See affirm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for affirm meaning in English (10.2kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "disaffirm"
},
{
"english": "of 1, 2",
"word": "deny"
},
{
"english": "of 2",
"word": "repudiate"
},
{
"english": "of 4",
"word": "invalidate"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirmability"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirmable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirmance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirmer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirming the consequent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gender-affirming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "life-affirming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "misaffirm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "open and affirming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reaffirm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unaffirmed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affermen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "afermer"
},
"expansion": "Old French afermer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "affermer"
},
"expansion": "affermer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "affirmare"
},
"expansion": "Latin affirmare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adfirmare",
"t": "to present as fixed, aver, affirm"
},
"expansion": "adfirmare (“to present as fixed, aver, affirm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ad",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "ad (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmare",
"3": "",
"4": "to make firm"
},
"expansion": "firmare (“to make firm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"3": "",
"4": "firm"
},
"expansion": "firmus (“firm”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affermen, from Old French afermer, affermer, from Latin affirmare, adfirmare (“to present as fixed, aver, affirm”), from ad (“to”) + firmare (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affirms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affirming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affirmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affirmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affirm (third-person singular simple present affirms, present participle affirming, simple past and past participle affirmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirmation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "affirmative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"affirmative"
],
"word": "action"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "confirm"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "She affirmed that she would go when I asked her."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To agree, verify or concur; to answer positively."
],
"id": "en-affirm-en-verb-zUcelm4y",
"links": [
[
"agree",
"agree"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
],
[
"concur",
"concur"
],
[
"positively",
"positively"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngrèn",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "承认"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěndìng",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "肯定"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "bejae"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "zustimmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "bejahen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "bestätigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vevaió",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "βεβαιώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epivevaióno",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "επιβεβαιώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "affermare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"alt": "こうていする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōtei suru",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "肯定する"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "affirmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "dico"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "teigti"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "whakakoikoia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "whakakoia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "whakatūturu"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "affermen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "afirmować"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "potvrditi"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 5 9 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "afirmar"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true."
],
"id": "en-affirm-en-verb-Bj-MRFY0",
"links": [
[
"assert",
"assert"
],
[
"aver",
"aver"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They did everything they could to affirm the children's self-confidence."
},
{
"text": "gender-affirming; trans-affirming (LGBTQ+)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "August 24 2021, Shon Faye, “‘I feel like it’s quite shaky acceptance’: trans kids and the fight for inclusion”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Kate pointed out that these similarities between the various accounts of parents with trans children attracts criticism from those commentators who argue that trans children do not exist or should not be affirmed in their gender.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support or encourage."
],
"id": "en-affirm-en-verb-C42u17ng",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "unterstützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stirízo",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "στηρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "affermare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "dico"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "afirmować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "poduprijeti"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 94 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "afirmar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 3 47 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 3 50 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (law) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review."
],
"id": "en-affirm-en-verb-fv1zElQ7",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"ratify",
"ratify"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"appellate court",
"appellate court"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To state under a solemn promise to tell the truth which is considered legally equivalent to an oath, especially of those who have religious or other moral objections to swearing oaths; also solemnly affirm."
],
"id": "en-affirm-en-verb-CHlmqRnH",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"truth",
"truth"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) To state under a solemn promise to tell the truth which is considered legally equivalent to an oath, especially of those who have religious or other moral objections to swearing oaths; also solemnly affirm."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɝm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɜːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-affirm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-affirm.ogg/En-us-affirm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-affirm.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "validate"
}
],
"word": "affirm"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "disaffirm"
},
{
"english": "of 1, 2",
"word": "deny"
},
{
"english": "of 2",
"word": "repudiate"
},
{
"english": "of 4",
"word": "invalidate"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English raising verbs",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Requests for review of Cornish translations",
"Requests for review of Manx translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)m/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affirmability"
},
{
"word": "affirmable"
},
{
"word": "affirmance"
},
{
"word": "affirmer"
},
{
"word": "affirming the consequent"
},
{
"word": "gender-affirming"
},
{
"word": "life-affirming"
},
{
"word": "misaffirm"
},
{
"word": "open and affirming"
},
{
"word": "reaffirm"
},
{
"word": "unaffirmed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affermen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "afermer"
},
"expansion": "Old French afermer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "affermer"
},
"expansion": "affermer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "affirmare"
},
"expansion": "Latin affirmare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adfirmare",
"t": "to present as fixed, aver, affirm"
},
"expansion": "adfirmare (“to present as fixed, aver, affirm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ad",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "ad (“to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmare",
"3": "",
"4": "to make firm"
},
"expansion": "firmare (“to make firm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus",
"3": "",
"4": "firm"
},
"expansion": "firmus (“firm”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affermen, from Old French afermer, affermer, from Latin affirmare, adfirmare (“to present as fixed, aver, affirm”), from ad (“to”) + firmare (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affirms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affirming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affirmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affirmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affirm (third-person singular simple present affirms, present participle affirming, simple past and past participle affirmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "affirmation"
},
{
"word": "affirmative"
},
{
"tags": [
"affirmative"
],
"word": "action"
},
{
"word": "confirm"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "She affirmed that she would go when I asked her."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To agree, verify or concur; to answer positively."
],
"links": [
[
"agree",
"agree"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
],
[
"concur",
"concur"
],
[
"positively",
"positively"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true."
],
"links": [
[
"assert",
"assert"
],
[
"aver",
"aver"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They did everything they could to affirm the children's self-confidence."
},
{
"text": "gender-affirming; trans-affirming (LGBTQ+)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "August 24 2021, Shon Faye, “‘I feel like it’s quite shaky acceptance’: trans kids and the fight for inclusion”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Kate pointed out that these similarities between the various accounts of parents with trans children attracts criticism from those commentators who argue that trans children do not exist or should not be affirmed in their gender.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support or encourage."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (law) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review."
],
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"ratify",
"ratify"
],
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"appellate court",
"appellate court"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To state under a solemn promise to tell the truth which is considered legally equivalent to an oath, especially of those who have religious or other moral objections to swearing oaths; also solemnly affirm."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"truth",
"truth"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) To state under a solemn promise to tell the truth which is considered legally equivalent to an oath, especially of those who have religious or other moral objections to swearing oaths; also solemnly affirm."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɝm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɜːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)m"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-affirm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-affirm.ogg/En-us-affirm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-affirm.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "validate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngrèn",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "承认"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěndìng",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "肯定"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "bejae"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "zustimmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "bejahen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "bestätigen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vevaió",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "βεβαιώ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epivevaióno",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "επιβεβαιώνω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "affermare"
},
{
"alt": "こうていする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōtei suru",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "肯定する"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "affirmō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "dico"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "teigti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "whakakoikoia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "whakakoia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "whakatūturu"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "affermen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potwierdzić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "afirmować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "potvrditi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to agree with or verify",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "unterstützen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stirízo",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "στηρίζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "affermare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "dico"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "afirmować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "afirmar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "poduprijeti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to support or encourage",
"word": "afirmar"
}
],
"word": "affirm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.