See mother tongue in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for mother tongue meaning in English (30.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mother tonge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mother tonge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "modyr tong"
},
"expansion": "modyr tong",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mother",
"3": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "mother + tongue",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "móðurtunga",
"t": "mother tongue"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse móðurtunga (“mother tongue”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mother tonge, modyr tong, equivalent to mother + tongue. Compare Old Norse móðurtunga (“mother tongue”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mother tongues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mother tongue (plural mother tongues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "father tongue"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 17 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 19 20 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 23 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 26 24 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "en:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His mother tongue is a relatively conservative dialect of Aramaic.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 277",
"text": "One young Tamil teacher had assimilated the sound-system of English so thoroughly to that of his mother-tongue that none of the Chinese and Malay children understood him.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1973, Noel Pitts Gist, Roy Dean Wright, Marginality and Identity",
"text": "Throughout their long history as a minority, Anglo-Indians learned their \"father tongue\" but were indifferent to their \"mother tongue,\" an indigenous Indian language.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Janice Rae Williamson, Sounding differences: conversations with seventeen Canadian women writers",
"text": "A father tongue is a foreign language, therefore English is a foreign language not a mother tongue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Wendy Doniger, The Implied Spider, page 144",
"text": "Ramanujan has also argued that many Hindu men have both a mother tongue (the everyday language, such as Tamil, spoken by women downstairs, in the back, in the kitchen) and a father tongue (once Sanskrit, more recently English, the literary lingua franca spoken—or at least discussed—by men in the front rooms).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Máiréad Nic Craith, Narratives of Place, Belonging and Language",
"text": "In the early Middle Ages, 'mother tongue' was largely 'a pejorative term to describe the unlearned language of women and children' (Haugen 1991: 82). This reflected the low status of women in society and contrasted with Latin, the more prestigious 'father tongue' on the continent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language."
],
"id": "en-mother_tongue-en-noun-sfWQ733N",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "first language"
},
{
"word": "mother language"
},
{
"word": "native language"
},
{
"word": "native tongue"
},
{
"word": "L1"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "moedertaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "huistaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gjuhë e nënës"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gjuhë amtare"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "luḡat ʔumm",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُغَة أُمّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "luḡa qawmiyya",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُغَة قَوْمِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "luḡa ʔūlā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُغَة أُولَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mayreni lezu",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "մայրենի լեզու"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llingua materna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ana dili"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
],
"word": "آنا دیلی"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "tuğan tel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "туған тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ama-hizkuntza"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ródnaja móva",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ро́дная мо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "matribhaśa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "মাতৃভাষা"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "róden ezík",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ро́ден ези́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "májčin ezík",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́йчин ези́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "mi.hkangbhasaca.ka:",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "မိခင်ဘာသာစကား"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.mi.bhasaca.ka:",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "အမိဘာသာစကား"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "materynʹskŷj jazŷk",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "материньскый язык"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llengua materna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "llengua nativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "uniwonihisdi",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ᎤᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mou⁵ jyu⁵",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母语"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "阿姆話"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "â-mê-fa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "阿姆话"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "母語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "母语"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔyǔ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母语"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "本族語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "běnzúyǔ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "本族语"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mammyeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "yeth vamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ana tili"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mateřský jazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rodný jazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mateřština"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "modersmål"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"roman": "törööbüt tıl",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "төрөөбүт тыл"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "moedertaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"common-gender"
],
"word": "moerstaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "hejmlingvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "emakeel"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "móðurmál"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "äidinkieli"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "langue maternelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "marilenghe"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua materna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mšobliuri ena",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "მშობლიური ენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dedaena",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "დედაენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Muttersprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erstsprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mueterspraach"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mitrikí glóssa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μητρική γλώσσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "mātŕbhāṣā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "માતૃભાષા"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "s'fat 'ém",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׂפַת אֵם"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mātŕbhāṣā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मातृभाषा"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mādrī zabān",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मादरी ज़बान"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "anyanyelv"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hrx",
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Muttersproch"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "móðurmál"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "matrala linguo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "bahasa ibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "máthairtheanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teanga dhúchais"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "madrelingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"alt": "ぼご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bogo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"alt": "ぼこくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bokokugo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母国語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"alt": "じこくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jikokugo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "自国語"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "törskn keln",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "төрскн келн"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "mātṛbhāṣe",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ಮಾತೃಭಾಷೆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rodnô mòwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ana tılı",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ана тілі"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phiəsaa kɑmnaət",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ភាសាកំណើត"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"alt": "母語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mo'eo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "모어"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"alt": "母國語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mogugeo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "모국어"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "zimanê maderî"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "zimanê zikmakî"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "zimanê bavkalan"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ene tili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "эне тили"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "phā sā mǣ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ພາສາແມ່"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dzimtā valoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "dided č̣al",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "дидед чӏал"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gimtoji kalba"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "liv",
"lang": "Livonian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "jemākēļ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Modersprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Modersprake"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "Moodersprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Muddersprak"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mōdersprāke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "májčin jázik",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́јчин ја́зик"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "bahasa ibunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "çhengey ny mayrey"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "reo ūkaipō"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mātŕbhāṣā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मातृभाषा"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "māybolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मायबोली"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "törölx xel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төрөлх хэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ex xel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "эх хэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morsmål"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morsmål"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Mistralian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "lenguo maire"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "moranǝy žǝba",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مورنۍ ژبه"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zabân-e mâdari",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "زبان مادری"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "język ojczysty"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "língua materna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "língua nativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "mā̃ bolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ਮਾਂ ਬੋਲੀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "māṉ bolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Shahmukhi"
],
"word": "ماں بولِی"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "māt bolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Shahmukhi"
],
"word": "مات بولِی"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limbă maternă"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limbă nativă"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limbă natală"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodnój jazýk",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родно́й язы́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodnája rečʹ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "родна́я речь"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "mither tongue"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cànan màthaireil"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cainnt mhàthaireil"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "матерњи језик"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "материњи језик"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "матерински језик"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "maternji jezik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "materinji jezik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "materinski jezik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "tuğan tili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "туған тили"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "mawu basa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "මවු බස"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "materinský jazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rodný jazyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materinská reč"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "máterni jêzik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materinščina"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maśeršćina"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maćeršćina"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maćerna rěč"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lengua materna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lengua nativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lengua natal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "lugha ya mama"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "modersmål"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "inang-wika"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "katutubong wika"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "inang wika"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zaboni modarī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "забони модарӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tāymoḻi",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "தாய்மொழி"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tāy moḻi",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "தாய் மொழி"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "tuğan tel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "туган тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ana tele",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ана теле"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "dēśabhāṣa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "దేశభాష"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mātr̥ bhāṣa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "మాతృ భాష"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "paa-sǎa-mɛ̂ɛ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ภาษาแม่"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "ḳʷanḳʷa ʾadä",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ቋንቋ ኣደ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ana dili"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ene dili"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rídna móva",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рі́дна мо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "mādrī zubān",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مادری زبان"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ana til",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ئانا تىل"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ana tili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ئانا تىلى"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ona tili"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "tiếng mẹ đẻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ngôn ngữ đầu tiên"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "motapük"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "lomapük"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lingaedje del mame"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamiaith"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mame-loshn",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "מאַמע־לשון"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "muter-shprakh",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מוטער־שפּראַך"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 6 10 14",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "vahcoj"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 17 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The language spoken by one’s ancestors."
],
"id": "en-mother_tongue-en-noun-VjygWGQ9",
"links": [
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "father tongue"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 17 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Yo Jackson, Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology",
"text": "Questions about respondents' place of birth, their parents' place of birth, nativity, and language use (called “mother tongue” and “father tongue”) were added to the Census between 1850 and 1960.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008 -, Xiao-Lei Wang, Growing Up with Three Languages: Birth to Eleven, page 58",
"text": "Informed by the experience of other parents who had successfully raised their children with more than one language and our own observations, we knew clearly that Léandre and Dominique's mother tongue and father tongue would not have a chance without deliberate 'control' of their linguistic environment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The language spoken by one's mother, when it differs from that spoken by one's father."
],
"id": "en-mother_tongue-en-noun-yjiwfFlZ",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "43 0 57 0",
"word": "ancestry"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 0 57 0",
"word": "ethnicity"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "father tongue"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 17 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, or Life in the Woods",
"text": "The other is the maturity and experience of that; if that is our mother tongue, this is our father tongue, a reserved and select expression, too significant to be heard by the ear, which we must be born again in order to speak.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Gail B. Griffin, Calling : essays on teaching in the mother tongue, page 169",
"text": "We learn the father tongue to prove we have outgrown the mother tongue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Andrew Norris, Becoming Who We Are",
"text": "In each case, we are reborn -- a fact that explains Thoreau's preference here for the father tongue over the mother tongue, as Cavell explains: \"A son of man is born of woman; but rebirth, according to our Bible, is the business of the father.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Informal speech, as opposed to educated language."
],
"id": "en-mother_tongue-en-noun-Eq~lXQy5",
"links": [
[
"Informal",
"informal"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-mother tongue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "mother tongue"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Old English translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"en:Language"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mother tonge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mother tonge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "modyr tong"
},
"expansion": "modyr tong",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mother",
"3": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "mother + tongue",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "móðurtunga",
"t": "mother tongue"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse móðurtunga (“mother tongue”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mother tonge, modyr tong, equivalent to mother + tongue. Compare Old Norse móðurtunga (“mother tongue”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mother tongues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mother tongue (plural mother tongues)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ancestry"
},
{
"word": "ethnicity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "father tongue"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His mother tongue is a relatively conservative dialect of Aramaic.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 277",
"text": "One young Tamil teacher had assimilated the sound-system of English so thoroughly to that of his mother-tongue that none of the Chinese and Malay children understood him.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1973, Noel Pitts Gist, Roy Dean Wright, Marginality and Identity",
"text": "Throughout their long history as a minority, Anglo-Indians learned their \"father tongue\" but were indifferent to their \"mother tongue,\" an indigenous Indian language.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Janice Rae Williamson, Sounding differences: conversations with seventeen Canadian women writers",
"text": "A father tongue is a foreign language, therefore English is a foreign language not a mother tongue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Wendy Doniger, The Implied Spider, page 144",
"text": "Ramanujan has also argued that many Hindu men have both a mother tongue (the everyday language, such as Tamil, spoken by women downstairs, in the back, in the kitchen) and a father tongue (once Sanskrit, more recently English, the literary lingua franca spoken—or at least discussed—by men in the front rooms).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Máiréad Nic Craith, Narratives of Place, Belonging and Language",
"text": "In the early Middle Ages, 'mother tongue' was largely 'a pejorative term to describe the unlearned language of women and children' (Haugen 1991: 82). This reflected the low status of women in society and contrasted with Latin, the more prestigious 'father tongue' on the continent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language."
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "first language"
},
{
"word": "mother language"
},
{
"word": "native language"
},
{
"word": "native tongue"
},
{
"word": "L1"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The language spoken by one’s ancestors."
],
"links": [
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "father tongue"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Yo Jackson, Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology",
"text": "Questions about respondents' place of birth, their parents' place of birth, nativity, and language use (called “mother tongue” and “father tongue”) were added to the Census between 1850 and 1960.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008 -, Xiao-Lei Wang, Growing Up with Three Languages: Birth to Eleven, page 58",
"text": "Informed by the experience of other parents who had successfully raised their children with more than one language and our own observations, we knew clearly that Léandre and Dominique's mother tongue and father tongue would not have a chance without deliberate 'control' of their linguistic environment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The language spoken by one's mother, when it differs from that spoken by one's father."
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "father tongue"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, or Life in the Woods",
"text": "The other is the maturity and experience of that; if that is our mother tongue, this is our father tongue, a reserved and select expression, too significant to be heard by the ear, which we must be born again in order to speak.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Gail B. Griffin, Calling : essays on teaching in the mother tongue, page 169",
"text": "We learn the father tongue to prove we have outgrown the mother tongue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Andrew Norris, Becoming Who We Are",
"text": "In each case, we are reborn -- a fact that explains Thoreau's preference here for the father tongue over the mother tongue, as Cavell explains: \"A son of man is born of woman; but rebirth, according to our Bible, is the business of the father.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Informal speech, as opposed to educated language."
],
"links": [
[
"Informal",
"informal"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-mother tongue.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-mother_tongue.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "moedertaal"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "huistaal"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gjuhë e nënës"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gjuhë amtare"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "luḡat ʔumm",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُغَة أُمّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "luḡa qawmiyya",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُغَة قَوْمِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "luḡa ʔūlā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُغَة أُولَى"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mayreni lezu",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "մայրենի լեզու"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llingua materna"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ana dili"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
],
"word": "آنا دیلی"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "tuğan tel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "туған тел"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ama-hizkuntza"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ródnaja móva",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ро́дная мо́ва"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "matribhaśa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "মাতৃভাষা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "róden ezík",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ро́ден ези́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "májčin ezík",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́йчин ези́к"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "mi.hkangbhasaca.ka:",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "မိခင်ဘာသာစကား"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.mi.bhasaca.ka:",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "အမိဘာသာစကား"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "materynʹskŷj jazŷk",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "материньскый язык"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llengua materna"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "llengua nativa"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "uniwonihisdi",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ᎤᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "mou⁵ jyu⁵",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母语"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "阿姆話"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "â-mê-fa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "阿姆话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "母語"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "母语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔyǔ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "本族語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "běnzúyǔ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "本族语"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mammyeth"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "yeth vamm"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ana tili"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mateřský jazyk"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rodný jazyk"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mateřština"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "modersmål"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"roman": "törööbüt tıl",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "төрөөбүт тыл"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "moedertaal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"common-gender"
],
"word": "moerstaal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "hejmlingvo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "emakeel"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "móðurmál"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "äidinkieli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "langue maternelle"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "marilenghe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua materna"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mšobliuri ena",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "მშობლიური ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dedaena",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "დედაენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Muttersprache"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erstsprache"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mueterspraach"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mitrikí glóssa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μητρική γλώσσα"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "mātŕbhāṣā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "માતૃભાષા"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "s'fat 'ém",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׂפַת אֵם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mātŕbhāṣā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मातृभाषा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mādrī zabān",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मादरी ज़बान"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "anyanyelv"
},
{
"code": "hrx",
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Muttersproch"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "móðurmál"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "matrala linguo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "bahasa ibu"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "máthairtheanga"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teanga dhúchais"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "madrelingua"
},
{
"alt": "ぼご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bogo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母語"
},
{
"alt": "ぼこくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bokokugo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "母国語"
},
{
"alt": "じこくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jikokugo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "自国語"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "törskn keln",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "төрскн келн"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "mātṛbhāṣe",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ಮಾತೃಭಾಷೆ"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rodnô mòwa"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ana tılı",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ана тілі"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phiəsaa kɑmnaət",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ភាសាកំណើត"
},
{
"alt": "母語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mo'eo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "모어"
},
{
"alt": "母國語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mogugeo",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "모국어"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "zimanê maderî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "zimanê zikmakî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "zimanê bavkalan"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ene tili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "эне тили"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "phā sā mǣ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ພາສາແມ່"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dzimtā valoda"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "dided č̣al",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "дидед чӏал"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gimtoji kalba"
},
{
"code": "liv",
"lang": "Livonian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "jemākēļ"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Modersprak"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Modersprake"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "Moodersprak"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Muddersprak"
},
{
"code": "gml",
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mōdersprāke"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "májčin jázik",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́јчин ја́зик"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "bahasa ibunda"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "çhengey ny mayrey"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "reo ūkaipō"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "mātŕbhāṣā",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मातृभाषा"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "māybolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मायबोली"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "törölx xel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төрөлх хэл"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ex xel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "эх хэл"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morsmål"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "morsmål"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Mistralian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "lenguo maire"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "moranǝy žǝba",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مورنۍ ژبه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zabân-e mâdari",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "زبان مادری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "język ojczysty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "língua materna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "língua nativa"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "mā̃ bolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ਮਾਂ ਬੋਲੀ"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "māṉ bolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Shahmukhi"
],
"word": "ماں بولِی"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "māt bolī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Shahmukhi"
],
"word": "مات بولِی"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limbă maternă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limbă nativă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limbă natală"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodnój jazýk",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родно́й язы́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodnája rečʹ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "родна́я речь"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "mither tongue"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cànan màthaireil"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cainnt mhàthaireil"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "матерњи језик"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "материњи језик"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "матерински језик"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "maternji jezik"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "materinji jezik"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "materinski jezik"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "tuğan tili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "туған тили"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "mawu basa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "මවු බස"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "materinský jazyk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rodný jazyk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materinská reč"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "máterni jêzik"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materinščina"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maśeršćina"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maćeršćina"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maćerna rěč"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lengua materna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lengua nativa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lengua natal"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "lugha ya mama"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "modersmål"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "inang-wika"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "katutubong wika"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "inang wika"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zaboni modarī",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "забони модарӣ"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tāymoḻi",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "தாய்மொழி"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tāy moḻi",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "தாய் மொழி"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "tuğan tel",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "туган тел"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ana tele",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ана теле"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "dēśabhāṣa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "దేశభాష"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mātr̥ bhāṣa",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "మాతృ భాష"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "paa-sǎa-mɛ̂ɛ",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ภาษาแม่"
},
{
"code": "ti",
"lang": "Tigrinya",
"roman": "ḳʷanḳʷa ʾadä",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ቋንቋ ኣደ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ana dili"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ene dili"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rídna móva",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рі́дна мо́ва"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "mādrī zubān",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مادری زبان"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ana til",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ئانا تىل"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ana tili",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ئانا تىلى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ona tili"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "tiếng mẹ đẻ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "ngôn ngữ đầu tiên"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "motapük"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "lomapük"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lingaedje del mame"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamiaith"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mame-loshn",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "מאַמע־לשון"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "muter-shprakh",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מוטער־שפּראַך"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "one's native tongue",
"word": "vahcoj"
}
],
"word": "mother tongue"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.