRed Wine!\" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose\nThat yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter XXII, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, published 1940, page 222",
"text": "The air, too, was heavy with perfume, and a nightingale, high in the heavens, gave out a cheery song of welcome.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Eurasian and African songbird, Luscinia megarhynchos, family Muscicapidae, famed for its beautiful singing at night; a common nightingale."
],
"links": [
[
"songbird",
"songbird"
],
[
"Luscinia megarhynchos",
"Luscinia megarhynchos#Translingual"
],
[
"Muscicapidae",
"Muscicapidae#Translingual"
],
[
"common nightingale",
"common nightingale"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-nightingale.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg/En-us-nightingale.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "philomel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bilbil"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕandalīb",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَنْدَلِيب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܥܢܕܐ"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac"
],
"word": "ܐܗܕܘܢ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "soxak",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "սոխակ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruiseñor"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reiseñor"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "rosiñor"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bülbül"
},
{
"code": "bal",
"lang": "Baluchi",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "handuğas",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "һандуғас"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "bılbıl",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "былбыл"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "urretxindor"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "salavjéj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "салаве́й"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eostig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slávej",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла́вей"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "nya.te:sihngak",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ညတေးသီငှက်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossinyol"
},
{
"code": "tzm",
"lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight",
"roman": "asuddr",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ⴰⵙⵓⴷⴷⵔ"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "cʼir-cʼir",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "цӏир-цӏир"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "夜鶯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yèyīng",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "夜莺"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "šăpčăk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "шӑпчӑк"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bülbül"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slavík"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sydlig nattergal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nachtegaal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "najtingalo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ööbik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "suðurnáttargali"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "etelänsatakieli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossignol philomèle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossignol"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "russignol"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "rusignűl"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "usignűl"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reiseñor"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rousinol"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bulbuli",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ბულბული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nachtigall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aïdóni",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αηδόνι"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "birmpíli",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπιρμπίλι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "aēdṓn",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀηδών"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "બુલબુલ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "זָמִיר"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बुलबुल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "andlīb",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अंदलीब"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hajārdāstā̃",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हजारदास्ताँ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "csalogány"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "fülemüle"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "næturgali"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "naktigalo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bulbul"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "sisava"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "filiméala"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "usignolo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sayonakidori",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "サヨナキドリ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būlbūl",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "бұлбұл"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "koľipkaj",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "колипкай"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "naitinggeil",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "나이팅게일"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "bülbül",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "бюлбюл"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bilbil"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "булбул"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "roscignol"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nok lō sī nyōn",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ນົກໂລຊີໂຍນ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "laksteigola"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luscinia"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lakstīgala"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "bilbil",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "билбил"
},
{
"code": "lij",
"lang": "Ligurian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roscigneu"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lakštingala"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nachtegall"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nuechtegailchen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "slávej",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла́веј"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "biljbilj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "биљбиљ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bulbul"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rożinjol"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rużinjol"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "šüšpyk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "шӱшпык"
},
{
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "šÿžvÿk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "шӹжвӹк"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "mapšalia",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "მაფშალია"
},
{
"code": "mdf",
"lang": "Moksha",
"roman": "ćofks",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "цёфкс"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "gurgaldaj",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "гургалдай"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossîngno"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sørnattergal"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sørnattergal"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rossinhòl"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nihtegale"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bülbül",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ʿandelib",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "عندلیب"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bolbol",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "hazârdastân",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "هزاردستان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šabâhang",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "شباهنگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "słowik rdzawy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "słowik"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rouxinol"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiriklo-ratiako"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chirikli-ratiaki"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privighetoare"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "luschaina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solovéj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "солове́й"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "lulličuohtegielaš"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "arrissiuolu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "arrassanajolu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "passirillanti"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spideag"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beul-binn"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̑лӣ сла̀вӯј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сла̀вӯј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mȃlī slàvūj"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "slàvūj"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slávik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slavec"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "syłojk"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "syłojik"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "syłojašk"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sołobik"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "sandïk",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "сандык"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruiseñor"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "məlētil",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "მჷლე̄თილ"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "xälid",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ხა̈ლიდ"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sydnäktergal"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ruwisenyor"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "булбул"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "andaleb",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "андалеб"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "bılbıl",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "былбыл"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "sanduğaç",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "сандугач"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nók nai-dting-gayn",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "นกไนติงเกล"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bülbül"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bilbil"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "učy",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "уӵы"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "solovéjko",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "солове́йко"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "solovéj",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "солове́й"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بلبل"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bulbul",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "بۇلبۇل"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bulbul"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "dạ oanh"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "galit"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "eos"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "eosiaid"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "geal"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "solovey",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "סאָלאָוויי"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bılbıl (diq)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nightingale"
],
"word": "nightingale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:Muscicapids"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Named after Florence Nightingale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nightingales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nightingale (plural nightingales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A kind of flannel scarf with sleeves, formerly worn by invalids when sitting up in bed."
],
"links": [
[
"flannel",
"flannel"
],
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
],
[
"sleeve",
"sleeve"
],
[
"invalid",
"invalid"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-nightingale.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg/En-us-nightingale.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-us-nightingale.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Florence Nightingale",
"nightingale"
],
"word": "nightingale"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.