See circulate on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for circulate meaning in All languages combined (9.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circulatus"
},
"expansion": "Latin circulatus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "circulo",
"4": "circulare",
"5": "make circular, encircle"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circulari",
"3": "",
"4": "form a circle (of men) around oneself"
},
"expansion": "circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circulus",
"3": "",
"4": "a circle"
},
"expansion": "circulus (“a circle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circulating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 35 6 2 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-mDajxI3X",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obikaljam",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "обикалям"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎža",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кръжа"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "环绕"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "obíhat"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cirkuladi"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "pyöriä"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circuler"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "histovév",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "הסתובב"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кружи"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cercui"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "a face cercuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 2 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-o-h5GOoS",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 67 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "kierittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 67 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "pyörittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 67 1 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sovév",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "סובב"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to move from person to person, as at a party"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-EsdB9aql",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "кружи"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to circulate money or gossip"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to spread or disseminate"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-pig17mOp",
"links": [
[
"spread",
"spread"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 94 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razprostranjavam",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "разпространявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 94 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "šířit"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 94 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "levittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 94 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hefíts",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "הפיץ"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become widely known"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-vS2glQjs",
"links": [
[
"widely",
"widely"
],
[
"known",
"known"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-GIWs-GES",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"decimal",
"decimal"
],
[
"repeat",
"repeat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "put about"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spread"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "disseminate"
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "circulate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of circulare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"id": "en-circulate-it-verb-GC29YcIg",
"links": [
[
"circulare",
"circulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of circulare:",
"second-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-circulate-it-verb-WFE0-CX6",
"links": [
[
"circulare",
"circulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "past participle form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "circulate f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "circulato"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of circulato"
],
"id": "en-circulate-it-verb-s73tH0yK",
"links": [
[
"circulato",
"circulato#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "circulāte"
},
"expansion": "circulāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "circulō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of circulō"
],
"id": "en-circulate-la-verb-tI4mSmqv",
"links": [
[
"circulō",
"circulo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "circulate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "circular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular voseo imperative of circular combined with te"
],
"id": "en-circulate-es-verb-TEkRgqHC",
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular#Spanish"
],
[
"te",
"te#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular",
"second-person",
"singular",
"with-voseo"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circulatus"
},
"expansion": "Latin circulatus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "circulo",
"4": "circulare",
"5": "make circular, encircle"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circulari",
"3": "",
"4": "form a circle (of men) around oneself"
},
"expansion": "circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "circulus",
"3": "",
"4": "a circle"
},
"expansion": "circulus (“a circle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circulating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to move from person to person, as at a party"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to circulate money or gossip"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to spread or disseminate"
],
"links": [
[
"spread",
"spread"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become widely known"
],
"links": [
[
"widely",
"widely"
],
[
"known",
"known"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"decimal",
"decimal"
],
[
"repeat",
"repeat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "put about"
},
{
"word": "spread"
},
{
"word": "disseminate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obikaljam",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "обикалям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎža",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кръжа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "环绕"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "obíhat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cirkuladi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "pyöriä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circuler"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "histovév",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "הסתובב"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circolare"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кружи"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cercui"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "a face cercuri"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "kierittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "pyörittää"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sovév",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "סובב"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "кружи"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razprostranjavam",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "разпространявам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "šířit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "levittää"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hefíts",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "הפיץ"
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Italian verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "circulate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of circulare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"circulare",
"circulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of circulare:",
"second-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"circulare",
"circulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "past participle form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "circulate f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "circulato"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of circulato"
],
"links": [
[
"circulato",
"circulato#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "circulāte"
},
"expansion": "circulāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "circulō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of circulō"
],
"links": [
[
"circulō",
"circulo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "circulate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "circular"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular voseo imperative of circular combined with te"
],
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular#Spanish"
],
[
"te",
"te#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"object-second-person",
"object-singular",
"second-person",
"singular",
"with-voseo"
]
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.