"circulate" meaning in English

See circulate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/ Audio: En-us-circulate.ogg Forms: circulates [present, singular, third-person], circulating [participle, present], circulated [participle, past], circulated [past]
enPR: sər'kü-lāt Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, perfect passive participle of Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), a later collateral form of circulor (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). See also Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|en|LL.|circulātus}} Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, {{glossary|perfect}} perfect, {{glossary|passive}} passive, {{glossary|participle}} participle, {{der|en|LL.|circulō||to make circular, encircle}} Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”), {{af|en|-ate|id1=verb|pos1=verb-forming suffix}} -ate (verb-forming suffix), {{cog|enm|circulat|circulat(e)|t=(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel}} Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)
  1. (intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit Tags: intransitive Translations (to move in circles): обикалям (obikaljam) (Bulgarian), кръжа (krǎža) (Bulgarian), 环绕 (Chinese Mandarin), obíhat (Czech), cirkuladi (Esperanto), kiertää (Finnish), pyöriä (Finnish), circuler (French), circular (Galician), הסתובב (histovév) (Hebrew), circolare (Italian), кружи (kruži) (Macedonian), circular (Portuguese), cercui (Romanian), a face cercuri (Romanian), circular (Spanish), cirkulera (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-mDajxI3X Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 47 35 5 2 4 7 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 34 31 9 6 9 11 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 49 35 3 3 4 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 45 33 5 4 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 40 31 7 7 8 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 41 37 4 4 8 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 43 33 5 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 47 34 4 4 5 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 41 31 8 4 9 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 39 36 5 4 11 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 43 33 4 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 44 32 5 5 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 44 33 5 4 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 44 33 5 4 8 7 Disambiguation of 'to move in circles': 56 39 2 1 1 1
  2. (transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit Tags: transitive Translations (to cause to move in circles): kierittää (Finnish), pyörittää (Finnish), סובב (sovév) (Hebrew)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-o-h5GOoS Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 34 31 9 6 9 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 29 38 20 3 5 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 27 39 19 3 6 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 41 37 4 4 8 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 29 38 20 3 5 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 39 36 5 4 11 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 30 38 19 3 5 5 Disambiguation of 'to cause to move in circles': 31 66 1 1 1 1
  3. to move from person to person, as at a party Translations (to move from person to person): kiertää (Finnish), кружи (kruži) (Macedonian)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-EsdB9aql Disambiguation of 'to move from person to person': 4 16 79 0 0 1
  4. to spread or disseminate Translations (to spread or disseminate): qarkulloj (Albanian), разпространявам (razprostranjavam) (Bulgarian), šířit (Czech), levittää (Finnish), הפיץ (hefíts) (Hebrew), scaip (Irish), یایمق (yaymak) (Ottoman Turkish), yaymak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-pig17mOp Disambiguation of 'to spread or disseminate': 2 2 0 95 1 1
  5. to become widely known
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-vS2glQjs Categories (other): Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 39 36 5 4 11 6
  6. (mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat. Categories (topical): Mathematics
    Sense id: en-circulate-en-verb-GIWs-GES Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ate (verb) Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 34 31 9 6 9 11 Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: put about, spread, disseminate Derived forms: circulatable, circulation, circulative, circulator, cocirculate, intercirculate, miscirculate, recirculate

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulatable"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circulator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cocirculate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "intercirculate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "miscirculate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "recirculate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "circulātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "circulō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make circular, encircle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "circulat",
        "3": "circulat(e)",
        "t": "(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, perfect passive participle of Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), a later collateral form of circulor (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). See also Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "circulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 35 5 2 4 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 31 9 6 9 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 35 3 3 4 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 33 5 4 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 31 7 7 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 37 4 4 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 5 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Irish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 34 4 4 5 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 31 8 4 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 36 5 4 11 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 32 5 5 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 33 5 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 33 5 4 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-mDajxI3X",
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "obikaljam",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "обикалям"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "krǎža",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "кръжа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "环绕"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "obíhat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "cirkuladi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "kiertää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "pyöriä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circuler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "histovév",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "הסתובב"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circolare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "kruži",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "кружи"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "cercui"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "a face cercuri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "circular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to move in circles",
          "word": "cirkulera"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 31 9 6 9 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 20 3 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 39 19 3 6 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 37 4 4 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 20 3 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 36 5 4 11 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 38 19 3 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-o-h5GOoS",
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "31 66 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
          "word": "kierittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 66 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
          "word": "pyörittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 66 1 1 1 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "sovév",
          "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
          "word": "סובב"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to move from person to person, as at a party"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-EsdB9aql",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "party",
          "party"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to move from person to person",
          "word": "kiertää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "kruži",
          "sense": "to move from person to person",
          "word": "кружи"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to circulate money or gossip"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spread or disseminate"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-pig17mOp",
      "links": [
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "disseminate",
          "disseminate"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "qarkulloj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "razprostranjavam",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "разпространявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "šířit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "levittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "hefíts",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "הפיץ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "scaip"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "yaymak",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "یایمق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
          "word": "yaymak"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 36 5 4 11 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become widely known"
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-vS2glQjs",
      "links": [
        [
          "widely",
          "widely"
        ],
        [
          "known",
          "known"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 31 9 6 9 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "id": "en-circulate-en-verb-GIWs-GES",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "decimal",
          "decimal"
        ],
        [
          "repeat",
          "repeat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "put about"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "spread"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "disseminate"
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "circulatable"
    },
    {
      "word": "circulation"
    },
    {
      "word": "circulative"
    },
    {
      "word": "circulator"
    },
    {
      "word": "cocirculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "intercirculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "miscirculate"
    },
    {
      "word": "recirculate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "circulātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "circulō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make circular, encircle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "circulat",
        "3": "circulat(e)",
        "t": "(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, perfect passive participle of Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), a later collateral form of circulor (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). See also Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "circulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "circulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "circuit",
          "circuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to move from person to person, as at a party"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "party",
          "party"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to circulate money or gossip"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spread or disseminate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "disseminate",
          "disseminate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become widely known"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "widely",
          "widely"
        ],
        [
          "known",
          "known"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "decimal",
          "decimal"
        ],
        [
          "repeat",
          "repeat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "put about"
    },
    {
      "word": "spread"
    },
    {
      "word": "disseminate"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "obikaljam",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "обикалям"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "krǎža",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "кръжа"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "环绕"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "obíhat"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "cirkuladi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "kiertää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "pyöriä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circuler"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circular"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "histovév",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "הסתובב"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circolare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "kruži",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "кружи"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circular"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "cercui"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "a face cercuri"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "circular"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to move in circles",
      "word": "cirkulera"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
      "word": "kierittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
      "word": "pyörittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "sovév",
      "sense": "to cause to move in circles",
      "word": "סובב"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to move from person to person",
      "word": "kiertää"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "kruži",
      "sense": "to move from person to person",
      "word": "кружи"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "qarkulloj"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "razprostranjavam",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "разпространявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "šířit"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "levittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "hefíts",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "הפיץ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "scaip"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "yaymak",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "یایمق"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to spread or disseminate",
      "word": "yaymak"
    }
  ],
  "word": "circulate"
}

Download raw JSONL data for circulate meaning in English (7.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.