See pugna on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pugna meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-ca-verb-89tNli~r",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-ca-verb-nT4xa2zE",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnō",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight, oppose"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (“to fight, oppose”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-",
"t": "prick, punch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pugna, from pugnō (“to fight, oppose”), from pugnus (“fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugne",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (plural pugne)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gna"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fight, battle, combat"
],
"id": "en-pugna-it-noun-QaswpoRm",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally and figuratively) fight, battle, combat"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively",
"literally",
"literary",
"obsolete",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dispute, quarrel"
],
"id": "en-pugna-it-noun-L1bDSY8I",
"links": [
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary",
"obsolete",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲa"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gna"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto VI, p. 91, vv. 25-27",
"text": "E 'l duca mio distese le sue spanne, ¶ prese la terra, e con piene le pugna, ¶ la gittò dentro a le bramose canne.\nAnd my Conductor, with his spans extended, ¶ took of the earth, and with his fists well filled, ¶ he threw it into those rapacious gullets.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of pugno"
],
"id": "en-pugna-it-noun-gANFEonA",
"links": [
[
"pugno",
"pugno#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲa"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gna"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 10 2 71 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-it-verb-yks3-ONz",
"links": [
[
"pugnare",
"pugnare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-it-verb-wGOUZIrz",
"links": [
[
"pugnare",
"pugnare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲa"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnicula"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnō",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (“to fight”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "",
"4": "a fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“a fist”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pugnō (“to fight”), from pugnus (“a fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugna<1>"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (genitive pugnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnācitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnāciter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnāculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnantia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnātōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnātrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnāx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 39 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 19 27 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "la:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fight, battle, combat, action"
],
"id": "en-pugna-la-noun-FXZS1o57",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "proelium"
},
{
"word": "bellum"
},
{
"word": "duellum"
},
{
"word": "dimicatio"
},
{
"word": "certamen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 44 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 39 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a line of battle, troops drawn up for battle"
],
"id": "en-pugna-la-noun-Lk3mzIiP",
"links": [
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"troops",
"troops"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 39 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a contest, dispute, quarrel"
],
"id": "en-pugna-la-noun-iHTqidYe",
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certatus"
},
{
"word": "rixa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡ.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "pugnā"
},
"expansion": "pugnā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of pugnō"
],
"id": "en-pugna-la-verb-TpmjqJ~Q",
"links": [
[
"pugnō",
"pugno#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pugna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (plural pugnas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"combat; battle; fight"
],
"id": "en-pugna-pt-noun-yLGjYALw",
"links": [
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batalha"
},
{
"word": "combate"
},
{
"word": "luta"
},
{
"word": "peleja"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"struggle"
],
"id": "en-pugna-pt-noun-crJo-CYq",
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) struggle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batalha"
},
{
"word": "luta"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 64 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-pt-verb-89tNli~r",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-pt-verb-nT4xa2zE",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pugna",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin pugna",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pugna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (plural pugnas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fight; ruckus"
],
"id": "en-pugna-es-noun-npsZF6Fl",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"ruckus",
"ruckus"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"struggle"
],
"id": "en-pugna-es-noun-crJo-CYq",
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"battle"
],
"id": "en-pugna-es-noun-FvXiMi0F",
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡna/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɣ̞.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡna"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 65 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-es-verb-89tNli~r",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pugna-es-verb-nT4xa2zE",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡna/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɣ̞.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡna"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Catalan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian literary terms",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian obsolete terms",
"Italian poetic terms",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲa",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲa/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnō",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight, oppose"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (“to fight, oppose”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-",
"t": "prick, punch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pugna, from pugnō (“to fight, oppose”), from pugnus (“fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugne",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (plural pugne)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gna"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fight, battle, combat"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally and figuratively) fight, battle, combat"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively",
"literally",
"literary",
"obsolete",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dispute, quarrel"
],
"links": [
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary",
"obsolete",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲa"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun forms",
"Italian obsolete terms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲa",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲa/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gna"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto VI, p. 91, vv. 25-27",
"text": "E 'l duca mio distese le sue spanne, ¶ prese la terra, e con piene le pugna, ¶ la gittò dentro a le bramose canne.\nAnd my Conductor, with his spans extended, ¶ took of the earth, and with his fists well filled, ¶ he threw it into those rapacious gullets.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of pugno"
],
"links": [
[
"pugno",
"pugno#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲa"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲa",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲa/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gna"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnare",
"pugnare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnare",
"pugnare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲa"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"la:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugnicula"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnō",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (“to fight”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "",
"4": "a fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“a fist”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pugnō (“to fight”), from pugnus (“a fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugna<1>"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (genitive pugnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pugnācitās"
},
{
"word": "pugnāciter"
},
{
"word": "pugnāculum"
},
{
"word": "pugnantia"
},
{
"word": "pugnātor"
},
{
"word": "pugnātōrius"
},
{
"word": "pugnātrix"
},
{
"word": "pugnāx"
},
{
"word": "pugneus"
},
{
"word": "pugnitus"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
},
{
"word": "pugnus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a fight, battle, combat, action"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "proelium"
},
{
"word": "bellum"
},
{
"word": "duellum"
},
{
"word": "dimicatio"
},
{
"word": "certamen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a line of battle, troops drawn up for battle"
],
"links": [
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"troops",
"troops"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a contest, dispute, quarrel"
],
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "certatus"
},
{
"word": "rixa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡ.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"la:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "pugnā"
},
"expansion": "pugnā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of pugnō"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnō",
"pugno#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pugna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (plural pugnas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"combat; battle; fight"
],
"links": [
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batalha"
},
{
"word": "combate"
},
{
"word": "luta"
},
{
"word": "peleja"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"struggle"
],
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) struggle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "batalha"
},
{
"word": "luta"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡna",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡna/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pugna",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin pugna",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pugna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pugna f (plural pugnas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fight; ruckus"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"ruckus",
"ruckus"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"struggle"
],
"links": [
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"battle"
],
"links": [
[
"battle",
"battle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡna/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɣ̞.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡna"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡna",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡna/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pugnar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡna/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɣ̞.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡna"
}
],
"word": "pugna"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.