See crosta on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "cradle cap",
"word": "crosta làctia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "scab",
"word": "crostera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "heel [of bread]",
"word": "crostó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "crusty",
"word": "crostós"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to encrust",
"word": "encrostar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "bark, crust, shell",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“bark, crust, shell”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"t": "bark, crust, shell"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin crusta (“bark, crust, shell”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "crosta"
},
"expansion": "Occitan crosta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "croûte"
},
"expansion": "French croûte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "costra"
},
"expansion": "Spanish costra",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin crusta (“bark, crust, shell”) (compare Occitan crosta, French croûte, Spanish costra), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”). The /ɔ/ is unexpected and perhaps due to influence from other words with similar meanings.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crostes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f (plural crostes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "incrustar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 29 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 28 13 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "ca:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crust (any hard surface layer; surface layer of most breads and pastries)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ca-noun-1sb6ZnK~",
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "ca:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crust (outermost solid layer of a planet)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ca-noun-RYNJ3V-t",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) crust (outermost solid layer of a planet)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "escorça"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rind (hard surface layer of a cheese)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ca-noun-DY7m~bvM",
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 5 8 68",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "ca:Pathology",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Medicine",
"Health",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Body",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scab (crust over a wound made from clotted blood)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ca-noun-1UTR0qcN",
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾɔs.tə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾɔs.ta]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-crosta.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-crosta.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-crosta.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-crosta.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Millars-crosta.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin crusta, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crostas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f (plural crostas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cros‧ta"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "crostoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "encrostar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 29 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crust (any solid, hard surface layer; outer layer of bread and pastry)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-gl-noun-4fskjsQV",
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "codia"
},
{
"word": "esturia"
},
{
"word": "arneiro"
},
{
"word": "bouta"
},
{
"word": "arna"
},
{
"word": "silro"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "gl:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crust (outermost layer of a planet)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-gl-noun-SUCeMk07",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) crust (outermost layer of a planet)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "codia"
},
{
"word": "casca"
},
{
"word": "lostra"
},
{
"word": "lastra"
},
{
"word": "cortiza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scab (incrustation over a wound)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-gl-noun-LFHixB25",
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bostela"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾosta/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾos̺.t̪ɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-osta"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "ga-pp"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 9 6 3 23 2 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cros"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of cros"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-verb-coCJOUt~",
"links": [
[
"cros",
"cros#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crostacht"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "{{{pl}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{gsm}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{gsf}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{gsf2}}}",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "ga-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 17 11 17 15 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fractious"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-adj-NTn3IxOs",
"links": [
[
"fractious",
"fractious"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"troublesome, difficult"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-adj-9tPLDxSj",
"links": [
[
"troublesome",
"troublesome"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 17 11 17 15 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mischievous, contrary (of child)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-adj-DwEoiJt0",
"links": [
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"contrary",
"contrary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 17 11 17 15 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forbidden"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-adj-Q-1cRXt5",
"links": [
[
"forbidden",
"forbidden"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "coiscthe"
},
{
"word": "faoi chosc"
},
{
"word": "toirmiscthe"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-s"
},
"expansion": "crosta m sg",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 17 11 17 15 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 1 11 14 15 27 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crosadh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of crosadh"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-noun-gplW3dAY",
"links": [
[
"crosadh",
"crosadh#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers no mutation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crosta (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "crosta (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 17 11 17 15 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"across"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-prep-3rU4tQy2",
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-no-mutation",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chrosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gcrosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 8 17 11 17 15 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"across"
],
"id": "en-crosta-ga-adv-3rU4tQy2",
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "cradle cap",
"word": "crosta lattea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "Earth's crust",
"word": "crosta terrestre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crostare"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin crusta, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croste",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f (plural croste)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"crò‧sta"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crostoso"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crust (of cheese, bread, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-it-noun-4mZTSqmR",
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scab (of a wound)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-it-noun-I4prsFh6",
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"daub (bad picture)"
],
"id": "en-crosta-it-noun-xX7TJ-JL",
"links": [
[
"daub",
"daub"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rind"
],
"id": "en-crosta-it-noun-3v-nhO~0",
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.sta/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkro.sta/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsta"
},
{
"rhymes": "(dialectal) -osta"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"crò‧sta"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 3 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 16 2 22 22 3 3 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 6 1 1 1 1 20 1 19 19 4 3 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 3 71 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crostare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of crostare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-crosta-it-verb-eaz0jbXT",
"links": [
[
"crostare",
"crostare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crostare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of crostare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-crosta-it-verb-A8fS9ebl",
"links": [
[
"crostare",
"crostare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
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"contrary",
"contrary"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forbidden"
],
"links": [
[
"forbidden",
"forbidden"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "coiscthe"
},
{
"word": "faoi chosc"
},
{
"word": "toirmiscthe"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjectives",
"Irish adverbs",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish non-lemma forms",
"Irish noun forms",
"Irish past participles",
"Irish prepositions",
"Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-s"
},
"expansion": "crosta m sg",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crosadh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of crosadh"
],
"links": [
[
"crosadh",
"crosadh#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adverbs",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish prepositions",
"Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers no mutation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crosta (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "crosta (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"across"
],
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-no-mutation",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adverbs",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish prepositions",
"Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chrosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gcrosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"across"
],
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/osta",
"Rhymes:Italian/osta/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔsta",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔsta/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cradle cap",
"word": "crosta lattea"
},
{
"english": "Earth's crust",
"word": "crosta terrestre"
},
{
"word": "crostare"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin crusta, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "croste",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f (plural croste)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"crò‧sta"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "crostoso"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crust (of cheese, bread, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scab (of a wound)"
],
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"daub (bad picture)"
],
"links": [
[
"daub",
"daub"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rind"
],
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.sta/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkro.sta/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsta"
},
{
"rhymes": "(dialectal) -osta"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/osta",
"Rhymes:Italian/osta/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔsta",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔsta/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"crò‧sta"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crostare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of crostare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"crostare",
"crostare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crostare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of crostare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"crostare",
"crostare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.sta/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkro.sta/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsta"
},
{
"rhymes": "(dialectal) -osta"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lombard entries with incorrect language header",
"Lombard feminine nouns",
"Lombard lemmas",
"Lombard nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"crust"
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrusta/"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crostet"
},
{
"word": "crostilhada"
},
{
"word": "crostilhar"
},
{
"word": "crostós"
},
{
"word": "descrostar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin crusta.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crostas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "crosta f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f (plural crostas)",
"name": "oc-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Occitan countable nouns",
"Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Occitan feminine nouns",
"Occitan lemmas",
"Occitan nouns",
"Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan",
"Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan",
"Old Occitan term requests",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"crust"
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾustɔ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-crosta.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-crosta.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-crosta.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-crosta.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-crosta.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"t": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin crusta, from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crostas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crosta f (plural crostas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cro‧ta"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "crostoso"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crust (any solid, hard surface layer; outer layer of bread and pastry)"
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pt:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"crust (outermost layer of a planet)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) crust (outermost layer of a planet)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scab (incrustation over a wound)"
],
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bostela"
},
{
"word": "casca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾos.tɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾos.tɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾoʃ.tɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾos.ta/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾoʃ.tɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic adjectives",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chrosta",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s|m",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s|f",
"f3accel-form": "gen|s|f",
"f4accel-form": "p",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "comparative",
"f7accel-form": "comparative",
"f8accel-form": "qualitative",
"f9accel-form": "qualitative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crosta",
"name": "gd-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cross, irritable, grumpy, grouchy"
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
],
[
"irritable",
"irritable"
],
[
"grumpy",
"grumpy"
],
[
"grouchy",
"grouchy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"naughty, peevish"
],
"links": [
[
"naughty",
"naughty"
],
[
"peevish",
"peevish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰɾɔs̪t̪ə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dranndanach"
},
{
"word": "gruamach"
},
{
"word": "crosda"
}
],
"word": "crosta"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crosta meaning in All languages combined (19.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: crosta/Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"crosta"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "crosta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"crosta"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "crosta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'eclipsis'",
"path": [
"crosta"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "crosta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: crosta/Scottish Gaelic 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"crosta"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "crosta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"crosta"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "crosta",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.