"circulate" meaning in All languages combined

See circulate on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/ Audio: En-us-circulate.ogg Forms: circulates [present, singular, third-person], circulating [participle, present], circulated [participle, past], circulated [past]
enPR: sər'kü-lāt Etymology: Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|circulatus}} Latin circulatus, {{der|en|LL.|circulo|circulare|make circular, encircle}} Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)
  1. (intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit Tags: intransitive Translations (to move in circles): обикалям (obikaljam) (Bulgarian), кръжа (krǎža) (Bulgarian), 环绕 (Chinese Mandarin), obíhat (Czech), cirkuladi (Esperanto), kiertää (Finnish), pyöriä (Finnish), circuler (French), circular (Galician), הסתובב (histovév) (Hebrew), circolare (Italian), кружи (kruži) (Macedonian), circular (Portuguese), cercui (Romanian), a face cercuri (Romanian), circular (Spanish), cirkulera (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-mDajxI3X Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 47 35 5 2 4 7 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 49 35 3 3 4 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 45 33 5 4 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 40 31 7 7 8 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 41 37 4 4 8 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 43 33 5 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 47 34 4 4 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 41 31 8 4 9 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 44 32 5 5 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 44 33 5 4 8 7 Disambiguation of 'to move in circles': 56 39 2 1 1 1
  2. (transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit Tags: transitive Translations (to cause to move in circles): kierittää (Finnish), pyörittää (Finnish), סובב (sovév) (Hebrew)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-o-h5GOoS Categories (other): Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 27 39 19 3 6 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 41 37 4 4 8 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 29 38 20 3 5 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 30 38 19 3 5 5 Disambiguation of 'to cause to move in circles': 31 65 1 1 1 1
  3. to move from person to person, as at a party Translations (to move from person to person): kiertää (Finnish), кружи (kruži) (Macedonian)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-EsdB9aql Disambiguation of 'to move from person to person': 4 16 79 0 0 1
  4. to spread or disseminate Translations (to spread or disseminate): разпространявам (razprostranjavam) (Bulgarian), šířit (Czech), levittää (Finnish), הפיץ (hefíts) (Hebrew), scaip (Irish)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-pig17mOp Disambiguation of 'to spread or disseminate': 2 2 0 95 1 1
  5. to become widely known
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-vS2glQjs
  6. (mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat. Categories (topical): Mathematics
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-GIWs-GES Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: put about, spread, disseminate Derived forms: circulatable, circulation, circulative, circulator, cocirculate, intercirculate, miscirculate, recirculate

Verb [Italian]

Head templates: {{head|it|verb form}} circulate
  1. inflection of circulare:
    second-person plural present indicative
    Tags: form-of, indicative, plural, present, second-person Form of: circulare
    Sense id: en-circulate-it-verb-GC29YcIg Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 24 18 2 2 3 3 40 4 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 26 19 1 1 2 2 44 3 2 Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 85 11 4
  2. inflection of circulare:
    second-person plural imperative
    Tags: form-of, imperative, plural, second-person Form of: circulare
    Sense id: en-circulate-it-verb-WFE0-CX6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Italian]

Head templates: {{head|it|past participle form|g=f-p}} circulate f pl
  1. feminine plural of circulato Tags: feminine, form-of, participle, plural Form of: circulato
    Sense id: en-circulate-it-verb-s73tH0yK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Latin]

Forms: circulāte [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|verb form|head=circulāte}} circulāte
  1. second-person plural present active imperative of circulō Tags: active, form-of, imperative, plural, present, second-person Form of: circulō
    Sense id: en-circulate-la-verb-tI4mSmqv Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries

Verb [Spanish]

Head templates: {{head|es|verb form}} circulate
  1. second-person singular voseo imperative of circular combined with te Tags: form-of, imperative, object-second-person, object-singular, second-person, singular, with-voseo Form of: circular
    Sense id: en-circulate-es-verb-TEkRgqHC Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Spanish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulatable"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cocirculate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "intercirculate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "miscirculate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "recirculate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "circulatus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin circulatus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "circulo",
        "4": "circulare",
        "5": "make circular, encircle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "circulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 35 5 2 4 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 35 3 3 4 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 33 5 4 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 31 7 7 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 37 4 4 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 5 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 34 4 4 5 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 31 8 4 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 32 5 5 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 33 5 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-mDajxI3X",
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "obikaljam",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "обикалям"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "krǎža",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "кръжа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "环绕"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "obíhat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "cirkuladi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "kiertää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "pyöriä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circuler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "histovév",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "הסתובב"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circolare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "kruži",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "кружи"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "cercui"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "a face cercuri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "cirkulera"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 39 19 3 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 37 4 4 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 20 3 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 38 19 3 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-o-h5GOoS",
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "31 65 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
          "word": "kierittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 65 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
          "word": "pyörittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 65 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "sovév",
          "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
          "word": "סובב"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to move from person to person, as at a party"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-EsdB9aql",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "party",
          "party"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to move from person to person",
          "word": "kiertää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "kruži",
          "sense": "to move from person to person",
          "word": "кружи"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to circulate money or gossip"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spread or disseminate"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-pig17mOp",
      "links": [
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "disseminate",
          "disseminate"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "razprostranjavam",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "разпространявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "šířit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "levittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "hefíts",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "הפיץ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "scaip"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become widely known"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-vS2glQjs",
      "links": [
        [
          "widely",
          "widely"
        ],
        [
          "known",
          "known"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-GIWs-GES",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "decimal",
          "decimal"
        ],
        [
          "repeat",
          "repeat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "put about"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "spread"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "disseminate"
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "circulate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 2 2 3 3 40 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 19 1 1 2 2 44 3 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of circulare:",
        "second-person plural present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-it-verb-GC29YcIg",
      "links": [
        [
          "circulare",
          "circulare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of circulare:",
        "second-person plural imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-it-verb-WFE0-CX6",
      "links": [
        [
          "circulare",
          "circulare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "past participle form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "circulate f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulato"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of circulato"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-it-verb-s73tH0yK",
      "links": [
        [
          "circulato",
          "circulato#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "circulāte",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "circulāte"
      },
      "expansion": "circulāte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person plural present active imperative of circulō"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-la-verb-tI4mSmqv",
      "links": [
        [
          "circulō",
          "circulo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "circulate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circular"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular voseo imperative of circular combined with te"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-es-verb-TEkRgqHC",
      "links": [
        [
          "circular",
          "circular#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "te",
          "te#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "with-voseo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "circulatable"
    },
    {
      "word": "circulation"
    },
    {
      "word": "circulative"
    },
    {
      "word": "circulator"
    },
    {
      "word": "cocirculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "intercirculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "miscirculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "recirculate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "circulatus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin circulatus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "circulo",
        "4": "circulare",
        "5": "make circular, encircle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "circulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to move from person to person, as at a party"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "party",
          "party"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to circulate money or gossip"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spread or disseminate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "disseminate",
          "disseminate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become widely known"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "widely",
          "widely"
        ],
        [
          "known",
          "known"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "decimal",
          "decimal"
        ],
        [
          "repeat",
          "repeat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "put about"
    },
    {
      "word": "spread"
    },
    {
      "word": "disseminate"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "obikaljam",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "обикалям"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "krǎža",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "кръжа"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "环绕"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "obíhat"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "cirkuladi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "kiertää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "pyöriä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circuler"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circular"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "histovév",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "הסתובב"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circolare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "kruži",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "кружи"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circular"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "cercui"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "a face cercuri"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circular"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "cirkulera"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
      "word": "kierittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
      "word": "pyörittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "sovév",
      "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
      "word": "סובב"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to move from person to person",
      "word": "kiertää"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "kruži",
      "sense": "to move from person to person",
      "word": "кружи"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "razprostranjavam",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "разпространявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "šířit"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "levittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "hefíts",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "הפיץ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "scaip"
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian past participle forms",
    "Italian verb forms",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "circulate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of circulare:",
        "second-person plural present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circulare",
          "circulare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of circulare:",
        "second-person plural imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circulare",
          "circulare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian past participle forms",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "past participle form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "circulate f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulato"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of circulato"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circulato",
          "circulato#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "circulāte",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "circulāte"
      },
      "expansion": "circulāte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin non-lemma forms",
        "Latin verb forms",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circulō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person plural present active imperative of circulō"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circulō",
          "circulo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "circulate",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish non-lemma forms",
        "Spanish verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "circular"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular voseo imperative of circular combined with te"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circular",
          "circular#Spanish"
        ],
        [
          "te",
          "te#Spanish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "with-voseo"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

Download raw JSONL data for circulate meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.