See arduous in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "arduously"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "arduousness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unarduous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "arduus",
"4": "",
"5": "lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious"
},
"expansion": "Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more arduous",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most arduous",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "arduous (comparative more arduous, superlative most arduous)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "arduity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 21 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 33 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 37 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 34 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 31 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 26 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 32 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 31 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 42 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 36 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 46 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 35 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 24 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance."
],
"id": "en-arduous-en-adj-nX8udkRt",
"links": [
[
"energy",
"energy"
],
[
"endurance",
"endurance"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāq",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "شَاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usilen",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "усилен"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎčen",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "мъчен"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gaan¹ fu²",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gaan¹ geoi⁶",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānjù",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "anstrengende"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "besværlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "uitputtend"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "zwaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "moeizaam"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "vaivalloinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "työläs"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "uuvuttava"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "rasittava"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "mühsam"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "anstrengend"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "beschwerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "erschöpfend"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "megerőltető"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "fárasztó"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "fáradságos"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"alt": "くるしい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurushii",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "苦しい"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"alt": "なんぎな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nangi-na",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "難儀な"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonan-ui",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "고난의"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "himdeuneun",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "힘드는"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "slitsom"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "vanskelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "uciążliwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arcytrudny"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "árduo"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjažónnyj",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "напряжённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnyj",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "тру́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjažólyj",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "тяжёлый"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "mukotrpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "riguroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"tags": [
"Colombia"
],
"word": "dispendioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arbetsam"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "besvärlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "jobbig"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ansträngande"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "avancerad"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "krånglig"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "svår"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ağır"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "çetin"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "gayretli"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "güç"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "zor"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 42 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 46 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy\nWhere flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"burning; ardent"
],
"id": "en-arduous-en-adj-vkw-kWKT",
"links": [
[
"burning",
"burning"
],
[
"ardent",
"ardent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) burning; ardent"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1974, Sue Bowder, The American biking atlas & touring guide, page 77:",
"text": "Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:",
"text": "Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:",
"text": "Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Difficult or exhausting to traverse."
],
"id": "en-arduous-en-adj-Jy0CrXab",
"links": [
[
"Difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"exhausting",
"exhausting"
],
[
"traverse",
"traverse"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎmen",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "стръмен"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedostǎpen",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "недостъпен"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "uitputtend"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "zwaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "steil"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "moeilijk te beklimmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "jyrkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "vaativa"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "steil"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "meredek"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "vanskelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sa'b-ol-obur",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "صعبالعبور"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "došvâr-gozar",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "دشوارگذر"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "árduo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krutój",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "круто́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trudnodostúpnyj",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "труднодосту́пный"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "brant"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "besvärlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "saʾbulubur",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "саъбулубур"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "dušvorguzar",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "душворгузар"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "sarp"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 27 54",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "çetin"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑː.djuː.əs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-arduous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-arduous.ogg/En-us-arduous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-arduous.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "burdensome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "demanding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "exhausting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fatiguing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "laborious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onerous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "strenuous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "strugglesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wearisome"
}
],
"word": "arduous"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erdʰ-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Requests for review of Bengali translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "arduously"
},
{
"word": "arduousness"
},
{
"word": "unarduous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "arduus",
"4": "",
"5": "lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious"
},
"expansion": "Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more arduous",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most arduous",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "arduous (comparative more arduous, superlative most arduous)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "arduity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance."
],
"links": [
[
"energy",
"energy"
],
[
"endurance",
"endurance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy\nWhere flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"burning; ardent"
],
"links": [
[
"burning",
"burning"
],
[
"ardent",
"ardent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) burning; ardent"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1974, Sue Bowder, The American biking atlas & touring guide, page 77:",
"text": "Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:",
"text": "Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:",
"text": "Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Difficult or exhausting to traverse."
],
"links": [
[
"Difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"exhausting",
"exhausting"
],
[
"traverse",
"traverse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑː.djuː.əs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-arduous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-arduous.ogg/En-us-arduous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-arduous.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burdensome"
},
{
"word": "demanding"
},
{
"word": "exhausting"
},
{
"word": "fatiguing"
},
{
"word": "laborious"
},
{
"word": "onerous"
},
{
"word": "strenuous"
},
{
"word": "strugglesome"
},
{
"word": "wearisome"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāq",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "شَاق"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "usilen",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "усилен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎčen",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "мъчен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gaan¹ fu²",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gaan¹ geoi⁶",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiānjù",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "anstrengende"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "besværlig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "uitputtend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "zwaar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "moeizaam"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "vaivalloinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "työläs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "uuvuttava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "rasittava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "mühsam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "anstrengend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "beschwerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "erschöpfend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "megerőltető"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "fárasztó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "fáradságos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"alt": "くるしい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurushii",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "苦しい"
},
{
"alt": "なんぎな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nangi-na",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "難儀な"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonan-ui",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "고난의"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "himdeuneun",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "힘드는"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "slitsom"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "vanskelig"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "uciążliwy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arcytrudny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "árduo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjažónnyj",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "напряжённый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnyj",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "тру́дный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjažólyj",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "тяжёлый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "mukotrpan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "riguroso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"tags": [
"Colombia"
],
"word": "dispendioso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "arbetsam"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "besvärlig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "jobbig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ansträngande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "avancerad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "krånglig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "svår"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "ağır"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "çetin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "gayretli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "güç"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "needing or using up much energy",
"word": "zor"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strǎmen",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "стръмен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nedostǎpen",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "недостъпен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "uitputtend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "zwaar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "steil"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "moeilijk te beklimmen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "jyrkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "vaativa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "steil"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "meredek"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "vanskelig"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sa'b-ol-obur",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "صعبالعبور"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "došvâr-gozar",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "دشوارگذر"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "árduo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krutój",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "круто́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trudnodostúpnyj",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "труднодосту́пный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "arduo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "brant"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "besvärlig"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "saʾbulubur",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "саъбулубур"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "dušvorguzar",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "душворгузар"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "sarp"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hard to climb or traverse",
"word": "çetin"
}
],
"word": "arduous"
}
Download raw JSONL data for arduous meaning in English (13.7kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Ido: __IGNORE__ (1), __IGNORE__ (2)",
"path": [
"arduous"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "arduous",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.