See vertu on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vertu meaning in All languages combined (30.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "virtù, †vertù",
"4": "",
"5": "moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)"
},
"expansion": "Italian virtù, †vertù (“moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "vertu",
"4": "",
"5": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "French vertu (“virtue”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūt-, virtus",
"4": "",
"5": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūt-, virtus (“virtue”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of virtue",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtuoso"
},
"expansion": "virtuoso",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian virtù, †vertù (“moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)”); or from French vertu (“virtue”), ultimately from Latin virtūt-, virtus (“virtue”). Doublet of virtue; compare also virtuoso.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "vertu (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "objet de vertu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "en:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1750, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling, volume III, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, →OCLC, pages 238–239",
"text": "To give them their Due, they ſoar a Step higher than their Predeceſſors, and may be called Men of Wiſdom and Vertù (take heed you do not read Virtue).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 233",
"text": "He engaged a certain Abbé of distinguished taste in virtù to attend them as their Ciceroné, and explain the antiquities brought from Herculaneum and Pompeia […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fine arts as a subject of study or expertise; understanding of arts and antiquities."
],
"id": "en-vertu-en-noun-iFCE71FB",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"fine art",
"fine art"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art, now historical) The fine arts as a subject of study or expertise; understanding of arts and antiquities."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 18 3 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "knowledge of fine arts",
"word": "taiteen tuntemus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "en:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 41 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, William Chinnery, A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery …, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, title page",
"text": "A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery, Esq. Brought from Gillwell, Essex[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1851, Herman Melville, “Moby-Dick or The White Whale”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Boston: The St. Botolph Society, published 1922, →OCLC, page 423",
"text": "Now, when with royal Tranquo I visited this wondrous whale, and saw the skull an altar, and the artificial smoke ascending from where the real jet had issued, I marvelled that the king should regard a chapel as an object of vertù.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, London: John Cassell, →OCLC, page 178",
"text": "The more drawers and closets there were, the more hiding-holes could Charlotte make for the accommodation of old rags, hair-combs, old shoes, ribbons, cast-off artificial flowers, and other articles of vertù, wherein her soul delighted.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Objets d'art collectively."
],
"id": "en-vertu-en-noun-Sw36e4yI",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"Objets d'art",
"objet d'art"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art, now historical) Objets d'art collectively."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 87 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hudožestveno proizvedenie",
"sense": "objets d'art collectively",
"word": "художествено произведение"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 87 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "objets d'art collectively",
"word": "taide"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 39 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1976, Niccolò Machiavelli; James B. Atkinson, transl., The Prince [The Library of Liberal Arts; LLA-172], Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, ISBN 978-0-672-51542-2; reprinted as Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 978-0-87220-920-6, pages 69–70",
"text": "All these connotations, even the positive and moral ones, are within the range of significations Machiavelli wants us to hear in “virtù.” For him the word suggests a kind of flexibility that can initiate effective, efficient, and energetic action based on a courageous assertion of the will and an ability to execute the products of one's own calculations. Such calculations are a significant adjunct to his ideas about virtù: they outline what might be called an internal or mental virtù."
},
{
"ref": "1996, Harvey C[laflin] Mansfield[, Jr.], Machiavelli's Virtue, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, pages 6–7",
"text": "He alternately shocks his readers and provides relief from the very shocks he administers: Agathocles has virtù but cannot be said to have virtù. It is not enough to say that he uses the word in several “senses”; he uses it in two contradictory senses as to whether it includes or excludes evil deeds.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Jack Donnelly, Realism and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 175",
"text": "To oversimplify, Machiavelli uses virtù to refer both to “Christian” moral virtues, the conventional universalistic values embodied in the Golden Rule, and to a set of more particularistic classical virtues centered on honor. Together they comprise Machiavelli's account of the most noble and distinctive human excellences, achievements, and aspirations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Especially with reference to the writings of Machiavelli (1469–1527): the requisite qualities for political or military success; vitality, determination; power."
],
"id": "en-vertu-en-noun-4XdMgpip",
"links": [
[
"Machiavelli",
"Machiavelli"
],
[
"vitality",
"vitality"
],
[
"determination",
"determination"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 39 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moral worth; virtue, virtuousness."
],
"id": "en-vertu-en-noun-7jlYawOb",
"links": [
[
"Moral",
"moral"
],
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"virtuousness",
"virtuousness"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈtuː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vɚˈtu/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertù"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virtu"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vertu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French vertu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French vertu",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Old French vertu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūs",
"4": "virtūtem"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūtem",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French vertu, from Old French vertu, from Latin virtūtem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "vertu f (plural vertus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "en vertu de"
},
{
"word": "évertuer"
},
{
"word": "femme de petite vertu"
},
{
"word": "on ne peut pas être contre la vertu"
},
{
"word": "vertu cardinale"
},
{
"word": "vertueux"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Virtue is an inner light that can save a soul.”",
"ref": "2004 October 1, “Huit-queues-et-demie [Eight-and-a-Half-Tails]”, in Guerriers de Kamigawa [Warriors of Kamigawa], Wizards of the Coast",
"text": "« La vertu est une lumière intérieure qui peut toujours sauver une âme. »",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virtue"
],
"id": "en-vertu-fr-noun-M3EwUjLI",
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "virtuel"
},
{
"word": "virtuose"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vɛʁ.ty/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-vertu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Fr-vertu.ogg/Fr-vertu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Fr-vertu.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "vertu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vertun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of vertun"
],
"id": "en-vertu-de-verb-2RyJ-qTJ",
"links": [
[
"vertun",
"vertun#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vertun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of vertun"
],
"id": "en-vertu-de-verb-ZmyLCW-G",
"links": [
[
"vertun",
"vertun#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of vertun"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fɛɐ̯ˈtuː]"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "English: virtue",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vertue"
},
"expansion": "vertue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">vertue</i>"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete vertue)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: virtue (obsolete vertue)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Scots: virtue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: virtue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "vartue"
},
"expansion": "Yola: vartue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: vartue"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vertu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūtem"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūtem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "virtūs"
},
"expansion": "virtūs",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French and Anglo-Norman vertu, from Latin virtūtem, accusative of virtūs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "vertu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vertues"
},
"expansion": "vertu (plural vertues)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertual"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertually"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertules"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertuous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertuously"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertuousnesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 0 0 6 0 0 0 15 4 4 0 0 0 4 5 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 19 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ability, specialty, or feature:",
"Medical or pharmaceutical ability (either generally or specifically)"
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-l0FDXZns",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"pharmaceutical",
"pharmaceutical"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 0 0 6 0 0 0 15 4 4 0 0 0 4 5 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 19 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ability, specialty, or feature:",
"A mechanism that causes a bodily function to work."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-dn70igJU",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"function",
"function"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Divine power or beneficence (sometimes inherent in an object)"
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-YzPBSIzV",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"beneficence",
"beneficence"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Political or legislative power or jurisdiction."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-GDqEjovZ",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"legislative",
"legislative"
],
[
"jurisdiction",
"jurisdiction"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 22 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 3 3 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astrology",
"orig": "enm:Astrology",
"parents": [
"Divination",
"Pseudoscience",
"Occult",
"Sciences",
"Forteana",
"Religion",
"All topics",
"Culture",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 4 21 4 4 4 5 6 5 9 6 6 3 3 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occult",
"orig": "enm:Occult",
"parents": [
"Forteana",
"Religion",
"Pseudoscience",
"Culture",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Astrological or occult power or influence."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-ar6qBqN0",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"Astrological",
"astrological"
],
[
"occult",
"occult"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Importance or desirability; the property of having value."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-erlwN796",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"Importance",
"importance"
],
[
"desirability",
"desirability"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"The means or method that something is done with or through."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-Zh1FXwWs",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"method",
"method"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 3 3 6 6 6 3 1 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"The property of causing power, effects or results."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-VlTeYWEv",
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"(rare) The property of causing power, effects or results."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 0 0 6 0 0 0 15 4 4 0 0 0 4 5 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:",
"Willpower or mental fibre; one's ability to fulfill one's will."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-vfTqfgok",
"links": [
[
"Fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre"
],
[
"fulfill",
"fulfill"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 7 9 7 9 9 9 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 9 10 10 10 10 4 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:",
"Sapience, wisdom, higher functioning or that which causes it."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-ylb7b4FR",
"links": [
[
"Fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"Sapience",
"sapience"
],
[
"wisdom",
"wisdom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 9 10 10 10 10 4 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 37 7 7 7 1 5 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Health",
"orig": "enm:Health",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:",
"Raw physical strength, endurance, or health."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-GIIlflSD",
"links": [
[
"Fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"endurance",
"endurance"
],
[
"health",
"health"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 7 9 7 9 9 9 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 9 10 10 10 10 4 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 9 15 15 15 0 6 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mind",
"orig": "enm:Mind",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 0 18 0 0 0 0 21 0 39 0 0 0 2 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Virtue (moral goodness or capability):",
"Glory, honourableness, or knightliness; that expected by chivalry."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-XD6t3kMa",
"links": [
[
"Virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"honourableness",
"honourableness"
],
[
"knightliness",
"knightliness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 7 9 7 9 9 9 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 9 10 10 10 10 4 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 9 15 15 15 0 6 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mind",
"orig": "enm:Mind",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] we should die for vices / and live with virtues, […]",
"ref": "c. 1460, Turpines story: a Middle English translation of the Pseudo-Turpin chronicle, published 2004, Capitulum viii, page 13",
"text": "[…]we sholde dyȝe for vicis / and liffe with vertuus,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Virtue (moral goodness or capability):",
"A particular virtue believed to be morally beneficial or good."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-HuLklCVM",
"links": [
[
"Virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 7 9 7 9 9 9 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 9 10 10 10 10 4 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 10 5 9 9 15 4 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 9 15 15 15 0 6 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mind",
"orig": "enm:Mind",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Virtue (moral goodness or capability):",
"A moral directive or instruction or the body of them; morals."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-ZEsqUTru",
"links": [
[
"Virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
],
[
"instruction",
"instruction"
],
[
"morals",
"morals"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One of several ranks of angels (being above \"powers\" and below \"dominions\")."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-GhUOUQNN"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A military troop or band; a group of combatants."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-zp-WUWqA",
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A military troop or band; a group of combatants."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A title or appellation granted or bestowed upon a divinity."
],
"id": "en-vertu-enm-noun-MlrNFCd6",
"links": [
[
"title",
"title#English"
],
[
"appellation",
"appellation#English"
],
[
"divinity",
"divinity#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A title or appellation granted or bestowed upon a divinity."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛrtiu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvirtiu̯/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "verteu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertiwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertuwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vertwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "virtew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "virtu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "virtue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wertue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vartu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wartu"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "French: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: vertu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Old French vertu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French vertu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "vertus",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "vertu f (plural vertus)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "vertu f (plural vertus)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virtue (goodness, moralness)"
],
"id": "en-vertu-frm-noun-VelU2xNv",
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vertu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: vertu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Scots: virtue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: virtue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "English: virtue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: virtue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: vertu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "French: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: vertu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūs",
"4": "virtūs, virtūtem"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūs, virtūtem",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin virtūs, virtūtem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertu oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vertu",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "vertu oblique singular, f (oblique plural vertus, nominative singular vertu, nominative plural vertus)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"valour; honour; goodness; virtue"
],
"id": "en-vertu-fro-noun-aX9~2Nxr",
"links": [
[
"valour",
"valour"
],
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"goodness",
"goodness"
],
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "proeche"
},
{
"word": "cortoisie"
}
]
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "virtù, †vertù",
"4": "",
"5": "moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)"
},
"expansion": "Italian virtù, †vertù (“moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "vertu",
"4": "",
"5": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "French vertu (“virtue”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūt-, virtus",
"4": "",
"5": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūt-, virtus (“virtue”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of virtue",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtuoso"
},
"expansion": "virtuoso",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian virtù, †vertù (“moral worth, virtue (13th century); determination, perseverance, military valour (14th century); study of the liberal or fine arts; appreciation of, taste for, or expertise in the fine arts; objets d'art collectively (16th century)”); or from French vertu (“virtue”), ultimately from Latin virtūt-, virtus (“virtue”). Doublet of virtue; compare also virtuoso.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "vertu (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "objet de vertu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Art"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1750, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling, volume III, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, →OCLC, pages 238–239",
"text": "To give them their Due, they ſoar a Step higher than their Predeceſſors, and may be called Men of Wiſdom and Vertù (take heed you do not read Virtue).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 233",
"text": "He engaged a certain Abbé of distinguished taste in virtù to attend them as their Ciceroné, and explain the antiquities brought from Herculaneum and Pompeia […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fine arts as a subject of study or expertise; understanding of arts and antiquities."
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"fine art",
"fine art"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art, now historical) The fine arts as a subject of study or expertise; understanding of arts and antiquities."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Art"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1812, William Chinnery, A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery …, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, title page",
"text": "A Catalogue of a Truly Valuable Assemblage of Articles of Virtu of William Chinnery, Esq. Brought from Gillwell, Essex[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1851, Herman Melville, “Moby-Dick or The White Whale”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Boston: The St. Botolph Society, published 1922, →OCLC, page 423",
"text": "Now, when with royal Tranquo I visited this wondrous whale, and saw the skull an altar, and the artificial smoke ascending from where the real jet had issued, I marvelled that the king should regard a chapel as an object of vertù.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, London: John Cassell, →OCLC, page 178",
"text": "The more drawers and closets there were, the more hiding-holes could Charlotte make for the accommodation of old rags, hair-combs, old shoes, ribbons, cast-off artificial flowers, and other articles of vertù, wherein her soul delighted.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Objets d'art collectively."
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"Objets d'art",
"objet d'art"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art, now historical) Objets d'art collectively."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1976, Niccolò Machiavelli; James B. Atkinson, transl., The Prince [The Library of Liberal Arts; LLA-172], Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, ISBN 978-0-672-51542-2; reprinted as Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett Publishing Company, 2008, ISBN 978-0-87220-920-6, pages 69–70",
"text": "All these connotations, even the positive and moral ones, are within the range of significations Machiavelli wants us to hear in “virtù.” For him the word suggests a kind of flexibility that can initiate effective, efficient, and energetic action based on a courageous assertion of the will and an ability to execute the products of one's own calculations. Such calculations are a significant adjunct to his ideas about virtù: they outline what might be called an internal or mental virtù."
},
{
"ref": "1996, Harvey C[laflin] Mansfield[, Jr.], Machiavelli's Virtue, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, pages 6–7",
"text": "He alternately shocks his readers and provides relief from the very shocks he administers: Agathocles has virtù but cannot be said to have virtù. It is not enough to say that he uses the word in several “senses”; he uses it in two contradictory senses as to whether it includes or excludes evil deeds.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Jack Donnelly, Realism and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 175",
"text": "To oversimplify, Machiavelli uses virtù to refer both to “Christian” moral virtues, the conventional universalistic values embodied in the Golden Rule, and to a set of more particularistic classical virtues centered on honor. Together they comprise Machiavelli's account of the most noble and distinctive human excellences, achievements, and aspirations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Especially with reference to the writings of Machiavelli (1469–1527): the requisite qualities for political or military success; vitality, determination; power."
],
"links": [
[
"Machiavelli",
"Machiavelli"
],
[
"vitality",
"vitality"
],
[
"determination",
"determination"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moral worth; virtue, virtuousness."
],
"links": [
[
"Moral",
"moral"
],
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"virtuousness",
"virtuousness"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈtuː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/vɚˈtu/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vertù"
},
{
"word": "virtu"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "knowledge of fine arts",
"word": "taiteen tuntemus"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hudožestveno proizvedenie",
"sense": "objets d'art collectively",
"word": "художествено произведение"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "objets d'art collectively",
"word": "taide"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "en vertu de"
},
{
"word": "évertuer"
},
{
"word": "femme de petite vertu"
},
{
"word": "on ne peut pas être contre la vertu"
},
{
"word": "vertu cardinale"
},
{
"word": "vertueux"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vertu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French vertu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French vertu",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Old French vertu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūs",
"4": "virtūtem"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūtem",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French vertu, from Old French vertu, from Latin virtūtem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "vertu f (plural vertus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "virtuel"
},
{
"word": "virtuose"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Virtue is an inner light that can save a soul.”",
"ref": "2004 October 1, “Huit-queues-et-demie [Eight-and-a-Half-Tails]”, in Guerriers de Kamigawa [Warriors of Kamigawa], Wizards of the Coast",
"text": "« La vertu est une lumière intérieure qui peut toujours sauver une âme. »",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virtue"
],
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vɛʁ.ty/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-vertu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Fr-vertu.ogg/Fr-vertu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Fr-vertu.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "vertu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vertun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of vertun"
],
"links": [
[
"vertun",
"vertun#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vertun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of vertun"
],
"links": [
[
"vertun",
"vertun#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of vertun"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fɛɐ̯ˈtuː]"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Astrology",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Health",
"enm:Law",
"enm:Medicine",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Mind",
"enm:Occult",
"enm:Physiology",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "English: virtue",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vertue"
},
"expansion": "vertue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">vertue</i>"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete vertue)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: virtue (obsolete vertue)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Scots: virtue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: virtue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "vartue"
},
"expansion": "Yola: vartue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: vartue"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman vertu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūtem"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūtem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "virtūs"
},
"expansion": "virtūs",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French and Anglo-Norman vertu, from Latin virtūtem, accusative of virtūs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "vertu",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vertues"
},
"expansion": "vertu (plural vertues)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vertual"
},
{
"word": "vertually"
},
{
"word": "vertules"
},
{
"word": "vertuous"
},
{
"word": "vertuously"
},
{
"word": "vertuousnesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An ability, specialty, or feature:",
"Medical or pharmaceutical ability (either generally or specifically)"
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"pharmaceutical",
"pharmaceutical"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An ability, specialty, or feature:",
"A mechanism that causes a bodily function to work."
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"function",
"function"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Divine power or beneficence (sometimes inherent in an object)"
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"beneficence",
"beneficence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Political or legislative power or jurisdiction."
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"legislative",
"legislative"
],
[
"jurisdiction",
"jurisdiction"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Astrological or occult power or influence."
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"Astrological",
"astrological"
],
[
"occult",
"occult"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"Importance or desirability; the property of having value."
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"Importance",
"importance"
],
[
"desirability",
"desirability"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"The means or method that something is done with or through."
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"method",
"method"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"The property of causing power, effects or results."
],
"links": [
[
"ability",
"ability"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Power, competence, ability; ability to effect behaviour or action:",
"(rare) The property of causing power, effects or results."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:",
"Willpower or mental fibre; one's ability to fulfill one's will."
],
"links": [
[
"Fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre"
],
[
"fulfill",
"fulfill"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:",
"Sapience, wisdom, higher functioning or that which causes it."
],
"links": [
[
"Fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"Sapience",
"sapience"
],
[
"wisdom",
"wisdom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Fortitude, strength, or might; power innate to a living being:",
"Raw physical strength, endurance, or health."
],
"links": [
[
"Fortitude",
"fortitude"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"endurance",
"endurance"
],
[
"health",
"health"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Virtue (moral goodness or capability):",
"Glory, honourableness, or knightliness; that expected by chivalry."
],
"links": [
[
"Virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"honourableness",
"honourableness"
],
[
"knightliness",
"knightliness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] we should die for vices / and live with virtues, […]",
"ref": "c. 1460, Turpines story: a Middle English translation of the Pseudo-Turpin chronicle, published 2004, Capitulum viii, page 13",
"text": "[…]we sholde dyȝe for vicis / and liffe with vertuus,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Virtue (moral goodness or capability):",
"A particular virtue believed to be morally beneficial or good."
],
"links": [
[
"Virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Virtue (moral goodness or capability):",
"A moral directive or instruction or the body of them; morals."
],
"links": [
[
"Virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
],
[
"instruction",
"instruction"
],
[
"morals",
"morals"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One of several ranks of angels (being above \"powers\" and below \"dominions\")."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A military troop or band; a group of combatants."
],
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
],
[
"band",
"band"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A military troop or band; a group of combatants."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A title or appellation granted or bestowed upon a divinity."
],
"links": [
[
"title",
"title#English"
],
[
"appellation",
"appellation#English"
],
[
"divinity",
"divinity#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A title or appellation granted or bestowed upon a divinity."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛrtiu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvirtiu̯/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verteu"
},
{
"word": "vertew"
},
{
"word": "vertiwe"
},
{
"word": "vertue"
},
{
"word": "vertuu"
},
{
"word": "vertuwe"
},
{
"word": "vertwe"
},
{
"word": "virtew"
},
{
"word": "virtu"
},
{
"word": "virtue"
},
{
"word": "wertue"
},
{
"word": "vartu"
},
{
"word": "wartu"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "French: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: vertu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Old French vertu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French vertu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "vertus",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "vertu f (plural vertus)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "vertu f (plural vertus)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French feminine nouns",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"glosses": [
"virtue (goodness, moralness)"
],
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vertu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: vertu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "Scots: virtue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: virtue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "virtue"
},
"expansion": "English: virtue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: virtue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: vertu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vertu"
},
"expansion": "French: vertu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: vertu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "virtūs",
"4": "virtūs, virtūtem"
},
"expansion": "Latin virtūs, virtūtem",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin virtūs, virtūtem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vertu oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vertu",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vertus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "vertu oblique singular, f (oblique plural vertus, nominative singular vertu, nominative plural vertus)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"valour; honour; goodness; virtue"
],
"links": [
[
"valour",
"valour"
],
[
"honour",
"honour"
],
[
"goodness",
"goodness"
],
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "proeche"
},
{
"word": "cortoisie"
}
],
"word": "vertu"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vertu oblique singular or', originally 'vertu oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"vertu"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vertu oblique singular or', originally 'vertu oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"vertu"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertu",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'vertu oblique singular or' in 'vertu oblique singular, f (oblique plural vertus, nominative singular vertu, nominative plural vertus)'",
"path": [
"vertu"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vertu",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.