See mutation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "animutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "antimutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aspirate mutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "backmutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ectomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "endomutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "epimutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "extramutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frameshift mutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hard mutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heteromutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "homomutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypermutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypomutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "i-mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intermutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intramutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intromutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "macromutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "macromutational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "macromutationism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "macromutationist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "megamutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mesomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "micromutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "micromutational"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "micromutationism"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "micromutationist"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "missense mutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mixed mutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multimutation"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutationally"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutationism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutationist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutationless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutation pressure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nasal mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "neomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonmutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonsense mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oncomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "paramutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pentamutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "phosphomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "point mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "postmutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "premutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "radiomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "remutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "retromutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "silent mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soft mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spirant mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stem mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stereomutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ultramutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vowel mutation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mutacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mutacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mūtātiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin mūtātiō",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mutacion"
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"expansion": "Old French mutacion",
"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "Late 14th century as Middle English mutacioun, from Latin mūtātiō, both directly and via Old French mutacion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mutations",
"tags": [
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"expansion": "mutation (countable and uncountable, plural mutations)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypermutate"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypermutated"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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{
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutability"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutable"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutafacient"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutagen"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutagenesis"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutagenetic"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutagenic"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutant"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutatability"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutatable"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutate"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutated"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutator"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mutatory"
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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{
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-mutation-en-noun-1MsLL-xN",
"links": [
[
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[
"change",
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmenenie",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изменение"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "muutos"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metállaxi",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μετάλλαξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "mutasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "irakētanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "iranoitanga"
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{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"class-6"
],
"word": "mabadiliko"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 14 1 4 0 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "newid"
}
]
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"langcode": "en",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, archived from the original on 2013-08-14:",
"text": "Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.",
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],
"glosses": [
"Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material."
],
"id": "en-mutation-en-noun-5eLq2JoI",
"links": [
[
"genetics",
"genetics"
],
[
"heritable",
"heritable"
],
[
"genetic material",
"genetic material"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(genetics) Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"genetics",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭafra",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "طَفْرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mutacʻia",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "մուտացիա"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutación"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutazio"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mutácyja",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мута́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mutacija",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мутация"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutació"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tūbiàn",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "突變 /突变"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biànzhǒng",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "變種 /变种"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutace"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "geenimuutos"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutación"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "muṭacia",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "მუტაცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metállaxi",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μετάλλαξη"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mutátsya",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מוּטַצְיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stökkbreyting"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"alt": "へんい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hen'i",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "変異"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"alt": "とつぜんへんい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "totsuzenhen'i",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "突然変異"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmliəypheit",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "កំលាយភេទ"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "byeonhyeong",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "변형"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "byeoni",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "변이"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutācija"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "irakētanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mutasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mutasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "جهش"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutação"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutație"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mutácija",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мута́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mùthadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutación"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"class-6"
],
"word": "mabadiliko ya chembe za urithi"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "pag-ibanyuhay"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-glaai-pan",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "การกลายพันธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-pàa-lào",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "การผ่าเหล่า"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mutácija",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мута́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "đột biến"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 67 4 5 2 12",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mwtaniad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 27 26 13 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 29 26 9 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mutant."
],
"id": "en-mutation-en-noun-BUJaoeDG",
"links": [
[
"mutant",
"mutant"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 26 13 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context."
],
"id": "en-mutation-en-noun-lx8pocmR",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"alteration",
"alteration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kemmadur"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "umlaut",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "умлаут"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "treylyans"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"word": "mutaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutation"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metallagí",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μεταλλαγή"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "athrú"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutação"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mutacija",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мутация"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 5 1 68 6 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "treiglad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The transfer of title of an asset in a register."
],
"id": "en-mutation-en-noun-X8RYD0Bx",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) The transfer of title of an asset in a register."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 28 2 2 1 15 1 1 1 32 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 26 13 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 29 26 9 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Virginia Wildlife, volume 45, Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries:",
"text": "Birdwatchers would enjoy a host of sparrows, a herd of swans, a descent of woodpeckers, a herd of wrens, and mutation of thrushes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Doug Bennet, Tim Tiner, The Complete Up North: A Guide to Ontario's Wilderness from Black Flies to the Northern Lights, page 57:",
"text": "Names for a group: A flute or mutation of thrushes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Jason Sacher, A Compendium of Collective Nouns: From an Armory of Aardvarks to a Zeal of Zebras, page 196:",
"text": "A Mutation of Thrushes\nThe authors of the books of venery were not predicting Darwin with this term, but taking a cue from a common fable of the time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of thrushes."
],
"id": "en-mutation-en-noun-YUzafXJP",
"links": [
[
"thrush",
"thrush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, collective noun) A group of thrushes."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable",
"noun",
"rare",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 29 9 8 1 44",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "collective noun for thrushes",
"word": "parvi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mjuˈteɪʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mutation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "mutat."
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mutation"
],
"word": "mutation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (change)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/3 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "animutation"
},
{
"word": "antimutation"
},
{
"word": "aspirate mutation"
},
{
"word": "backmutation"
},
{
"word": "ectomutation"
},
{
"word": "endomutation"
},
{
"word": "epimutation"
},
{
"word": "extramutation"
},
{
"word": "frameshift mutation"
},
{
"word": "hard mutation"
},
{
"word": "heteromutation"
},
{
"word": "homomutation"
},
{
"word": "hypermutation"
},
{
"word": "hypomutation"
},
{
"word": "i-mutation"
},
{
"word": "intermutation"
},
{
"word": "intramutation"
},
{
"word": "intromutation"
},
{
"word": "macromutation"
},
{
"word": "macromutational"
},
{
"word": "macromutationism"
},
{
"word": "macromutationist"
},
{
"word": "megamutation"
},
{
"word": "mesomutation"
},
{
"word": "micromutation"
},
{
"word": "micromutational"
},
{
"word": "micromutationism"
},
{
"word": "micromutationist"
},
{
"word": "missense mutation"
},
{
"word": "mixed mutation"
},
{
"word": "multimutation"
},
{
"word": "mutational"
},
{
"word": "mutationally"
},
{
"word": "mutationism"
},
{
"word": "mutationist"
},
{
"word": "mutationless"
},
{
"word": "mutation pressure"
},
{
"word": "nasal mutation"
},
{
"word": "neomutation"
},
{
"word": "nonmutation"
},
{
"word": "nonsense mutation"
},
{
"word": "oncomutation"
},
{
"word": "paramutation"
},
{
"word": "pentamutation"
},
{
"word": "phosphomutation"
},
{
"word": "point mutation"
},
{
"word": "postmutation"
},
{
"word": "premutation"
},
{
"word": "radiomutation"
},
{
"word": "remutation"
},
{
"word": "retromutation"
},
{
"word": "silent mutation"
},
{
"word": "soft mutation"
},
{
"word": "spirant mutation"
},
{
"word": "stem mutation"
},
{
"word": "stereomutation"
},
{
"word": "ultramutation"
},
{
"word": "vowel mutation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mutacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mutacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mūtātiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin mūtātiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mutacion"
},
"expansion": "Old French mutacion",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late 14th century as Middle English mutacioun, from Latin mūtātiō, both directly and via Old French mutacion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mutations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "mutation (countable and uncountable, plural mutations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hypermutate"
},
{
"word": "hypermutated"
},
{
"word": "hypomutate"
},
{
"word": "hypomutated"
},
{
"word": "macromutate"
},
{
"word": "macromutated"
},
{
"word": "micromutate"
},
{
"word": "micromutated"
},
{
"word": "mutability"
},
{
"word": "mutable"
},
{
"word": "mutafacient"
},
{
"word": "mutagen"
},
{
"word": "mutagenesis"
},
{
"word": "mutagenetic"
},
{
"word": "mutagenic"
},
{
"word": "mutant"
},
{
"word": "mutatability"
},
{
"word": "mutatable"
},
{
"word": "mutate"
},
{
"word": "mutated"
},
{
"word": "mutator"
},
{
"word": "mutatory"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any alteration or change."
],
"links": [
[
"alteration",
"alteration"
],
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Genetics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, archived from the original on 2013-08-14:",
"text": "Plant breeding is always a numbers game.[…]The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material."
],
"links": [
[
"genetics",
"genetics"
],
[
"heritable",
"heritable"
],
[
"genetic material",
"genetic material"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(genetics) Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"genetics",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A mutant."
],
"links": [
[
"mutant",
"mutant"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"alteration",
"alteration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"The transfer of title of an asset in a register."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) The transfer of title of an asset in a register."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Virginia Wildlife, volume 45, Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries:",
"text": "Birdwatchers would enjoy a host of sparrows, a herd of swans, a descent of woodpeckers, a herd of wrens, and mutation of thrushes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Doug Bennet, Tim Tiner, The Complete Up North: A Guide to Ontario's Wilderness from Black Flies to the Northern Lights, page 57:",
"text": "Names for a group: A flute or mutation of thrushes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Jason Sacher, A Compendium of Collective Nouns: From an Armory of Aardvarks to a Zeal of Zebras, page 196:",
"text": "A Mutation of Thrushes\nThe authors of the books of venery were not predicting Darwin with this term, but taking a cue from a common fable of the time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of thrushes."
],
"links": [
[
"thrush",
"thrush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, collective noun) A group of thrushes."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable",
"noun",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mjuˈteɪʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-mutation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-mutation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "mutat."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmenenie",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изменение"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "muutos"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metállaxi",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μετάλλαξη"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "mutasi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutazione"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "irakētanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "iranoitanga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutacja"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"class-6"
],
"word": "mabadiliko"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any alteration or change",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "newid"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭafra",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "طَفْرَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mutacʻia",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "մուտացիա"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutación"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutazio"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mutácyja",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мута́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mutacija",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мутация"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tūbiàn",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "突變 /突变"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biànzhǒng",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "變種 /变种"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutatie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutaatio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "geenimuutos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutación"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "muṭacia",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "მუტაცია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutation"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metállaxi",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μετάλλαξη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mutátsya",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מוּטַצְיָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutáció"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stökkbreyting"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "mutasi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutazione"
},
{
"alt": "へんい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hen'i",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "変異"
},
{
"alt": "とつぜんへんい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "totsuzenhen'i",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "突然変異"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmliəypheit",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "កំលាយភេទ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "byeonhyeong",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "변형"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "byeoni",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "변이"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutācija"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "irakētanga"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mutasjon"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mutasjon"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "جهش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mutácija",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мута́ция"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mùthadh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutación"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"class-6"
],
"word": "mabadiliko ya chembe za urithi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "pag-ibanyuhay"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-glaai-pan",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "การกลายพันธ์"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-pàa-lào",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "การผ่าเหล่า"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mutácija",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мута́ція"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"word": "đột biến"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "heritable change in genetic material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mwtaniad"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kemmadur"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "umlaut",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "умлаут"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "treylyans"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"word": "mutaatio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutation"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metallagí",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μεταλλαγή"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "athrú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutazione"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mutação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mutacija",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мутация"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "alteration in the sound of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "treiglad"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "collective noun for thrushes",
"word": "parvi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"mutation"
],
"word": "mutation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mutation meaning in English (18.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.