See س in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for س meaning in Arabic (16.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐢝 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "syc",
"3": "ܫ",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܫ (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "arc",
"3": "ש",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic ש (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐡔 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𓌒"
},
"expansion": "𓌒",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܣ",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ܣ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"content": "This letter stood for /ʃ/ in Aramaic. <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> was not adopted into the Arabic alphabet because of the following considerations:\nProto-Semitic has three fricatives that became sibilants in descendant languages: ś, š, s. In Arabic ś gave /ʃ/, but š and s merged to /s/. In Old Aramaic all three sibilants were distinguished, and s was represented by <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i> while <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> represented both ś and š. This orthography persisted in later Aramaic even to the time of the Nabataeans, when the pronunciation of ś merged with that of s /s/.\nSo when a scribe wanted to write the Arabic sound /ʃ/ from ś, he did so by using <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> purposefully in order to stick to a letter form that looks the same in the cognate Aramaic words. But when he wanted to write an Arabic sound /s/ from Proto-Semitic š, he would defy the Aramaic spelling for this Proto-Semitic phoneme were he to represent this Arabic phoneme by the sign <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, whereas Arabic-Aramaic word pairs with the Proto-Semitic s are – somewhat by coincidence – rare and there was hence only negligible pressure to employ <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Syrc mention\" lang=\"syc\">ܣ</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, in total. So the impression was that <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> is the most typical sign to write /s/ while the other possible sign fell out of use.",
"title": "Further information",
"width": "auto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "collapse"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Nabataean 𐢝 (š), from Classical Syriac ܫ (š), from Aramaic ש (š), from Imperial Aramaic 𐡔 (š), from the Egyptian 𓌒.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sīn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "letter",
"head": "س / س / س / س",
"tr": "sīn"
},
"expansion": "س / س / س / س • (sīn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 2 22 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 1 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 2 27 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 20 21 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 6 30",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Arabic numeral symbols",
"parents": [
"Numeral symbols",
"Symbols",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The twelfth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ز (z) and followed by ش (š)."
],
"id": "en-س-ar-character-QChrHO-z",
"links": [
[
"Arabic",
"Arabic"
],
[
"ز",
"ز#Arabic"
],
[
"ش",
"ش#Arabic"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"x, unknown mathematical variable"
],
"id": "en-س-ar-character-4hVF8DRP",
"links": [
[
"x",
"x"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/siːn/",
"tags": [
"letter",
"name"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/s/",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "س"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐢝 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "syc",
"3": "ܫ",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܫ (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "arc",
"3": "ש",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic ש (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐡔 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𓌒"
},
"expansion": "𓌒",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܣ",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ܣ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"content": "This letter stood for /ʃ/ in Aramaic. <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> was not adopted into the Arabic alphabet because of the following considerations:\nProto-Semitic has three fricatives that became sibilants in descendant languages: ś, š, s. In Arabic ś gave /ʃ/, but š and s merged to /s/. In Old Aramaic all three sibilants were distinguished, and s was represented by <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i> while <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> represented both ś and š. This orthography persisted in later Aramaic even to the time of the Nabataeans, when the pronunciation of ś merged with that of s /s/.\nSo when a scribe wanted to write the Arabic sound /ʃ/ from ś, he did so by using <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> purposefully in order to stick to a letter form that looks the same in the cognate Aramaic words. But when he wanted to write an Arabic sound /s/ from Proto-Semitic š, he would defy the Aramaic spelling for this Proto-Semitic phoneme were he to represent this Arabic phoneme by the sign <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, whereas Arabic-Aramaic word pairs with the Proto-Semitic s are – somewhat by coincidence – rare and there was hence only negligible pressure to employ <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Syrc mention\" lang=\"syc\">ܣ</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, in total. So the impression was that <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> is the most typical sign to write /s/ while the other possible sign fell out of use.",
"title": "Further information",
"width": "auto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "collapse"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Nabataean 𐢝 (š), from Classical Syriac ܫ (š), from Aramaic ש (š), from Imperial Aramaic 𐡔 (š), from the Egyptian 𓌒.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sīn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "numeral symbol",
"head": "س / س / س / س",
"tr": "sīn"
},
"expansion": "س / س / س / س • (sīn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 20 21 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fifteenth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ن (n) and followed by ع (ʕ)."
],
"id": "en-س-ar-symbol-syCNnED1",
"links": [
[
"abjad",
"abjad"
],
[
"abjad numerals",
"abjad numerals"
],
[
"ن",
"ن#Arabic"
],
[
"ع",
"ع#Arabic"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ا"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ʔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ب"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ت"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ث"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ṯ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ج"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ح"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "خ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḵ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "د"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ذ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḏ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ر"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ز"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "س"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ش"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "š"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ص"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ṣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ض"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḍ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ط"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ṭ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ظ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ẓ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ع"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ʕ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "غ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ف"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ق"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ك"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ل"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "م"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ن"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ه"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "و"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ي"
},
{
"word": "Search for entries beginning with س"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/siːn/",
"tags": [
"letter",
"name"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/s/",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "س"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سَوْفَ"
},
"expansion": "سَوْفَ (sawfa)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened form of سَوْفَ (sawfa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سَـ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "سَـ",
"tr": "sa-"
},
"expansion": "سَـ • (sa-)",
"name": "ar-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 4 20 21 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He is reading a book, he will read a book.",
"roman": "yaqraʔu kitāban, sayaqraʔu kitāban",
"text": "يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا، سَيَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will (prefix indicating the future tense)"
],
"id": "en-س-ar-particle-ar:future",
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ar:future"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "sawfa",
"word": "سَوْفَ"
}
]
}
],
"word": "س"
}
{
"categories": [
"Abjad numerals",
"Arabic 1-syllable words",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic letters",
"Arabic numeral symbols",
"Arabic particles",
"Arabic terms derived from Aramaic",
"Arabic terms derived from Classical Syriac",
"Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Arabic terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐢝 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "syc",
"3": "ܫ",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܫ (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "arc",
"3": "ש",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic ש (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐡔 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𓌒"
},
"expansion": "𓌒",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܣ",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ܣ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"content": "This letter stood for /ʃ/ in Aramaic. <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> was not adopted into the Arabic alphabet because of the following considerations:\nProto-Semitic has three fricatives that became sibilants in descendant languages: ś, š, s. In Arabic ś gave /ʃ/, but š and s merged to /s/. In Old Aramaic all three sibilants were distinguished, and s was represented by <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i> while <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> represented both ś and š. This orthography persisted in later Aramaic even to the time of the Nabataeans, when the pronunciation of ś merged with that of s /s/.\nSo when a scribe wanted to write the Arabic sound /ʃ/ from ś, he did so by using <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> purposefully in order to stick to a letter form that looks the same in the cognate Aramaic words. But when he wanted to write an Arabic sound /s/ from Proto-Semitic š, he would defy the Aramaic spelling for this Proto-Semitic phoneme were he to represent this Arabic phoneme by the sign <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, whereas Arabic-Aramaic word pairs with the Proto-Semitic s are – somewhat by coincidence – rare and there was hence only negligible pressure to employ <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Syrc mention\" lang=\"syc\">ܣ</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, in total. So the impression was that <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> is the most typical sign to write /s/ while the other possible sign fell out of use.",
"title": "Further information",
"width": "auto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "collapse"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Nabataean 𐢝 (š), from Classical Syriac ܫ (š), from Aramaic ש (š), from Imperial Aramaic 𐡔 (š), from the Egyptian 𓌒.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sīn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "letter",
"head": "س / س / س / س",
"tr": "sīn"
},
"expansion": "س / س / س / س • (sīn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The twelfth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ز (z) and followed by ش (š)."
],
"links": [
[
"Arabic",
"Arabic"
],
[
"ز",
"ز#Arabic"
],
[
"ش",
"ش#Arabic"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"x, unknown mathematical variable"
],
"links": [
[
"x",
"x"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/siːn/",
"tags": [
"letter",
"name"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/s/",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "س"
}
{
"categories": [
"Abjad numerals",
"Arabic 1-syllable words",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic letters",
"Arabic numeral symbols",
"Arabic particles",
"Arabic terms derived from Aramaic",
"Arabic terms derived from Classical Syriac",
"Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Arabic terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐢝 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "syc",
"3": "ܫ",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܫ (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "arc",
"3": "ש",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic ש (š)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "š"
},
"expansion": "𐡔 (š)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𓌒"
},
"expansion": "𓌒",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢖",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢖",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܣ",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ܣ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ס",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ס",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡎",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡎",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐢝",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐢝",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "ש",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "ש",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "𐡔",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𐡔",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "س",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "س",
"name": "m-self"
},
{
"args": {
"content": "This letter stood for /ʃ/ in Aramaic. <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> was not adopted into the Arabic alphabet because of the following considerations:\nProto-Semitic has three fricatives that became sibilants in descendant languages: ś, š, s. In Arabic ś gave /ʃ/, but š and s merged to /s/. In Old Aramaic all three sibilants were distinguished, and s was represented by <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i> while <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> represented both ś and š. This orthography persisted in later Aramaic even to the time of the Nabataeans, when the pronunciation of ś merged with that of s /s/.\nSo when a scribe wanted to write the Arabic sound /ʃ/ from ś, he did so by using <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> purposefully in order to stick to a letter form that looks the same in the cognate Aramaic words. But when he wanted to write an Arabic sound /s/ from Proto-Semitic š, he would defy the Aramaic spelling for this Proto-Semitic phoneme were he to represent this Arabic phoneme by the sign <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, whereas Arabic-Aramaic word pairs with the Proto-Semitic s are – somewhat by coincidence – rare and there was hence only negligible pressure to employ <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢖</i> / <i class=\"Syrc mention\" lang=\"syc\">ܣ</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ס</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡎</i>, in total. So the impression was that <i class=\"Nbat mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐢝</i> / <i class=\"Hebr mention\" lang=\"arc\">ש</i> / <i class=\"Armi mention\" lang=\"arc\">𐡔</i> / <i class=\"Arab mention\" lang=\"ar\">س</i> is the most typical sign to write /s/ while the other possible sign fell out of use.",
"title": "Further information",
"width": "auto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "collapse"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Nabataean 𐢝 (š), from Classical Syriac ܫ (š), from Aramaic ש (š), from Imperial Aramaic 𐡔 (š), from the Egyptian 𓌒.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sīn",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "numeral symbol",
"head": "س / س / س / س",
"tr": "sīn"
},
"expansion": "س / س / س / س • (sīn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ا"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ʔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ب"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ت"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ث"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ṯ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ج"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ح"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḥ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "خ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḵ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "د"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ذ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḏ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ر"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ز"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "س"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ش"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "š"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ص"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ṣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ض"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḍ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ط"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ṭ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ظ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ẓ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ع"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ʕ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "غ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ḡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ف"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ق"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ك"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ل"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "م"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ن"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ه"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "و"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"tags": [
"Arabic",
"character",
"letter"
],
"word": "ي"
},
{
"word": "Search for entries beginning with س"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The fifteenth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ن (n) and followed by ع (ʕ)."
],
"links": [
[
"abjad",
"abjad"
],
[
"abjad numerals",
"abjad numerals"
],
[
"ن",
"ن#Arabic"
],
[
"ع",
"ع#Arabic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/siːn/",
"tags": [
"letter",
"name"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/s/",
"tags": [
"phoneme"
]
}
],
"word": "س"
}
{
"categories": [
"Abjad numerals",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic particles",
"Arabic terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سَوْفَ"
},
"expansion": "سَوْفَ (sawfa)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened form of سَوْفَ (sawfa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "سَـ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "سَـ",
"tr": "sa-"
},
"expansion": "سَـ • (sa-)",
"name": "ar-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He is reading a book, he will read a book.",
"roman": "yaqraʔu kitāban, sayaqraʔu kitāban",
"text": "يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا، سَيَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"will (prefix indicating the future tense)"
],
"links": [
[
"will",
"will"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ar:future"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "sawfa",
"word": "سَوْفَ"
}
],
"word": "س"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Arabic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.