See pugno on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pugno meaning in All languages combined (36.2kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnar"
],
"id": "en-pugno-ca-verb-RwwInqxV",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "it",
"3": "pugno",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Italian pugno",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "it",
"3": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian pugno",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugnus",
"t": "fist; handful"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poing"
},
"expansion": "French poing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "pojno"
},
"expansion": "pojno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "ponardo"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ponardo",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian pugno, from Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”). Compare French poing. Related to pojno. Doublet of ponardo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnon",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnoj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnojn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugno (accusative singular pugnon, plural pugnoj, accusative plural pugnojn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧no"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He angrily swung his fist at me. \"Fight me already!\" he cried.",
"text": "Li kolerplene svingis al mi sian pugnon. \"Nun min batalu!\" li kriis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-pugno-eo-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɡno]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡno"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "pugnos",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pugno (plural pugnos)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugno (plural pugnos)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-pugno-ia-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "impugnare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pugnale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pugnare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pugnello"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pugno di ferro"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "μπουνιά",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugnus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pugnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pugnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*puǵnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pewǵ-",
"t": "prick, punch"
},
"expansion": "*pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pugnus, from Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugna",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"literary",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "+",
"pl2": "pugna",
"pl2_g": "f",
"pl2_qual": "archaic or literary"
},
"expansion": "pugno m (plural pugni or (archaic or literary) pugna f)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gno"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 18 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian nouns that change gender in the plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 17 17 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple plurals",
"Nouns by inflection type",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-pugno-it-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 17 17 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple plurals",
"Nouns by inflection type",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punch"
],
"id": "en-pugno-it-noun-5NkW-p0u",
"links": [
[
"punch",
"punch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 17 17 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple plurals",
"Nouns by inflection type",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fistful, handful"
],
"id": "en-pugno-it-noun-iRF5Tt9x",
"links": [
[
"fistful",
"fistful"
],
[
"handful",
"handful"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 17 17 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian nouns with multiple plurals",
"parents": [
"Nouns with multiple plurals",
"Nouns by inflection type",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In reality, for decades Repubblicans have been losing by a handful of votes.",
"ref": "2020 September 24, Massimo Basile, “Biden sì, ma non troppo: nel Minnesota di Floyd nessun voto è scontato [Biden yes, but not too much: in Floyd's Minnesota no vote is taken for granted]”, in la Repubblica",
"text": "In realtà da decenni qui i repubblicani perdono per un pugno di voti.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"small quantity; handful"
],
"id": "en-pugno-it-noun-xueD-SrH",
"links": [
[
"quantity",
"quantity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, by extension) small quantity; handful"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲo"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gno"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 1 4 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnare"
],
"id": "en-pugno-it-verb-14ARBIDx",
"links": [
[
"pugnare",
"pugnare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲo"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "-ō",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”) + -ō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pugnus (“fist”) + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"head": "pugnō"
},
"expansion": "pugnō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 21 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative singular of pugnus"
],
"id": "en-pugno-la-noun-uJ6kFM~i",
"links": [
[
"pugnus",
"pugnus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡ.noː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲːo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "appugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dēpugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "expugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "impugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "oppugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prōpugnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnantia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnax"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnāculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "repugnō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "puñar"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: puñar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: puñar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "punyar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: punyar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: punyar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pugnier"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pugnier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pugnier"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "puignier"
},
"expansion": "Old French: puignier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: puignier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pugner"
},
"expansion": "French: pugner",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pugner"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "puñar",
"3": "pugnar"
},
"expansion": "Galician: puñar, pugnar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: puñar, pugnar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pugnare"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pugnare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pugnare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "punhar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: punhar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: punhar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "puñar",
"3": "pugnar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: puñar, pugnar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: puñar, pugnar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "punnare"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: punnare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: punnare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "-ō",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”) + -ō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pugnus (“fist”) + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvī",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābitis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvistī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāstī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvistis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāstis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvērunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāveram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāveris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāveritis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāritis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāmur",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
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"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābātur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāberis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābitur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābimur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābiminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābuntur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + present active indicative of sum",
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"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
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"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + future active indicative of sum",
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"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnētis",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnent",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārētis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārent",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverim",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverīs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārīs",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverit",
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"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārit",
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"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverīmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārīmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverītis",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārītis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverint",
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"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārint",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissem",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissēs",
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"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssēs",
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvisset",
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāsset",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissēmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssēmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissētis",
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssētis",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissent",
"source": "conjugation",
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugner",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnētur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārētur",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēmur",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēminī",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnā",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātōte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnantō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnantor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātūrum esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum īrī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāns",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātūrus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātū",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "pugnō"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (present infinitive pugnāre, perfect active pugnāvī, supine pugnātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "pugnō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnicula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnāciter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnācitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnātrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pugnātōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 33 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -av-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 21 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fight, combat, battle, engage"
],
"id": "en-pugno-la-verb-xYNdKdb5",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "repugnō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "dēcernō"
},
{
"word": "committō"
},
{
"word": "concurrō"
},
{
"word": "certō"
},
{
"word": "bellō"
},
{
"word": "dīmicō"
},
{
"word": "cōnflīgō"
},
{
"word": "serō"
},
{
"word": "dēcertō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 18 43 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 21 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to contend, conflict, oppose, contradict"
],
"id": "en-pugno-la-verb-TWhW8NP8",
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"contradict",
"contradict"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 21 31 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to endeavour, struggle, strive"
],
"id": "en-pugno-la-verb-yziwwXiJ",
"links": [
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "ēlabōrō"
},
{
"word": "certō"
},
{
"word": "cōnītor"
},
{
"word": "cōnor"
},
{
"word": "appetō"
},
{
"word": "temptō"
},
{
"word": "affectō"
},
{
"word": "tendō"
},
{
"word": "quaerō"
},
{
"word": "studeō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "adnītor"
},
{
"word": "labōrō"
},
{
"word": "īnsequor"
},
{
"word": "molior"
},
{
"word": "perīclitor"
},
{
"word": "nītor"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡ.noː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲːo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnar"
],
"id": "en-pugno-pt-verb-RwwInqxV",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧no"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnar"
],
"id": "en-pugno-es-verb-RwwInqxV",
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡno/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɣ̞.no]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡno"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnar"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "it",
"3": "pugno",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Italian pugno",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "it",
"3": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian pugno",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugnus",
"t": "fist; handful"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poing"
},
"expansion": "French poing",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "pojno"
},
"expansion": "pojno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "ponardo"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ponardo",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian pugno, from Latin pugnus (“fist; handful”). Compare French poing. Related to pojno. Doublet of ponardo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnon",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnoj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnojn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugno (accusative singular pugnon, plural pugnoj, accusative plural pugnojn)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧no"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto doublets",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto nouns",
"Esperanto terms borrowed from Italian",
"Esperanto terms derived from Italian",
"Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with usage examples",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/uɡno"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He angrily swung his fist at me. \"Fight me already!\" he cried.",
"text": "Li kolerplene svingis al mi sian pugnon. \"Nun min batalu!\" li kriis.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɡno]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡno"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "pugnos",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pugno (plural pugnos)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugno (plural pugnos)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian nouns that change gender in the plural",
"Italian nouns with multiple plurals",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲo",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲo/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impugnare"
},
{
"word": "pugnale"
},
{
"word": "pugnare"
},
{
"word": "pugnello"
},
{
"word": "pugno di ferro"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "μπουνιά",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "pugnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugnus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pugnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pugnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*puǵnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pewǵ-",
"t": "prick, punch"
},
"expansion": "*pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pugnus, from Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugna",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"literary",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "+",
"pl2": "pugna",
"pl2_g": "f",
"pl2_qual": "archaic or literary"
},
"expansion": "pugno m (plural pugni or (archaic or literary) pugna f)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gno"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"punch"
],
"links": [
[
"punch",
"punch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fistful, handful"
],
"links": [
[
"fistful",
"fistful"
],
[
"handful",
"handful"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In reality, for decades Repubblicans have been losing by a handful of votes.",
"ref": "2020 September 24, Massimo Basile, “Biden sì, ma non troppo: nel Minnesota di Floyd nessun voto è scontato [Biden yes, but not too much: in Floyd's Minnesota no vote is taken for granted]”, in la Repubblica",
"text": "In realtà da decenni qui i repubblicani perdono per un pugno di voti.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"small quantity; handful"
],
"links": [
[
"quantity",
"quantity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, by extension) small quantity; handful"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲo"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲo",
"Rhymes:Italian/uɲɲo/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pù‧gno"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnare"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnare",
"pugnare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɲɲo"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first conjugation verbs",
"Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -av-",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verbs",
"Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "-ō",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”) + -ō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pugnus (“fist”) + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"head": "pugnō"
},
"expansion": "pugnō m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative/ablative singular of pugnus"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnus",
"pugnus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡ.noː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲːo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first conjugation verbs",
"Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -av-",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verbs",
"Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "appugnō"
},
{
"word": "compugnō"
},
{
"word": "dēpugnō"
},
{
"word": "expugnō"
},
{
"word": "impugnō"
},
{
"word": "oppugnō"
},
{
"word": "prōpugnō"
},
{
"word": "pugna"
},
{
"word": "pugnantia"
},
{
"word": "pugnax"
},
{
"word": "pugnus"
},
{
"word": "pugnāculum"
},
{
"word": "pugnātor"
},
{
"word": "repugnō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "puñar"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: puñar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: puñar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "punyar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: punyar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: punyar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pugnier"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pugnier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pugnier"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "puignier"
},
"expansion": "Old French: puignier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: puignier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pugner"
},
"expansion": "French: pugner",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pugner"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "puñar",
"3": "pugnar"
},
"expansion": "Galician: puñar, pugnar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: puñar, pugnar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pugnare"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pugnare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pugnare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "punhar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: punhar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: punhar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "puñar",
"3": "pugnar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: puñar, pugnar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: puñar, pugnar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "punnare"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: punnare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: punnare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "-ō",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”) + -ō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pugnus (“fist”) + -ō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvī",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābitis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvistī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāstī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvistis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāstis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvērunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāveram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāveris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāveritis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāritis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābātur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāberis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābitur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābimur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābiminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnābuntur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + present active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + future active indicative of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnētis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārētis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverīs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārīs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverīmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārīmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverītis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārītis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāverint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvisset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāsset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissēmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssēmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissētis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssētis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvissent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāssent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugner",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnētur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnēminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārētur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārēminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārentur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnā",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātōte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnantō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnantor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāvisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāsse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātūrum esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnārī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum esse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum īrī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnāns",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātūrus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnandō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnātū",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "pugnō"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (present infinitive pugnāre, perfect active pugnāvī, supine pugnātum); first conjugation",
"name": "la-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1+.poet-sync-perf",
"2": "pugnō"
},
"name": "la-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "pugneus"
},
{
"word": "pugnicula"
},
{
"word": "pugnitus"
},
{
"word": "pugnus"
},
{
"word": "pugnāciter"
},
{
"word": "pugnācitās"
},
{
"word": "pugnātrix"
},
{
"word": "pugnātōrius"
},
{
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fight, combat, battle, engage"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
],
[
"battle",
"battle"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "repugnō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "dēcernō"
},
{
"word": "committō"
},
{
"word": "concurrō"
},
{
"word": "certō"
},
{
"word": "bellō"
},
{
"word": "dīmicō"
},
{
"word": "cōnflīgō"
},
{
"word": "serō"
},
{
"word": "dēcertō"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to contend, conflict, oppose, contradict"
],
"links": [
[
"contend",
"contend"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"contradict",
"contradict"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to endeavour, struggle, strive"
],
"links": [
[
"endeavour",
"endeavour"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lūctor"
},
{
"word": "ēlabōrō"
},
{
"word": "certō"
},
{
"word": "cōnītor"
},
{
"word": "cōnor"
},
{
"word": "appetō"
},
{
"word": "temptō"
},
{
"word": "affectō"
},
{
"word": "tendō"
},
{
"word": "quaerō"
},
{
"word": "studeō"
},
{
"word": "contendō"
},
{
"word": "adnītor"
},
{
"word": "labōrō"
},
{
"word": "īnsequor"
},
{
"word": "molior"
},
{
"word": "perīclitor"
},
{
"word": "nītor"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡ.noː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɲ.ɲo/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲːo]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnar"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pugno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pug‧no"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡno",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡno/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pugnar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of pugnar"
],
"links": [
[
"pugnar",
"pugnar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuɡno/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɣ̞.no]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡno"
}
],
"word": "pugno"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.