See circulate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circulatable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circulation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circulative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circulator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cocirculate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intercirculate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "miscirculate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "recirculate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circulatus"
},
"expansion": "Latin circulatus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "circulo",
"4": "circulare",
"5": "make circular, encircle"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circulating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 35 5 2 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 35 3 3 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 33 5 4 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 31 7 7 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 37 4 4 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 33 5 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 34 4 4 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 31 8 4 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 5 4 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 33 4 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 32 5 5 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 33 5 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 33 5 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-mDajxI3X",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obikaljam",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "обикалям"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎža",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кръжа"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "环绕"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "obíhat"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cirkuladi"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "pyöriä"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circuler"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "histovév",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "הסתובב"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кружи"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cercui"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "a face cercuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 39 2 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cirkulera"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 39 19 3 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 37 4 4 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 38 20 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 36 5 4 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 38 19 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-o-h5GOoS",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 66 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "kierittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 66 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "pyörittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 66 1 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sovév",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "סובב"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to move from person to person, as at a party"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-EsdB9aql",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 79 0 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "кружи"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to circulate money or gossip"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to spread or disseminate"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-pig17mOp",
"links": [
[
"spread",
"spread"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razprostranjavam",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "разпространявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "šířit"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "levittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hefíts",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "הפיץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "scaip"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yaymak",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "یایمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 95 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "yaymak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 36 5 4 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become widely known"
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-vS2glQjs",
"links": [
[
"widely",
"widely"
],
[
"known",
"known"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"id": "en-circulate-en-verb-GIWs-GES",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"decimal",
"decimal"
],
[
"repeat",
"repeat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "put about"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spread"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "disseminate"
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "circulatable"
},
{
"word": "circulation"
},
{
"word": "circulative"
},
{
"word": "circulator"
},
{
"word": "cocirculate"
},
{
"word": "intercirculate"
},
{
"word": "miscirculate"
},
{
"word": "recirculate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circulatus"
},
"expansion": "Latin circulatus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "circulo",
"4": "circulare",
"5": "make circular, encircle"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circulatus, past participle of Late Latin circulare (“make circular, encircle”), a later collateral form of circulari (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "circulates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "circulating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "circulated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "circulate (third-person singular simple present circulates, present participle circulating, simple past and past participle circulated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle"
],
[
"circuit",
"circuit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to move from person to person, as at a party"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to circulate money or gossip"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to spread or disseminate"
],
"links": [
[
"spread",
"spread"
],
[
"disseminate",
"disseminate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become widely known"
],
"links": [
[
"widely",
"widely"
],
[
"known",
"known"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"decimal",
"decimal"
],
[
"repeat",
"repeat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Of decimals: to repeat."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "sər'kü-lāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɚ.kjʊˌleɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-circulate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg/En-us-circulate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-us-circulate.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "put about"
},
{
"word": "spread"
},
{
"word": "disseminate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obikaljam",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "обикалям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎža",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кръжа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "环绕"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "obíhat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cirkuladi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "pyöriä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circuler"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "histovév",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "הסתובב"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circolare"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "кружи"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cercui"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "a face cercuri"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "circular"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to move in circles",
"word": "cirkulera"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "kierittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "pyörittää"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "sovév",
"sense": "to cause to move in circles",
"word": "סובב"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "kiertää"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kruži",
"sense": "to move from person to person",
"word": "кружи"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razprostranjavam",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "разпространявам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "šířit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "levittää"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hefíts",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "הפיץ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "scaip"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yaymak",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "یایمق"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to spread or disseminate",
"word": "yaymak"
}
],
"word": "circulate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for circulate meaning in English (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.