See callus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for callus meaning in English (16.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "callum",
"t": "hard skin"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“hard skin”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin callum (“hard skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calluses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "calli"
},
"expansion": "callus (plural calluses or calli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, David Foster Wallace, The Pale King, page 17",
"text": "Sylvanshine had once been on a first date with a Xerox rep who had complex and slightly repulsive patterns of callus on her fingers from playing the banjo semi-professionally",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hardened area of the skin (especially on the foot or hand) caused by repeated friction, wear or use."
],
"id": "en-callus-en-noun-LI35DJ3I",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jusʔa",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جُسْأَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fālūl",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic"
],
"word": "فالول"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "koštuk",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "կոշտուկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "höyəl",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "һөйәл"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mazól",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мазо́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "call"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cal·lus"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "durícia"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mula"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "lupak"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kubal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piánzhī",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "胼胝"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "老繭"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lǎojiǎn",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "老茧"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "繭子"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎnzi",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "茧子"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mozol"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kaluso"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "känsä"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cal"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "durillon"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calus"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amata"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "gaddu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "incàddu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwiele"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "de",
"english": "skin",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hornhaut"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"botany",
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "Kallus"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kálos",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κάλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "týloma",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τύλωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "túlē",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τύλη"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "grómet",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גרומת"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kálus",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קלוס"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "bőrkeményedés"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sigg"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "callo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"alt": "タコ, たこ, tako",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "胼胝"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "krən",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "ក្រិន"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "pɔɔk slaa",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "ពកស្លា"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "callum"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "klávus",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кла́вус"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "pātio"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "nv",
"english": "on the foot",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kébąąh ntłʼizgo dah naaznilígíí"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "nv",
"english": "on the foot",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kébąąh ntłʼizgo daditánígíí"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "træl"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barda"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wearr"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pine",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "پینه"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šoğe",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "شغه"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kalaxč",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "کلخچ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "khacha"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "bătătură"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mozólʹ",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мозо́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "callu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "addu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "gaddu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žulj"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caḍḍu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "callo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "valk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "lipak"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kalyo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "areffix"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pĭw năng têe dâan năa",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "ผิวหนังที่ด้านหนา"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "nasır"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mozólʹ",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мозо́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "chai"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "honaskin"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 8 13 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caleden"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistency, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece."
],
"id": "en-callus-en-noun-yyyemFVa",
"links": [
[
"fracture",
"fracture"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"exude",
"exude"
],
[
"cartilaginous",
"cartilaginous"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material of repair in fractures of bone",
"word": "uudisluu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material of repair in fractures of bone",
"word": "kallus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 24 32 25 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 28 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets."
],
"id": "en-callus-en-noun-k4ic8APQ",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"rootlet",
"rootlet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 7 82 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: new formation over the end of a cutting",
"word": "haavasolukko"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 82 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: new formation over the end of a cutting",
"word": "kallus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Entomology",
"orig": "en:Entomology",
"parents": [
"Arthropodology",
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shining area on the frons of many species of Tabanomorpha (horse flies and relatives)."
],
"id": "en-callus-en-noun-Lk~~n-H6",
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"frons",
"frons"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) A shining area on the frons of many species of Tabanomorpha (horse flies and relatives)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæləs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æləs"
},
{
"homophone": "callous"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-callus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"callus"
],
"word": "callus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "callum",
"t": "hard skin"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“hard skin”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin callum (“hard skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calluses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "callusing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "callused",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "callused",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "callus (third-person singular simple present calluses, present participle callusing, simple past and past participle callused)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 21 17 21 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skin",
"orig": "en:Skin",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To form such hardened tissue."
],
"id": "en-callus-en-verb-paQ~k8-q",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To form such hardened tissue."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "長繭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǎng jiǎn",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "长茧"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "känsittyä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "verhornen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "incallire"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "pātio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "calejar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "encalecer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæləs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æləs"
},
{
"homophone": "callous"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-callus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"callus"
],
"word": "callus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æləs",
"Rhymes:English/æləs/2 syllables",
"en:Skin"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "callum",
"t": "hard skin"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“hard skin”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin callum (“hard skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calluses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "calli"
},
"expansion": "callus (plural calluses or calli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, David Foster Wallace, The Pale King, page 17",
"text": "Sylvanshine had once been on a first date with a Xerox rep who had complex and slightly repulsive patterns of callus on her fingers from playing the banjo semi-professionally",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hardened area of the skin (especially on the foot or hand) caused by repeated friction, wear or use."
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
],
[
"wear",
"wear"
],
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistency, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece."
],
"links": [
[
"fracture",
"fracture"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
],
[
"exude",
"exude"
],
[
"cartilaginous",
"cartilaginous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"rootlet",
"rootlet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Entomology"
],
"glosses": [
"A shining area on the frons of many species of Tabanomorpha (horse flies and relatives)."
],
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"frons",
"frons"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) A shining area on the frons of many species of Tabanomorpha (horse flies and relatives)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæləs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æləs"
},
{
"homophone": "callous"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-callus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jusʔa",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جُسْأَة"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fālūl",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic"
],
"word": "فالول"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "koštuk",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "կոշտուկ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "höyəl",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "һөйәл"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mazól",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мазо́л"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "call"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cal·lus"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "durícia"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mula"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "lupak"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kubal"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piánzhī",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "胼胝"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "老繭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lǎojiǎn",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "老茧"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "繭子"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎnzi",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "茧子"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mozol"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eelt"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kaluso"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "känsä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cal"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "durillon"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calus"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amata"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "talo"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "gaddu"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "incàddu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwiele"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "skin",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hornhaut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"botany",
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "Kallus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kálos",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κάλος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "týloma",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τύλωμα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "túlē",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τύλη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "grómet",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גרומת"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kálus",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קלוס"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "bőrkeményedés"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sigg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "callo"
},
{
"alt": "タコ, たこ, tako",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "胼胝"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "krən",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "ក្រិន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "pɔɔk slaa",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "ពកស្លា"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "callum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "klávus",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кла́вус"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "pātio"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"english": "on the foot",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kébąąh ntłʼizgo dah naaznilígíí"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"english": "on the foot",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kébąąh ntłʼizgo daditánígíí"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "træl"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barda"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wearr"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pine",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "پینه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šoğe",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "شغه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kalaxč",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "کلخچ"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwiel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calo"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "khacha"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "bătătură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mozólʹ",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мозо́ль"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "callu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "addu"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "gaddu"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žulj"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caḍḍu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "callo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "valk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "lipak"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "kalyo"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "areffix"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pĭw năng têe dâan năa",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "ผิวหนังที่ด้านหนา"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "nasır"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mozólʹ",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мозо́ль"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "chai"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"word": "honaskin"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "hardened part of the skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caleden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material of repair in fractures of bone",
"word": "uudisluu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material of repair in fractures of bone",
"word": "kallus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: new formation over the end of a cutting",
"word": "haavasolukko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botany: new formation over the end of a cutting",
"word": "kallus"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"callus"
],
"word": "callus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æləs",
"Rhymes:English/æləs/2 syllables",
"en:Skin"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "callum",
"t": "hard skin"
},
"expansion": "Latin callum (“hard skin”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin callum (“hard skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calluses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "callusing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "callused",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "callused",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "callus (third-person singular simple present calluses, present participle callusing, simple past and past participle callused)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To form such hardened tissue."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To form such hardened tissue."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæləs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æləs"
},
{
"homophone": "callous"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-callus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-callus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "長繭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǎng jiǎn",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "长茧"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "känsittyä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "verhornen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "incallire"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "pātio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "calejar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to form hardened tissue",
"word": "encalecer"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"callus"
],
"word": "callus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.