See tundra on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
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"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯндрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative and genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).",
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"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
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{
"kind": "place",
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"Nature",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "steppe-tundra"
},
{
"word": "tundra bean goose"
},
{
"word": "tundral"
},
{
"word": "Tundra Nenets"
},
{
"word": "tundra swan"
},
{
"word": "tundra tire"
},
{
"word": "tundra tyre"
},
{
"word": "tundra vole"
},
{
"word": "tundra wolf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flat and treeless Arctic biome."
],
"id": "en-tundra-en-noun-vWrG7cGR",
"links": [
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"treeless",
"treeless"
],
[
"Arctic",
"Arctic"
],
[
"biome",
"biome"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "toendra"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "nuf",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ヌﾌ"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundër"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tundrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُنْدْرَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "տունդրա"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ṭundrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ܛܘܼܢܕܪܵܐ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòngyuán",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "凍原 /冻原"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "táiyuán",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "苔原"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòngtǔcéng",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "凍土層 /冻土层"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"note": "тыа (tıa, literally “forest”)",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"note": "муора (muora, literally “sea”)",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "toendra"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundro"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frostmýra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toundra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṭundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ტუნდრა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tundra"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "toúntra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τούντρα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "toúndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τούνδρα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "nakilinaka"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "טוּנְדְרָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭuṇḍrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "टुंड्रा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tundrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "तुन्द्रा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "freðmýri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "túndra"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsundora",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ツンドラ"
},
{
"alt": "とうげん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōgen",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "凍原"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундра"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "кӧдіре"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tundeura",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "툰드라"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундра"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tundr",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундр"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "tundræ",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундрӕ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tundrâ",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "توندرا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundră"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту̑ндра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tȗndra"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "ködre",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "кӧдре"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундра"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "tundira",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "تۇندىرا"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "đài nguyên"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "đồng rêu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "lãnh nguyên"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "muskän"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twndra"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "tuundara",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "туундара"
},
{
"code": "esu",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "nunapik"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʌndɹə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-tundra.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg/En-us-tundra.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-tundra.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg/En-au-tundra.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧d‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-cs-noun-Z0ogsLyw",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundra]"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundru",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundruna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundruni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "tundru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (genitive singular tundru, uncountable)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f1"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-fo-noun-Z0ogsLyw",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frostmýri"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tanner",
"3": "tantere",
"4": "tunturi"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tanner, tantere, and tunturi",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar). Doublet of tanner, tantere, and tunturi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundratta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundritta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "arotundra"
},
{
"word": "tundrahanhi"
},
{
"word": "tundrahopeatäplä"
},
{
"word": "tundrakasvi"
},
{
"word": "tundrakasvillisuus"
},
{
"word": "tundrakirvinen"
},
{
"word": "tundrakurmitsa"
},
{
"word": "tundrarousku"
},
{
"word": "tundrasara"
},
{
"word": "tundrasusi"
},
{
"word": "tundraurpiainen"
},
{
"word": "tundravikla"
},
{
"word": "tundravyöhyke"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-fi-noun-Z0ogsLyw",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundrɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪un.drɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undrɑ"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundras)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-gl-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "тундра"
},
"expansion": "Russian тундра (tundra)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian тундра (tundra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tundra",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tund‧ra"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "izh",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "izh:Forests",
"parents": [
"Ecosystems",
"Forestry",
"Places",
"Ecology",
"Landforms",
"Applied sciences",
"Names",
"Biology",
"Earth",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "izh",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "izh:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "izh",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "izh:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "metsätundra"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How the Soviet rule is renewing the life of the tundra people.",
"ref": "1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 28:",
"text": "Kuin sovetin valta uuvvistaa tundran väen elon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-izh-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) tundra"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundrɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundr]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundrɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtund̥rɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-undr"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undrɑ"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian, from Kildin Sami.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundra",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a thundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a thundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na dtundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thundra",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dtundra",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "tundraí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "tundra",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra m (genitive singular tundra, nominative plural tundraí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "tundra m (genitive singular tundra, nominative plural tundraí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "ga:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-ga-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundre",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundre)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tùn‧dra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-it-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtun.dra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undra"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mežatundra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tundra",
"10": "tundrām",
"11": "tundrā",
"12": "tundrās",
"13": "tundra",
"14": "tundras",
"16": "",
"2": "tundras",
"3": "tundru",
"4": "tundras",
"5": "tundras",
"6": "tundru",
"7": "tundrai",
"8": "tundrām",
"9": "tundru",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Asia",
"orig": "lv:Asia",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Europe",
"orig": "lv:Europe",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "lv:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "North America",
"orig": "lv:North America",
"parents": [
"America",
"Earth",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "lv:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You may have heard of what is called \"the tundra\" in a film, TV series or documentary. But what is the tundra?",
"ref": "2024 December 20, Claudi Casals, kas ir tundra:",
"text": "Varbūt jūs kādreiz esat dzirdējuši par to, ko sauc par \"tundru\", gan filmā, gan seriālā, gan dokumentālajā filmā. Bet kas ir tundra?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (a natural zone that has developed in the arctic and subarctic zones and is characterised by low average temperatures, high humidity and short growing seasons)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-lv-noun-rkV4WKM4",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Asia",
"orig": "lv:Asia",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Europe",
"orig": "lv:Europe",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "North America",
"orig": "lv:North America",
"parents": [
"America",
"Earth",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (the geographical area in the arctic and subarctic zone between the arctic deserts and the forest tundra)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-lv-noun-zKY0nHIU",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundɾa]"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundraen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nb:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-nb-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:tundra"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundraen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trundraar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nn:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-nn-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:tundra"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "smi-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundrowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "tundrowy"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (related adjective tundrowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless Arctic biome)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-pl-noun-ydDEoGoD",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtun.dra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undra"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fr",
"3": "toundra"
},
"expansion": "French toundra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French toundra, from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundras)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "pt:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat, treeless region around the Arctic)"
],
"id": "en-tundra-pt-noun-OZHIfOev",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) tundra (flat, treeless region around the Arctic)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtũ.dɾɐ/"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tȗndra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндра",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "tȗndra"
},
"expansion": "tȗndra f (Cyrillic spelling ту̑ндра)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-sh-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tûːndra/"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundras)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-es-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:tundra"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundɾa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ũn̪.d̪ɾa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undɾa"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-or",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundror",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrors",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrorna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrornas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "tundra c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-or"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-sv-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"wikipedia": [
"sv:tundra"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "توندره"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish توندره",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "en",
"3": "tundra"
},
"expansion": "English tundra",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish توندره, from English tundra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundrayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundradan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrası",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrayım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarsın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundradır",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralardır",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrayız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarsınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralardır",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "tundrayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "tundralar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra (definite accusative tundrayı, plural tundralar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "tundra (definite accusative tundrayı, plural tundralar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"poss": "1",
"pred": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 17 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-tundra-tr-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tundɾa/"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧d‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine nouns",
"Czech hard feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundra]"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "steppe-tundra"
},
{
"word": "tundra bean goose"
},
{
"word": "tundral"
},
{
"word": "Tundra Nenets"
},
{
"word": "tundra swan"
},
{
"word": "tundra tire"
},
{
"word": "tundra tyre"
},
{
"word": "tundra vole"
},
{
"word": "tundra wolf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯндрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative and genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "tundra (countable and uncountable, plural tundras)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dolgan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khakas translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shor translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yup'ik translations",
"en:Asia",
"en:Europe",
"en:Geography",
"en:North America"
],
"glosses": [
"A flat and treeless Arctic biome."
],
"links": [
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"treeless",
"treeless"
],
[
"Arctic",
"Arctic"
],
[
"biome",
"biome"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʌndɹə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-tundra.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg/En-us-tundra.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-tundra.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg/En-au-tundra.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "toendra"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "nuf",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ヌﾌ"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundër"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tundrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تُنْدْرَا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "տունդրա"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ṭundrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ܛܘܼܢܕܪܵܐ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòngyuán",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "凍原 /冻原"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "táiyuán",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "苔原"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòngtǔcéng",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "凍土層 /冻土层"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"note": "тыа (tıa, literally “forest”)",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"note": "муора (muora, literally “sea”)",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "toendra"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundro"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frostmýra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toundra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṭundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ტუნდრა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tundra"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "toúntra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τούντρα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "toúndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τούνδρα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "nakilinaka"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "טוּנְדְרָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ṭuṇḍrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "टुंड्रा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tundrā",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "तुन्द्रा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "freðmýri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "túndra"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsundora",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "ツンドラ"
},
{
"alt": "とうげん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōgen",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "凍原"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундра"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "кӧдіре"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tundeura",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "툰드라"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундра"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tundr",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундр"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "tundræ",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундрӕ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tundrâ",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "توندرا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundră"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту̑ндра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tȗndra"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "ködre",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "кӧдре"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tundra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "тундра"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "túndra",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ту́ндра"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "tundira",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "تۇندىرا"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "tundra"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "đài nguyên"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "đồng rêu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "lãnh nguyên"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "muskän"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twndra"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "tuundara",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "туундара"
},
{
"code": "esu",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"sense": "flat treeless arctic region",
"word": "nunapik"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundru",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundruna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundruni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "tundru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (genitive singular tundru, uncountable)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f1"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese feminine nouns",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese nouns",
"Faroese terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Faroese terms derived from Russian",
"Faroese uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "frostmýri"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "arotundra"
},
{
"word": "tundrahanhi"
},
{
"word": "tundrahopeatäplä"
},
{
"word": "tundrakasvi"
},
{
"word": "tundrakasvillisuus"
},
{
"word": "tundrakirvinen"
},
{
"word": "tundrakurmitsa"
},
{
"word": "tundrarousku"
},
{
"word": "tundrasara"
},
{
"word": "tundrasusi"
},
{
"word": "tundraurpiainen"
},
{
"word": "tundravikla"
},
{
"word": "tundravyöhyke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tanner",
"3": "tantere",
"4": "tunturi"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tanner, tantere, and tunturi",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar). Doublet of tanner, tantere, and tunturi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundratta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundritta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundristansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 2-syllable words",
"Finnish doublets",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish koira-type nominals",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish nouns",
"Finnish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Finnish terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Finnish terms derived from Russian",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Finnish/undrɑ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/undrɑ/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless arctic biome)"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundrɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪un.drɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undrɑ"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundras)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "metsätundra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "тундра"
},
"expansion": "Russian тундра (tundra)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian тундра (tundra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tundra",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tund‧ra"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Ingrian terms derived from Russian",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ingrian terms with quotations",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/undr",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/undr/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/undrɑ",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/undrɑ/2 syllables",
"izh:Forests",
"izh:Geography",
"izh:Landforms"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How the Soviet rule is renewing the life of the tundra people.",
"ref": "1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 28:",
"text": "Kuin sovetin valta uuvvistaa tundran väen elon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) tundra"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundrɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundr]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundrɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtund̥rɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-undr"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undrɑ"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian, from Kildin Sami.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundra",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a thundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a thundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "an tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na dtundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na tundraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thundra",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dtundra",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "tundraí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "tundra",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra m (genitive singular tundra, nominative plural tundraí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "tundra m (genitive singular tundra, nominative plural tundraí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish fourth-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Irish terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ga:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundre",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundre)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tùn‧dra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Italian terms derived from Russian",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/undra",
"Rhymes:Italian/undra/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtun.dra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undra"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Asia",
"lv:Europe",
"lv:Geography",
"lv:Landforms",
"lv:North America"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mežatundra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tundr",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tundra",
"10": "tundrām",
"11": "tundrā",
"12": "tundrās",
"13": "tundra",
"14": "tundras",
"16": "",
"2": "tundras",
"3": "tundru",
"4": "tundras",
"5": "tundras",
"6": "tundru",
"7": "tundrai",
"8": "tundrām",
"9": "tundru",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You may have heard of what is called \"the tundra\" in a film, TV series or documentary. But what is the tundra?",
"ref": "2024 December 20, Claudi Casals, kas ir tundra:",
"text": "Varbūt jūs kādreiz esat dzirdējuši par to, ko sauc par \"tundru\", gan filmā, gan seriālā, gan dokumentālajā filmā. Bet kas ir tundra?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (a natural zone that has developed in the arctic and subarctic zones and is characterised by low average temperatures, high humidity and short growing seasons)"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tundra (the geographical area in the arctic and subarctic zone between the arctic deserts and the forest tundra)"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundɾa]"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundraen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nb:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:tundra"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundraen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trundraar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nn:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:tundra"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "smi-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundrowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "tundrowy"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (related adjective tundrowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Polish terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Samic",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/undra",
"Rhymes:Polish/undra/2 syllables",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat and treeless Arctic biome)"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtun.dra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undra"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fr",
"3": "toundra"
},
"expansion": "French toundra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French toundra, from Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundras)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from French",
"Portuguese terms derived from French",
"Portuguese terms derived from Russian",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pt:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra (flat, treeless region around the Arctic)"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) tundra (flat, treeless region around the Arctic)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtũ.dɾɐ/"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tȗndra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндра",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "tȗndra"
},
"expansion": "tȗndra f (Cyrillic spelling ту̑ндра)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Russian",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tûːndra/"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "tundra f (plural tundras)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tun‧dra"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/undɾa",
"Rhymes:Spanish/undɾa/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:tundra"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtundɾa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ũn̪.d̪ɾa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-undɾa"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯннтрэ"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯннтрэ (tūnntre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯнтар (tūntar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-or",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundror",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrors",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrorna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrornas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "tundra c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-or"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Swedish terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Swedish terms derived from Russian"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"wikipedia": [
"sv:tundra"
]
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "توندره"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish توندره",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "en",
"3": "tundra"
},
"expansion": "English tundra",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish توندره, from English tundra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tundrayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundradan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrası",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundraları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrandan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundramızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundranızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrayım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarsın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundradır",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralardır",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrayız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundrasınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralarsınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tundralardır",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "tundrayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "tundralar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tundra (definite accusative tundrayı, plural tundralar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "tundra (definite accusative tundrayı, plural tundralar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a",
"poss": "1",
"pred": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from English",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tundɾa/"
}
],
"word": "tundra"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tundra meaning in All languages combined (74.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": permafrost vs. dòngtǔcéng",
"path": [
"tundra"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tundra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: tundra/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"tundra"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tundra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"tundra"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tundra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"tundra"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tundra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "tundra/English/noun: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"dlg\", \"lang\": \"Dolgan\", \"note\": \"тыа (tıa, literally “forest”)\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\"}: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"steppe-tundra\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra bean goose\"}, {\"word\": \"tundral\"}, {\"word\": \"Tundra Nenets\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra swan\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra tire\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra tyre\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra vole\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra wolf\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ru\", \"3\": \"ту́ндра\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian ту́ндра (túndra)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"sjd\", \"3\": \"тӯндрэ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative and genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"tundras\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"tundra (countable and uncountable, plural tundras)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Russian\", \"English terms derived from Kildin Sami\", \"English terms derived from Russian\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations\", \"Pages with 17 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Ainu translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dolgan translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hawaiian translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khakas translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Ossetian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Shor translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uyghur translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yakut translations\", \"Terms with Yup'ik translations\", \"en:Asia\", \"en:Europe\", \"en:Geography\", \"en:North America\"], \"glosses\": [\"A flat and treeless Arctic biome.\"], \"links\": [[\"flat\", \"flat\"], [\"treeless\", \"treeless\"], [\"Arctic\", \"Arctic\"], [\"biome\", \"biome\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈtʌndɹə/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-tundra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg/En-us-tundra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-tundra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg/En-au-tundra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"toendra\"}, {\"code\": \"ain\", \"lang\": \"Ainu\", \"roman\": \"nuf\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ヌﾌ\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundër\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"tundrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"تُنْدْرَا\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"տունդրա\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"ṭundrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ܛܘܼܢܕܪܵܐ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dòngyuán\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"凍原 /冻原\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"táiyuán\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"苔原\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dòngtǔcéng\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"凍土層 /冻土层\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"dlg\", \"lang\": \"Dolgan\", \"note\": \"тыа (tıa, literally “forest”)\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\"}, {\"code\": \"dlg\", \"lang\": \"Dolgan\", \"note\": \"муора (muora, literally “sea”)\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"toendra\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundro\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"frostmýra\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"toundra\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ṭundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ტუნდრა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"toúntra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τούντρα\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"toúndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τούνδρα\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"nakilinaka\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"טוּנְדְרָה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ṭuṇḍrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"टुंड्रा\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tundrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"तुन्द्रा\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"freðmýri\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"túndra\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tsundora\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ツンドラ\"}, {\"alt\": \"とうげん\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tōgen\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"凍原\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундра\"}, {\"code\": \"kjh\", \"lang\": \"Khakas\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"кӧдіре\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"tundeura\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"툰드라\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундра\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"tundr\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундр\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"os\", \"lang\": \"Ossetian\", \"roman\": \"tundræ\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундрӕ\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tundrâ\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"توندرا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundră\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту̑ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tȗndra\"}, {\"code\": \"cjs\", \"lang\": \"Shor\", \"roman\": \"ködre\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"кӧдре\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундра\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"ug\", \"lang\": \"Uyghur\", \"roman\": \"tundira\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"تۇندىرا\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"đài nguyên\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"đồng rêu\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"lãnh nguyên\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"muskän\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"twndra\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"tuundara\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"туундара\"}, {\"code\": \"esu\", \"lang\": \"Yup'ik\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"nunapik\"}], \"word\": \"tundra\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tundra",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "tundra/English/noun: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"dlg\", \"lang\": \"Dolgan\", \"note\": \"муора (muora, literally “sea”)\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\"}: {\"derived\": [{\"word\": \"steppe-tundra\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra bean goose\"}, {\"word\": \"tundral\"}, {\"word\": \"Tundra Nenets\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra swan\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra tire\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra tyre\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra vole\"}, {\"word\": \"tundra wolf\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ru\", \"3\": \"ту́ндра\"}, \"expansion\": \"Russian ту́ндра (túndra)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"sjd\", \"3\": \"тӯндрэ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Borrowed from Russian ту́ндра (túndra), from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative and genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"tundras\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"~\"}, \"expansion\": \"tundra (countable and uncountable, plural tundras)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from Russian\", \"English terms derived from Kildin Sami\", \"English terms derived from Russian\", \"English uncountable nouns\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations\", \"Pages with 17 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Ainu translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with 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Khakas translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Ossetian translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Shor translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Uyghur translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Yakut translations\", \"Terms with Yup'ik translations\", \"en:Asia\", \"en:Europe\", \"en:Geography\", \"en:North America\"], \"glosses\": [\"A flat and treeless Arctic biome.\"], \"links\": [[\"flat\", \"flat\"], [\"treeless\", \"treeless\"], [\"Arctic\", \"Arctic\"], [\"biome\", \"biome\"]], \"tags\": [\"countable\", \"uncountable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈtʌndɹə/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-tundra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg/En-us-tundra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/En-us-tundra.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-au-tundra.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg/En-au-tundra.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/En-au-tundra.ogg\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"toendra\"}, {\"code\": \"ain\", \"lang\": \"Ainu\", \"roman\": \"nuf\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ヌﾌ\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundër\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"tundrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"تُنْدْرَا\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"տունդրա\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"ṭundrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ܛܘܼܢܕܪܵܐ\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dòngyuán\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"凍原 /冻原\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"táiyuán\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"苔原\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dòngtǔcéng\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"凍土層 /冻土层\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"dlg\", \"lang\": \"Dolgan\", \"note\": \"тыа (tıa, literally “forest”)\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\"}, {\"code\": \"dlg\", \"lang\": \"Dolgan\", \"note\": \"муора (muora, literally “sea”)\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"toendra\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundro\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"frostmýra\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"toundra\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"ṭundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ტუნდრა\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"toúntra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τούντρα\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"toúndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τούνδρα\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"nakilinaka\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"טוּנְדְרָה\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"ṭuṇḍrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"टुंड्रा\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tundrā\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"तुन्द्रा\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"freðmýri\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"túndra\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tsundora\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"ツンドラ\"}, {\"alt\": \"とうげん\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"tōgen\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"凍原\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундра\"}, {\"code\": \"kjh\", \"lang\": \"Khakas\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"кӧдіре\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"tundeura\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"툰드라\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундра\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"tundr\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундр\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"os\", \"lang\": \"Ossetian\", \"roman\": \"tundræ\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундрӕ\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"tundrâ\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"توندرا\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundră\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту̑ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tȗndra\"}, {\"code\": \"cjs\", \"lang\": \"Shor\", \"roman\": \"ködre\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"кӧдре\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"tundra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"тундра\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"túndra\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ту́ндра\"}, {\"code\": \"ug\", \"lang\": \"Uyghur\", \"roman\": \"tundira\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"تۇندىرا\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"tundra\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"đài nguyên\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"đồng rêu\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"lãnh nguyên\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"muskän\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"twndra\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"tuundara\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"туундара\"}, {\"code\": \"esu\", \"lang\": \"Yup'ik\", \"sense\": \"flat treeless arctic region\", \"word\": \"nunapik\"}], \"word\": \"tundra\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "tundra",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.