See sharpen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sharpen meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "blur"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sharpener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sharpen up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scharpenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scharpenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scharpnen"
},
"expansion": "scharpnen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sharp",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "sharp + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scharpenen, scharpnen, equivalent to sharp + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sharpens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sharpening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sharpened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sharpened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sharpen (third-person singular simple present sharpens, present participle sharpening, simple past and past participle sharpened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sharpen a pencil or a knife or a musical note",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26",
"text": "The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives.[…]who, if anyone, is policing their use. Such concerns were sharpened further by the continuing revelations about how the US National Security Agency (NSA) has been using algorithms to help it interpret the colossal amounts of data it has collected from its covert dragnet of international telecommunications.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make sharp."
],
"id": "en-sharpen-en-verb-Rn7Gw0AF",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sometimes figurative) To make sharp."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"sometimes",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "srel",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "սրել"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "itiləmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "zorroztu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ostrja",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "остря"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "toča",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "точа"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hkywan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ချွန်"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "esmolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "agusar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gvtliha",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ᎬᏟᎭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xuējiān",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "削尖"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "qayramaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostřit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "skærpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "scherpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "slijpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "aanscherpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "akrigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "et",
"english": "a tooth/teeth",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ihuma hammast/hambaid"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "teravdama (teravda)"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "et",
"english": "a pencil",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "teritama pliiatsit (terita)"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "teroittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affûter"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "aiguiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "spiçâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "afiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "aguzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arrudà"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "galesva",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "გალესვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ac̣veṭeba",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "წაწვეტება"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣amaxva",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "წამახვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "moṗirva",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "მოპირვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"english": "blade",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "schärfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "spitzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "akonízo",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ακονίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "oxúnō",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ὀξύνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "painā karnā",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "पैना करना"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "élesít"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hegyez"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kihegyez"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"english": "whet a knife",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "fen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "köszörül"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "mengasah"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hiuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kirahuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "faobhraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "géaraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arrotare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affilare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "molare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affinare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "とぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togu",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "研ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "けずる",
"code": "ja",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kezuru",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "削る"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ngasah"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ūştau",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ұштау"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑmruəc",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "សំរួច"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "acuō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "schäerfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "schläifen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "óstri",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "о́стри"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tóči",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "то́чи"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "šíli",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ши́ли"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "asah"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "oroi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "whakakoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "whakaratarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mi",
"english": "a sound or an image",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "whakangangahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xurclax",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хурцлах"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "irlex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ирлэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bilüüdex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "билүүдэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "үрэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üzüürlex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "үзүүрлэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "qurčalaqu",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "irlekü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠢᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bilegüdekü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠬᠦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürükü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üǰügürlekü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "piwe-",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "пивэ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "suli-",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "сули-"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nrf",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "appointchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "skjerpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kvesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hvesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "skjerpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kvesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "agusar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "qaruu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostrzyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of a blade",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "afiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of a point",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "apontar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ascuți"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "točítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "точи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatočítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заточи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "natočítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наточи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potočítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поточи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arrodare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "arrodare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arruddà"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "šiljiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "šiliti"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ošiliti"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "afilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "vässa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "padunupeṭṭu",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "పదునుపెట్టు"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"note": "of a blade",
"roman": "láp",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ลับ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"note": "of a point",
"roman": "lǎo",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "เหลา"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zahóstrjuvaty",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "заго́стрювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zahostrýty",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загостри́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "mài"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "vót"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "japükön"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "vo",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "tipükön"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "rawijhî"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "shinmî"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "rishinmî"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become sharp."
],
"id": "en-sharpen-en-verb-gXJSm7Gx",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become sharp."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɑɹpən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɑːpən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)pən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "figurative sense",
"word": "hone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "whet"
}
],
"word": "sharpen"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "blur"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)pən",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)pən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sharpener"
},
{
"word": "sharpen up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scharpenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scharpenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scharpnen"
},
"expansion": "scharpnen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sharp",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "sharp + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scharpenen, scharpnen, equivalent to sharp + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sharpens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sharpening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sharpened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sharpened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sharpen (third-person singular simple present sharpens, present participle sharpening, simple past and past participle sharpened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sharpen a pencil or a knife or a musical note",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26",
"text": "The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives.[…]who, if anyone, is policing their use. Such concerns were sharpened further by the continuing revelations about how the US National Security Agency (NSA) has been using algorithms to help it interpret the colossal amounts of data it has collected from its covert dragnet of international telecommunications.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make sharp."
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sometimes figurative) To make sharp."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"sometimes",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become sharp."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become sharp."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɑɹpən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɑːpən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)pən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sharpen.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "figurative sense",
"word": "hone"
},
{
"word": "whet"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "srel",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "սրել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "itiləmək"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "zorroztu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ostrja",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "остря"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "toča",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "точа"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hkywan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ချွန်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "esmolar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "agusar"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gvtliha",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ᎬᏟᎭ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xuējiān",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "削尖"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "qayramaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostřit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "skærpe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "scherpen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "slijpen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "aanscherpen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "akrigi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"english": "a tooth/teeth",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ihuma hammast/hambaid"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "teravdama (teravda)"
},
{
"code": "et",
"english": "a pencil",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "teritama pliiatsit (terita)"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "teroittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affiler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affûter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "aiguiser"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "spiçâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "afiar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "aguzar"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arrudà"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "galesva",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "გალესვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ac̣veṭeba",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "წაწვეტება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣amaxva",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "წამახვა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "moṗirva",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "მოპირვა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "blade",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "schärfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "spitzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "akonízo",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ακονίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "oxúnō",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ὀξύνω"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "painā karnā",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "पैना करना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "élesít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hegyez"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kihegyez"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"english": "whet a knife",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "fen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "köszörül"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "mengasah"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hiuttaa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kirahuttaa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "faobhraigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "géaraigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arrotare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affilare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "molare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "affinare"
},
{
"alt": "とぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togu",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "研ぐ"
},
{
"alt": "けずる",
"code": "ja",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kezuru",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "削る"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ngasah"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ūştau",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ұштау"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑmruəc",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "សំរួច"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "acuō"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "schäerfen"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "schläifen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "óstri",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "о́стри"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tóči",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "то́чи"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "šíli",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ши́ли"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "asah"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "oroi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "whakakoi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "whakaratarata"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "a sound or an image",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "whakangangahu"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xurclax",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хурцлах"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "irlex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ирлэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bilüüdex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "билүүдэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "үрэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üzüürlex",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "үзүүрлэх"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "qurčalaqu",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "irlekü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠢᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bilegüdekü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠬᠦ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ürükü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üǰügürlekü",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "piwe-",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "пивэ-"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "suli-",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "сули-"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "appointchi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "skjerpe"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kvesse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hvesse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "skjerpe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "kvesse"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "agusar"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "qaruu"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostrzyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of a blade",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "afiar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of a point",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "apontar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ascuți"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "točítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "точи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatočítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "заточи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "natočítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наточи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potočítʹ",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поточи́ть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arrodare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "arrodare"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "arruddà"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "šiljiti"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "šiliti"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ošiliti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "afilar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "vässa"
},
{
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "hasa"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "padunupeṭṭu",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "పదునుపెట్టు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"note": "of a blade",
"roman": "láp",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "ลับ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"note": "of a point",
"roman": "lǎo",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "เหลา"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zahóstrjuvaty",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "заго́стрювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zahostrýty",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "загостри́ти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "mài"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "vót"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "japükön"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "pencil",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "tipükön"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "rawijhî"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "shinmî"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to make sharp",
"word": "rishinmî"
}
],
"word": "sharpen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.