See refrain on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for refrain meaning in All languages combined (30.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-",
"4": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "refreynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English refreynen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "refraindre"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman refraindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "refreindre"
},
"expansion": "Middle French refreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refringere"
},
"expansion": "Latin refringere",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "refrener"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman refrener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "refrener"
},
"expansion": "Middle French refrener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refrenare"
},
"expansion": "Latin refrenare",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English refreynen, from Anglo-Norman refraindre, Middle French refreindre (from Latin refringere), and Anglo-Norman refrener, Middle French refrener (from Latin refrenare).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refraining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "refrained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "refrain (third-person singular simple present refrains, present participle refraining, simple past and past participle refrained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To hold back, to restrain (someone or something)."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-verb-wAE0fRQJ",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To hold back, to restrain (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Sabine Baring-Gould, A Book of the West, Volume 1 Chapter 18",
"text": "As I went down the river, all dissatisfaction at my lot passed away, and by the time Dartmouth came in view I could no longer refrain myself, but threw my cap into the air, and barely caught it from falling overboard as I shouted, \"Hurrah for merry England![…]\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To show restraint; to hold oneself back."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-verb-DCF83Aws",
"links": [
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive, archaic) To show restraint; to hold oneself back."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To repress (a desire, emotion etc.); to check or curb."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-verb-NAyO18JL",
"links": [
[
"repress",
"repress"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, now rare) To repress (a desire, emotion etc.); to check or curb."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "July 5, 1731, Jonathan Swift, letter to Vanessa\nIf you knew how I struggle for a little health, what uneasiness I am at in riding and walking, and refraining from every thing agreeable to my taste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-verb-bQayWu1S",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from#English"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"abstain",
"abstain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with preposition \"from\") To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with preposition \"from\""
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"alt": "+ عَنْ",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "اِمْتَنَعَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzdǎržam se",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "въздържам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdržet se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyvarovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"alt": "+ od",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upustit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyhnout se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "zich niet inlaten met"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "pidättäytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "se retenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "s’abstenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "sich enthalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "+ auf",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "verzichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "absehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "unterlassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "sich zurückhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "Abstand nehmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "contenersi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "frenarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "whakakāti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "whakakeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "avholde seg"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xoddâri kardan",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "خودداری کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymywać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "abster-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "vzdržati se"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "abstenerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "retenerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 0 53 38",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "ǀa̰ã"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abstain from (food or drink)."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-verb-Jc5RJh63",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"abstain",
"abstain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare, regional) To abstain from (food or drink)."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"regional",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-refrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg/En-us-refrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"alt": "+ عَنْ",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "اِمْتَنَعَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "saqınmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzdǎržam se",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "въздържам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bìmiǎn",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "避免"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièchú",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "戒除"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdržet se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyvarovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"alt": "+ od",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upustit"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyhnout se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "afholde sig"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "afstå"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "zich onthouden"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"with-elative"
],
"word": "pidättyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "s’abstenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "sich enthalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "+ auf",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "verzichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "absehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "unterlassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "sich zurückhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "Abstand nehmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "astenersi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"alt": "つつしむ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsutsushimu",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "慎む"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"alt": "さしひかえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sashihikaeru",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "差し控える"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "parcō"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "from food and drink",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "wainamu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avholde seg"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avstå"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymywać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "abster-se (de)"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "воздержа́ться (vozderžátʹsja) (от (ot) + genitive case)",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "возде́рживаться (vozdérživatʹsja) (от (ot) + genitive case)",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "vzdržati se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "abstenerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avhålla sig"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avstå"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "låta bli"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "utrýmuvatysja",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "утри́муватися"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 0 3 49 44",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "utrýmatysja",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "утри́матися"
}
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "refrain"
},
"expansion": "French refrain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "refraindre",
"t": "to break off, repeat"
},
"expansion": "refraindre (“to break off, repeat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "re-",
"t": "back, again"
},
"expansion": "Latin re- (“back, again”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frangō",
"t": "break"
},
"expansion": "frangō (“break”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "refranhs",
"t": "a refrain"
},
"expansion": "Occitan refranhs (“a refrain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "refranher",
"t": "to repeat"
},
"expansion": "refranher (“to repeat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refract"
},
"expansion": "refract",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refrain"
},
"expansion": "refrain",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French refrain, from the Old French verb refraindre (“to break off, repeat”), from Latin re- (“back, again”) + frangō (“break”); compare Occitan refranhs (“a refrain”), refranher (“to repeat”). See refract and the verb refrain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "refrain (plural refrains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 33 4 3 5 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1949, George Orwell, chapter 1, in Nineteen Eighty-Four",
"text": "For perhaps as much as thirty seconds they kept it up. It was a refrain that was often heard in moments of overwhelming emotion. Partly it was a sort of hymn to the wisdom and majesty of Big Brother, but still more it was an act of self-hypnosis, a deliberate drowning of consciousness by means of rhythmic noise.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The chorus or burden of a song repeated at the end of each verse or stanza."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-noun-ngL7fq~8",
"links": [
[
"chorus",
"chorus"
],
[
"burden",
"burden#English:_music"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"repeat",
"repeat"
],
[
"verse",
"verse"
],
[
"stanza",
"stanza"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lāzima",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لَازِمَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qarār",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قَرَار"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krknerg",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "կրկներգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "nəqərat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prypjéŭ",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прыпе́ў"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэфрэ́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prípev",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́пев"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tornada"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùgē",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "副歌"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrén"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refræn"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkvæd"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refrein"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "morojutko",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "мороютко"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refreno"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refrään"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "kertosäe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trebello"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lelia"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fao"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "retrouso"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "repreni",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "რეფრენი"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "misamɣeri",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "მისამღერი"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Refrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kehrreim"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epodós",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επωδός"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pizmón",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פִּזְמוֹן"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רֶפְרֵן"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refrén"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refreno"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loinneog"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ritornello"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rifurēn",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "リフレーン"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "くりかえしく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurikaeshiku",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "繰り返し句"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaiyrma",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "қайырма"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cha",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "ឆា៎"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saadaan",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "សាដាន"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"alt": "後斂",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huryeom",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "후렴"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ripeurein",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "리프레인"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kayırma",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "кайырма"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼa nu bot",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "ອະນຸບົດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sǭi",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "ສອຽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "priedainis"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrenas"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "korus"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "korihi"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "èrfrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refreng"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkved"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refreng"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkvede"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrão"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pripév",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "припе́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sèist"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "рѐфре̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́пев"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́пјев"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rèfrēn"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prípev"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prípjev"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrén"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estribillo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "refräng"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkväde"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "pabini"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "pabinian"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "naqarot",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "нақарот"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "quşımta",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "кушымта"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sɔ̂i",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "สร้อย"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "nakarat"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prýspiv",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́спів"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "naqarot"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "điệp khúc"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "resploe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rifrin"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A much repeated comment, complaint, or saying."
],
"id": "en-refrain-en-noun-t-a8bLSZ",
"links": [
[
"comment",
"comment"
],
[
"complaint",
"complaint"
],
[
"saying",
"saying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A much repeated comment, complaint, or saying."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "old saw"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-refrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg/En-us-refrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"refrain"
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "refræn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: refræn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: refræn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refrain",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: refrain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: refrain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Refrain",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Refrain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Refrain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ρεφρέν",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: ρεφρέν (refrén)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: ρεφρέν (refrén)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "refrán",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: refrán",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: refrán"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "refrait"
},
"expansion": "Old French refrait",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "refraindre"
},
"expansion": "refraindre",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*refrangere"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *refrangere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "refringo",
"4": "refringere"
},
"expansion": "Latin refringere",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of Old French refrait, past participle of the verb refraindre (based on the verb's infinitive), itself from Vulgar Latin *refrangere, from Latin refringere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "refrain m (plural refrains)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "changer de refrain"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refrain, chorus"
],
"id": "en-refrain-fr-noun-FKW7l~Pm",
"links": [
[
"refrain",
"refrain#English"
],
[
"chorus",
"chorus"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁə.fʁɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-refrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Fr-refrain.ogg/Fr-refrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-refrain.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fr",
"3": "refrain",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French refrain",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fr",
"3": "refrain"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French refrain",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French refrain.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "refrain m (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refrain"
],
"id": "en-refrain-it-noun-BA9SHSwB",
"links": [
[
"refrain",
"refrain#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ritornello"
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-",
"4": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "refreynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English refreynen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "refraindre"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman refraindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "refreindre"
},
"expansion": "Middle French refreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refringere"
},
"expansion": "Latin refringere",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "refrener"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman refrener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "refrener"
},
"expansion": "Middle French refrener",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refrenare"
},
"expansion": "Latin refrenare",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English refreynen, from Anglo-Norman refraindre, Middle French refreindre (from Latin refringere), and Anglo-Norman refrener, Middle French refrener (from Latin refrenare).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "refraining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "refrained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "refrained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "refrain (third-person singular simple present refrains, present participle refraining, simple past and past participle refrained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To hold back, to restrain (someone or something)."
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To hold back, to restrain (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English reflexive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Sabine Baring-Gould, A Book of the West, Volume 1 Chapter 18",
"text": "As I went down the river, all dissatisfaction at my lot passed away, and by the time Dartmouth came in view I could no longer refrain myself, but threw my cap into the air, and barely caught it from falling overboard as I shouted, \"Hurrah for merry England![…]\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To show restraint; to hold oneself back."
],
"links": [
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive, archaic) To show restraint; to hold oneself back."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To repress (a desire, emotion etc.); to check or curb."
],
"links": [
[
"repress",
"repress"
],
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"curb",
"curb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, now rare) To repress (a desire, emotion etc.); to check or curb."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "July 5, 1731, Jonathan Swift, letter to Vanessa\nIf you knew how I struggle for a little health, what uneasiness I am at in riding and walking, and refraining from every thing agreeable to my taste"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain."
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from#English"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"abstain",
"abstain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with preposition \"from\") To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with preposition \"from\""
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"Regional English"
],
"glosses": [
"To abstain from (food or drink)."
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"abstain",
"abstain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare, regional) To abstain from (food or drink)."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"regional",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-refrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg/En-us-refrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"alt": "+ عَنْ",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "اِمْتَنَعَ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "saqınmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzdǎržam se",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "въздържам се"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bìmiǎn",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "避免"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièchú",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "戒除"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdržet se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyvarovat se"
},
{
"alt": "+ od",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upustit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyhnout se"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "afholde sig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "afstå"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "zich onthouden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"with-elative"
],
"word": "pidättyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "s’abstenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "sich enthalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "+ auf",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "verzichten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "absehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "unterlassen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "sich zurückhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "Abstand nehmen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "astenersi"
},
{
"alt": "つつしむ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsutsushimu",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "慎む"
},
{
"alt": "さしひかえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sashihikaeru",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "差し控える"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "parcō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "from food and drink",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "wainamu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avholde seg"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avstå"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymywać się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymać się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "abster-se (de)"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "воздержа́ться (vozderžátʹsja) (от (ot) + genitive case)",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "возде́рживаться (vozdérživatʹsja) (от (ot) + genitive case)",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "vzdržati se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "abstenerse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avhålla sig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "avstå"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"word": "låta bli"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "utrýmuvatysja",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "утри́муватися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "utrýmatysja",
"sense": "to abstain (from) — see also abstain",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "утри́матися"
},
{
"alt": "+ عَنْ",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "اِمْتَنَعَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzdǎržam se",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "въздържам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdržet se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyvarovat se"
},
{
"alt": "+ od",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upustit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyhnout se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "zich niet inlaten met"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "pidättäytyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "se retenir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "s’abstenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "sich enthalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "+ auf",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "verzichten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "absehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "unterlassen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "sich zurückhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"with-von"
],
"word": "Abstand nehmen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "contenersi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "frenarsi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "whakakāti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "whakakeke"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "avholde seg"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xoddâri kardan",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "خودداری کردن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymywać się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powstrzymać się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "abster-se"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "vzdržati se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "abstenerse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "retenerse"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "to keep oneself from action",
"word": "ǀa̰ã"
}
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "refrain"
},
"expansion": "French refrain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "refraindre",
"t": "to break off, repeat"
},
"expansion": "refraindre (“to break off, repeat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "re-",
"t": "back, again"
},
"expansion": "Latin re- (“back, again”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frangō",
"t": "break"
},
"expansion": "frangō (“break”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "refranhs",
"t": "a refrain"
},
"expansion": "Occitan refranhs (“a refrain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "refranher",
"t": "to repeat"
},
"expansion": "refranher (“to repeat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refract"
},
"expansion": "refract",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refrain"
},
"expansion": "refrain",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French refrain, from the Old French verb refraindre (“to break off, repeat”), from Latin re- (“back, again”) + frangō (“break”); compare Occitan refranhs (“a refrain”), refranher (“to repeat”). See refract and the verb refrain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "refrain (plural refrains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1949, George Orwell, chapter 1, in Nineteen Eighty-Four",
"text": "For perhaps as much as thirty seconds they kept it up. It was a refrain that was often heard in moments of overwhelming emotion. Partly it was a sort of hymn to the wisdom and majesty of Big Brother, but still more it was an act of self-hypnosis, a deliberate drowning of consciousness by means of rhythmic noise.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The chorus or burden of a song repeated at the end of each verse or stanza."
],
"links": [
[
"chorus",
"chorus"
],
[
"burden",
"burden#English:_music"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"repeat",
"repeat"
],
[
"verse",
"verse"
],
[
"stanza",
"stanza"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A much repeated comment, complaint, or saying."
],
"links": [
[
"comment",
"comment"
],
[
"complaint",
"complaint"
],
[
"saying",
"saying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A much repeated comment, complaint, or saying."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "old saw"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-refrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg/En-us-refrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-refrain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lāzima",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لَازِمَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qarār",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قَرَار"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krknerg",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "կրկներգ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "nəqərat"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prypjéŭ",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прыпе́ў"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэфрэ́н"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prípev",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́пев"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tornada"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùgē",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "副歌"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrén"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refræn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkvæd"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refrein"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "morojutko",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "мороютко"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refreno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refrään"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "kertosäe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trebello"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lelia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fao"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "retrouso"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "repreni",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "რეფრენი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "misamɣeri",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "მისამღერი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Refrain"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kehrreim"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epodós",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επωδός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pizmón",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פִּזְמוֹן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רֶפְרֵן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refrén"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "refreno"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loinneog"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ritornello"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rifurēn",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "リフレーン"
},
{
"alt": "くりかえしく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurikaeshiku",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "繰り返し句"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaiyrma",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "қайырма"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cha",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "ឆា៎"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saadaan",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "សាដាន"
},
{
"alt": "後斂",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "huryeom",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "후렴"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ripeurein",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "리프레인"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kayırma",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "кайырма"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ʼa nu bot",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "ອະນຸບົດ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sǭi",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "ສອຽ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrēns"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "priedainis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrenas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "korus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "korihi"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "èrfrain"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refreng"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkved"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refreng"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkvede"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pripév",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "припе́в"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sèist"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "рѐфре̄н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́пев"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́пјев"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rèfrēn"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prípev"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "prípjev"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refrén"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "refren"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estribillo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "refräng"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omkväde"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "pabini"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "pabinian"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "naqarot",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "нақарот"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "quşımta",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "кушымта"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sɔ̂i",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "สร้อย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "nakarat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prýspiv",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́спів"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "refrén",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефре́н"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "naqarot"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "burden of song",
"word": "điệp khúc"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "resploe"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "burden of song",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rifrin"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"refrain"
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "changer de refrain"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "refræn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: refræn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: refræn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refrain",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: refrain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: refrain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Refrain",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Refrain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Refrain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ρεφρέν",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: ρεφρέν (refrén)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: ρεφρέν (refrén)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "refrán",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: refrán",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: refrán"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "refrait"
},
"expansion": "Old French refrait",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "refraindre"
},
"expansion": "refraindre",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*refrangere"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *refrangere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "refringo",
"4": "refringere"
},
"expansion": "Latin refringere",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of Old French refrait, past participle of the verb refraindre (based on the verb's infinitive), itself from Vulgar Latin *refrangere, from Latin refringere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refrains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "refrain m (plural refrains)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"refrain, chorus"
],
"links": [
[
"refrain",
"refrain#English"
],
[
"chorus",
"chorus"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁə.fʁɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-refrain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/Fr-refrain.ogg/Fr-refrain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-refrain.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fr",
"3": "refrain",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French refrain",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fr",
"3": "refrain"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French refrain",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French refrain.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "refrain m (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian indeclinable nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from French",
"Italian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"refrain"
],
"links": [
[
"refrain",
"refrain#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ritornello"
}
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "refrain"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": imtanaʕa (+ ʕan) vs. + عَنْ",
"path": [
"refrain"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "refrain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": imtanaʕa (+ ʕan) vs. + عَنْ",
"path": [
"refrain"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "refrain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.