See keep up on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kepen up",
"t": "to perpetuate, maintain, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kepen up (“to perpetuate, maintain, preserve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "keep",
"3": "up",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "keep + up",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kepen up (“to perpetuate, maintain, preserve”), equivalent to keep + up.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keeps up",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keeping up",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kept up",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kept up",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "keep<,,kept> up"
},
"expansion": "keep up (third-person singular simple present keeps up, present participle keeping up, simple past and past participle kept up)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "47 38 15 0 0 0",
"word": "keepie-uppie"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 38 15 0 0 0",
"word": "keep it up"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 38 15 0 0 0",
"word": "keep up appearances"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 38 15 0 0 0",
"word": "keep up with"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 38 15 0 0 0",
"word": "keep up with the Joneses"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 38 15 0 0 0",
"word": "keep up with the times"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, The Daily Telegraph, London:",
"text": "The NRA is pumping groundwater into the River Itchen in Hampshire to keep up its flow and is trying to save three streams, the Tong, the Little Stour and the Dour from going dry this summer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling."
],
"id": "en-keep_up-en-verb-RUdVpbV2",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"preserve",
"preserve"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
],
[
"deteriorating",
"deteriorating"
],
[
"falling",
"fall#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "caltener"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "udržovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udržet"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "hoitaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "pitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "säilyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "conserver"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "mantenere"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "conservare"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "tueor"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "manter"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "întreține"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "menține"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soxranjatʹ",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сохранять"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podderživatʹ",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "поддерживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "mantener"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "conservar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 5 0 3 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "underhålla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 40:",
"text": "Non obstante the Change of Religion, the Plough-boies, and also the Schooleboies will keep-up and retain their old Ceremonies and Customes and priviledges.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Tennis World, Sussex: Presswatch:",
"text": "Keep up the good work of entertaining your fans on court Steffi; we know you can do it; your fans are behind you all the way.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Hugh Barty-King, The worst poverty, Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd, pages 85–203:",
"text": "If the borrower could no longer afford to keep up the payments, the longer he stayed in the home the more the interest bill mounted.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To continue with (work, etc)."
],
"id": "en-keep_up-en-verb-vuuOJR6k",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, idiomatic) To continue with (work, etc)."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "continue with",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pokračovat (s)"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "jatkaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continuer"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "weitermachen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continuare"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "mantenere"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "manter"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continua"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prodolžatʹ",
"sense": "continue with",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "продолжать"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continuar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 79 4 5 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "fortsätta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They ran so fast I could hardly keep up.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Rooney and his team-mates started ponderously, as if sensing the enormity of the occasion, but once Scholes began to link with Ryan Giggs in the middle of the park, the visitors increased the tempo with Sunderland struggling to keep up.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 September 8, Howard Johnston, “Network News: HS2 jobs boost - but skills shortage a concern”, in RAIL, number 939, page 16:",
"text": "However, there are some warning signs. Phases 1 and 2A labour requirements are expected to peak at around 26,500 over the next two years, and there will be a constant labour demand until 2025-26, but there are signs that the skills training programmes may not be able to keep up.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stay even or ahead."
],
"id": "en-keep_up-en-verb-McqYUi7r",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, idiomatic) To stay even or ahead."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 97 0 0 2",
"sense": "stay even or ahead",
"word": "keep pace"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ayaqlaşmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ne izostavam",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "не изоставам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udržet se"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "udržovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "držet krok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "bijblijven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "pysyä mukana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "even",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "pysyä perässä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "mithalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "Schritt halten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "lépést tart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "stare al passo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nadążać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nadążyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "acompanhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "manter-se atualizado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ține pasul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "seguir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "mantener el ritmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ir al paso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "atener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "hinna med"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "hålla jämna steg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "hänga med"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ayak uydurmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 98 0 0 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "yetişmek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I always try to keep up with (or \"keep up on\") current affairs.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ensure that one remains well-informed about something."
],
"id": "en-keep_up-en-verb-XugZTqJz",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "pysyä mukana"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "pysyä perässä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "pitää ajan tasalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "rimanere aggiornato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "ține pasul"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "no rezargarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "mantenerse al día"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "atenerse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 92 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "hänga med"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The crying baby kept me up all night",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep"
],
"id": "en-keep_up-en-verb-wOifpscj",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 1 0 2 85 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep",
"word": "valvottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 0 2 85 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xenychtó",
"sense": "To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep",
"word": "ξενυχτώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 0 2 85 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep",
"word": "ține treaz"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "keep down"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Printing",
"orig": "en:Printing",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 2 13 33 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 3 12 26 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English phrasal verbs formed with \"up\"",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 4 21 22 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 5 2 12 30 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 2 12 29 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 4 14 21 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 16 21 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 3 14 21 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 13 20 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 14 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 3 16 20 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 14 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 16 20 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 5 13 21 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 3 13 21 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 13 21 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 4 14 21 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 5 16 20 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 14 22 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 14 21 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 16 20 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 3 11 19 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 3 14 21 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 3 16 21 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use capital letters as much as reasonable."
],
"id": "en-keep_up-en-verb-jSr1eEDf",
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, printing) To use capital letters as much as reasonable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "En-au-keep up.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-au-keep_up.ogg/En-au-keep_up.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-au-keep_up.ogg"
}
],
"word": "keep up"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English phrasal verbs",
"English phrasal verbs formed with \"up\"",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "keepie-uppie"
},
{
"word": "keep it up"
},
{
"word": "keep up appearances"
},
{
"word": "keep up with"
},
{
"word": "keep up with the Joneses"
},
{
"word": "keep up with the times"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kepen up",
"t": "to perpetuate, maintain, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kepen up (“to perpetuate, maintain, preserve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "keep",
"3": "up",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "keep + up",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kepen up (“to perpetuate, maintain, preserve”), equivalent to keep + up.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keeps up",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keeping up",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kept up",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kept up",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "keep<,,kept> up"
},
"expansion": "keep up (third-person singular simple present keeps up, present participle keeping up, simple past and past participle kept up)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, The Daily Telegraph, London:",
"text": "The NRA is pumping groundwater into the River Itchen in Hampshire to keep up its flow and is trying to save three streams, the Tong, the Little Stour and the Dour from going dry this summer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling."
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"preserve",
"preserve"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
],
[
"deteriorating",
"deteriorating"
],
[
"falling",
"fall#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 40:",
"text": "Non obstante the Change of Religion, the Plough-boies, and also the Schooleboies will keep-up and retain their old Ceremonies and Customes and priviledges.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Tennis World, Sussex: Presswatch:",
"text": "Keep up the good work of entertaining your fans on court Steffi; we know you can do it; your fans are behind you all the way.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Hugh Barty-King, The worst poverty, Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd, pages 85–203:",
"text": "If the borrower could no longer afford to keep up the payments, the longer he stayed in the home the more the interest bill mounted.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To continue with (work, etc)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, idiomatic) To continue with (work, etc)."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They ran so fast I could hardly keep up.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Rooney and his team-mates started ponderously, as if sensing the enormity of the occasion, but once Scholes began to link with Ryan Giggs in the middle of the park, the visitors increased the tempo with Sunderland struggling to keep up.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 September 8, Howard Johnston, “Network News: HS2 jobs boost - but skills shortage a concern”, in RAIL, number 939, page 16:",
"text": "However, there are some warning signs. Phases 1 and 2A labour requirements are expected to peak at around 26,500 over the next two years, and there will be a constant labour demand until 2025-26, but there are signs that the skills training programmes may not be able to keep up.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stay even or ahead."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, idiomatic) To stay even or ahead."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I always try to keep up with (or \"keep up on\") current affairs.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ensure that one remains well-informed about something."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The crying baby kept me up all night",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "keep down"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Printing"
],
"glosses": [
"To use capital letters as much as reasonable."
],
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, printing) To use capital letters as much as reasonable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "En-au-keep up.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-au-keep_up.ogg/En-au-keep_up.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-au-keep_up.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "stay even or ahead",
"word": "keep pace"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "caltener"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "udržovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udržet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "hoitaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "pitää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "säilyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "conserver"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "mantenere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "conservare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "tueor"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "manter"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "întreține"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "menține"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soxranjatʹ",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сохранять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podderživatʹ",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "поддерживать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "mantener"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "conservar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "maintain, preserve",
"word": "underhålla"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "continue with",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pokračovat (s)"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "jatkaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continuer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "weitermachen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continuare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "mantenere"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "manter"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continua"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prodolžatʹ",
"sense": "continue with",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "продолжать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "continuar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "continue with",
"word": "fortsätta"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ayaqlaşmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ne izostavam",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "не изоставам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udržet se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "udržovat se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "držet krok"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "bijblijven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "pysyä mukana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "even",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "pysyä perässä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "mithalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "Schritt halten"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "lépést tart"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "stare al passo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nadążać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nadążyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "acompanhar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "manter-se atualizado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ține pasul"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "seguir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "mantener el ritmo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ir al paso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "atener"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "hinna med"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "hålla jämna steg"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "hänga med"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "ayak uydurmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "To stay even or ahead",
"word": "yetişmek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "pysyä mukana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "pysyä perässä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "pitää ajan tasalla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "rimanere aggiornato"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "ține pasul"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "no rezargarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "mantenerse al día"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "atenerse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To ensure that one remains well-informed about something",
"word": "hänga med"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep",
"word": "valvottaa"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xenychtó",
"sense": "To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep",
"word": "ξενυχτώ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep",
"word": "ține treaz"
}
],
"word": "keep up"
}
Download raw JSONL data for keep up meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.