See perverse on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for perverse meaning in All languages combined (27.9kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "tractable"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "amenable"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perverse incentive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perversely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perverseness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perversity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "polymorph-perverse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perverse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perverse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "pervers",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "Old French pervers",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perversum",
"t": "thoroughly turned"
},
"expansion": "Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pervertere"
},
"expansion": "pervertere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per-",
"t": "thoroughly"
},
"expansion": "per- (“thoroughly”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertere",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "vertere (“to turn”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perverse, pervers, from Old French pervers, from Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”), past participle of pervertere, from per- (“thoroughly”) + vertere (“to turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more perverse",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "perverser",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most perverse",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "perversest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more",
"2": "perverser"
},
"expansion": "perverse (comparative more perverse or perverser, superlative most perverse or perversest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "obstinate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "quarrelsome"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧verse"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "bite off one's nose to spite one's face"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 3 15 5 2 30 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1872, The Gentleman's Magazine - Volume 232, page 367",
"text": "Any man who succeeds in diverting the public taste, or in turning back a perverse stream which will flow in the direction of the ditch, leaves a mark, as it were, and cannot be overlooked by posterity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Harrison Mujica-Jenkins, The Ninth Hour, page 221221",
"text": "But in the same sense are modern Nietzsche's screams against the perverse (diverted) diffusion of these elemental pleas to reason for “reasons,” for the reasons—and place—of our fall in nonsense.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Robert Saucy, Minding the Heart: The Way of Spiritual Transformation",
"text": "The diverted or perverse way is also not an easy path to walk. It is rightly called “crooked” and “twisting.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turned aside while against something, splitting off from a thing."
],
"id": "en-perverse-en-adj-kWACFQrd",
"links": [
[
"splitting off",
"split off"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1967, Alexander Lowen, The Betrayal of the Body, U.S.A.: Macmillan Publishing Company, published 1969, page 13",
"text": "Looking at Barbara one would have considerable difficulty detecting a perverse side to her nature. Her expression was demure, shy, and apprehensive. But she recognized the demonic aspect of her personality and admitted it.\nI felt most alive when I felt most perverse. At college, sleeping with boys had a perverse quality. I slept with a boy friend of one of my girl friends, and I was proud of it. I bragged about it because I had done something perverse. Another time, I slept with a man, fat and ugly, who paid me for it. I was very proud. I felt I had the ability to do something different.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Morally wrong or evil; wicked; perverted."
],
"id": "en-perverse-en-adj-prMcB1cs",
"links": [
[
"Morally",
"morally"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"perverted",
"perverted"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable."
],
"id": "en-perverse-en-adj-0QZtITcW",
"links": [
[
"Obstinately",
"obstinately"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"intractable",
"intractable"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opǎrničav",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "опърничав"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "viroglav",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "вироглав"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "uppiniskainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "jääräpäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "abartig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "widernatürlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsumujimagari",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "旋毛曲がり"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tvŕdoglav",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "твр́доглав"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "protívrečen",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "проти́вречен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "korokē"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "hōkeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "kōrori"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 62 34 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protivorečaščij",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "противоречащий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845",
"text": "[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Eric Sims, Jing Cynthia Wu, and Ji Zhang, The Four-Equation New Keynesian Model, The Review of Economics and Statistics 105(4), pp. 931--947",
"text": "Where this perverse sign flip occurs depends on the values of other parameters […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Wayward; vexing; contrary."
],
"id": "en-perverse-en-adj-26LfquNA",
"links": [
[
"Wayward",
"wayward"
],
[
"vexing",
"vexing"
],
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions."
],
"id": "en-perverse-en-adj-tw8QRNeP",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Ignoring",
"ignore"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"judge",
"judge"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, of a verdict) Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a verdict"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 97",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions",
"word": "ainbhreitheach"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈvɝs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈvɜːs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-perverse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-perverse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-perverse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-perverse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-perverse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "contrary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "cross"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "froward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "intractable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "petulant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "stubborn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "ungovernable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "untoward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "vexatious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "vexing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "wayward"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvraten",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "извратен"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perverzen",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "перверзен"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "akis"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "perverzní"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "perverssi"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "kieroutunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pèvès"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsumujimagari",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "旋毛曲がり"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "izópačen",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "изо́пачен"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nástran",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "на́стран"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pérverzen",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "пе́рверзен"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "afulīċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "ġedwolen"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "balâde",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "بلاده"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izvraščónnyj",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "извращённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "perverzan"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 44 4 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "sapık"
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perverse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perverse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "pervers",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "Old French pervers",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perversum",
"t": "thoroughly turned"
},
"expansion": "Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pervertere"
},
"expansion": "pervertere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per-",
"t": "thoroughly"
},
"expansion": "per- (“thoroughly”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertere",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "vertere (“to turn”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perverse, pervers, from Old French pervers, from Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”), past participle of pervertere, from per- (“thoroughly”) + vertere (“to turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perverses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perverse (plural perverses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per‧verse"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "en:Geometry",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tendril perversion"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Robert Edgar Allardice, Spherical Geometry",
"text": "If two antipodal points move continuously on the sphere, they trace out what are called symmetric figures. These figures have corresponding elements equal, and are equal in area, but are not in general superposable. The one is, in fact, the perverse of the other.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chiral opposite of something; a mirror image with opposite handedness."
],
"id": "en-perverse-en-noun-iv-qSdk4",
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"chiral",
"chiral"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
],
[
"mirror image",
"mirror image"
],
[
"handedness",
"handedness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) A chiral opposite of something; a mirror image with opposite handedness."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈvɝs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈvɜːs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)s"
},
{
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],
[
"stubborn",
"stubborn"
],
[
"intractable",
"intractable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845",
"text": "[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Eric Sims, Jing Cynthia Wu, and Ji Zhang, The Four-Equation New Keynesian Model, The Review of Economics and Statistics 105(4), pp. 931--947",
"text": "Where this perverse sign flip occurs depends on the values of other parameters […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Wayward; vexing; contrary."
],
"links": [
[
"Wayward",
"wayward"
],
[
"vexing",
"vexing"
],
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Ignoring",
"ignore"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence"
],
[
"judge",
"judge"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, of a verdict) Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a verdict"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈvɝs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈvɜːs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)s"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-perverse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-perverse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-M%C3%A9lange_a_trois-perverse.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "contrary"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "cross"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "froward"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "intractable"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "petulant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "stubborn"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "ungovernable"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "untoward"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "vexatious"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "vexing"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:perverse",
"word": "wayward"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izvraten",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "извратен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perverzen",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "перверзен"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "akis"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "perverzní"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "perverssi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "kieroutunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pèvès"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsumujimagari",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "旋毛曲がり"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "izópačen",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "изо́пачен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nástran",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "на́стран"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pérverzen",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "пе́рверзен"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "afulīċ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "ġedwolen"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "balâde",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "بلاده"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izvraščónnyj",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "извращённый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "perverzan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the (morally) right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted",
"word": "sapık"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opǎrničav",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "опърничав"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "viroglav",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "вироглав"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "uppiniskainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "jääräpäinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "pervers"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "abartig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "widernatürlich"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsumujimagari",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "旋毛曲がり"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tvŕdoglav",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "твр́доглав"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "protívrečen",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "проти́вречен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "korokē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "hōkeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"word": "kōrori"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "protivorečaščij",
"sense": "Obstinately in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "противоречащий"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions",
"word": "ainbhreitheach"
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)s",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)s/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tendril perversion"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perverse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perverse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "pervers",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "Old French pervers",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perversum",
"t": "thoroughly turned"
},
"expansion": "Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "pervertere"
},
"expansion": "pervertere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"t": "thoroughly"
},
"expansion": "per- (“thoroughly”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertere",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "vertere (“to turn”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perverse, pervers, from Old French pervers, from Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”), past participle of pervertere, from per- (“thoroughly”) + vertere (“to turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perverses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "perverse (plural perverses)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Geometry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Robert Edgar Allardice, Spherical Geometry",
"text": "If two antipodal points move continuously on the sphere, they trace out what are called symmetric figures. These figures have corresponding elements equal, and are equal in area, but are not in general superposable. The one is, in fact, the perverse of the other.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chiral opposite of something; a mirror image with opposite handedness."
],
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"chiral",
"chiral"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
],
[
"mirror image",
"mirror image"
],
[
"handedness",
"handedness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) A chiral opposite of something; a mirror image with opposite handedness."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈvɝs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈvɜːs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)s"
},
{
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"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)s",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)s/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perverse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perverse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pervers"
},
"expansion": "pervers",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old French pervers",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
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"t": "thoroughly turned"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertere",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "vertere (“to turn”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perverse, pervers, from Old French pervers, from Latin perversum (“thoroughly turned”), past participle of pervertere, from per- (“thoroughly”) + vertere (“to turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perverses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perversing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perversed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perversed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1545, John Bale, Image of Both Churches",
"text": "This rule hath been always for the commodity of that kingdom, where as the powers have been thus by them perversed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852 February 6, Louis Kossuth, Address delivered before the General Assembly of Ohio",
"text": "And though impartial history now and then cast the alow (halo) of a martyr over an unsuccessful patriot's grave; yet even that was not always sure; tyrants often perversed history, sullied by adulation or by fear; — but whetever that last verdict might have been; for him who dared to struggle against despotism, when he struggled in vain, there was no honor on earth; victorious tyranny marked the front of virtue with the brand of a criminal.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Winter Laake, Enter-The Vampire",
"text": "That I have loved you My most puissant disciple I am the fabric of life and death Humanity has perversed the truth",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Maurits Zwankhuizen, The Desert Rose Inn",
"text": "A second sun burst for an instant at first, Then glittered and glinted and twilight perversed And limbs limned in red quenched the sands of their thirst, The limbs of a human by all the Fates cursed;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pervert."
],
"links": [
[
"pervert",
"pervert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard) To pervert."
],
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈvɝs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈvɜːs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)s"
},
{
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
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},
"expansion": "perverse",
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}
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
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{
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"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
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],
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}
],
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],
"links": [
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"pervers#French"
]
],
"tags": [
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}
],
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}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
"categories": [
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],
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"expansion": "perverse",
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"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pervers"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
"strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"pervers",
"pervers#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pervers"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
"strong nominative/accusative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"pervers",
"pervers#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pervers"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
"weak nominative all-gender singular"
],
"links": [
[
"pervers",
"pervers#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pervers"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n## strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular\n## strong nominative/accusative plural\n## weak nominative all-gender singular\n## weak accusative feminine/neuter singular",
"weak accusative feminine/neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"pervers",
"pervers#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pervers:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-perverse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/De-perverse.ogg/De-perverse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/De-perverse.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "perverse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian adjective forms",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perverso"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of perverso"
],
"links": [
[
"perverso",
"perverso#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form"
},
"expansion": "perverse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perversus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of perversus"
],
"links": [
[
"perversus",
"perversus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "perverse"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.