See 敦 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 敦 meaning in All languages combined (32.5kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 0844₀, composition ⿰享攵)"
],
"id": "en-敦-mul-character-vAYnmajF",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"享",
"享#Translingual"
],
[
"攵",
"攵#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Jīngsīdūn",
"word": "京斯敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Lúndūn",
"word": "倫敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Lúndūn",
"word": "伦敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倫敦宣言"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "伦敦宣言"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倫敦影展"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "伦敦影展"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倫敦鐵塔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "伦敦铁塔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "克敦孝行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "厚厚敦敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "可敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "可賀敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "可贺敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "培敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "máodūn",
"word": "堥敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "摩敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦世厲俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦世厉俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦仁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūncù",
"word": "敦促"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnlún",
"word": "敦倫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnlún",
"word": "敦伦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Dūnhuà",
"word": "敦化"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnhòu",
"word": "敦厚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnpǐnlìxué",
"word": "敦品勵學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnpǐnlìxué",
"word": "敦品励学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦囑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦嘱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦坐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnshi",
"word": "敦實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnshi",
"word": "敦实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦序"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦打"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦搠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦敦實實"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦敦实实"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦樸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦朴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Dūnhuáng",
"word": "敦煌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦煌壁畫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦煌壁画"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦煌曲子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦煌石室"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦煌石窟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnmù",
"word": "敦睦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnpìn",
"word": "敦聘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦親睦鄰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦亲睦邻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnqǐng",
"word": "敦請"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dūnqǐng",
"word": "敦请"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦蹄刷腳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦蹄刷脚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦風厲俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "敦风厉俗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "溫柔敦厚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "温柔敦厚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "王敦擊壺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "王敦击壶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Bèixīsīdūn",
"word": "貝希斯敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Bèixīsīdūn",
"word": "贝希斯敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鄧虜淪敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "邓虏沦敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kāipǔdūn",
"word": "開普敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Kāipǔdūn",
"word": "开普敦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "陪敦"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "; “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"angry"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-CpbxlgeG",
"links": [
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to urge"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-1OtlaUD~",
"links": [
[
"urge",
"urge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to advise and encourage"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-eDvKDt-r",
"links": [
[
"advise",
"advise"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 2 32 3 4 0 0 0 2 3 0 9 4 3 4 0 0 10 2 9 3 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diligent"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-zwj8zZ2L",
"links": [
[
"diligent",
"diligent"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"earnest; honest; generous"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-58pZjcd9",
"links": [
[
"earnest",
"earnest"
],
[
"honest",
"honest"
],
[
"generous",
"generous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intimate"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-w3D05Sh-",
"links": [
[
"intimate",
"intimate"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-exKR5-2K",
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plentiful; rich"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-r9lSpBRY",
"links": [
[
"plentiful",
"plentiful"
],
[
"rich",
"rich"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"large"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-01xBaoW4",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-3ggsRpSR",
"links": [
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
],
[
"esteem",
"esteem"
],
[
"revere",
"revere"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to put something down with great force"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-Xa2uB~P5",
"links": [
[
"put something down",
"put down"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in China",
"orig": "zh:Places in China",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Shanxi",
"orig": "zh:Places in Shanxi",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Rivers in China",
"orig": "zh:Rivers in China",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Rivers in Shanxi",
"orig": "zh:Rivers in Shanxi",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A river in Shanxi"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-tZaDl4A9",
"links": [
[
"Shanxi",
"Shanxi#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deon¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tûn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dŭng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹ten"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dēun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dên¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dun´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "dŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dwn"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tung"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹ten"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ten^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tən⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "twon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tən⁵³/"
},
{
"other": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"other": "/*tuːn/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "敦槃"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ancient vessel used to hold grains"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-QHvIBaBp",
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) ancient vessel used to hold grains"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duey"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "duj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deuih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯²²/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Wu] disposed of the troops of Shang;\nHe and his men shared equally in the achievement.",
"ref": "敦商之旅，克咸厥功。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nDuī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to administer; to manage"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-TJH4iDeE",
"links": [
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"manage",
"manage"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And quietly and solitarily did we pass the night,\nUnder our carriages.",
"ref": "敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "敦彼独宿，亦在车下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nDuī bǐ dú sù, yì zài chē xià. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solitary"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-f-Yq3hge",
"links": [
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to throw"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-rXsYG5fG",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king's business is thrown on me,\nAnd the affairs of our government are left to me more and more.",
"ref": "王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nWángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force upon"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-rKGIanc~",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dui¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duei"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tui¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwēi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duei"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "duj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dēui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "twoj"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"other": "/*tuːl/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "團"
},
"expansion": "團 (OC *doːn)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See 團 (OC *doːn).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clustered"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-C6t6k5Pc",
"links": [
[
"clustered",
"clustered"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tuán, “round”",
"word": "團"
},
{
"extra": "tuán, “round”",
"word": "团"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There were the round bitter gourds hanging,\nFrom the branches of the chestnut trees.",
"ref": "有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nYǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “round”)"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-utmNlXK0",
"links": [
[
"團",
"團#Chinese"
],
[
"团",
"团#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tyun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻuan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "twán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "twan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "туань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯än³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyùhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tyn⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tün⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰyːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dwan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*doːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯än³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰyːn²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*doːn/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to erect"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-5Cw3bZEx",
"links": [
[
"erect",
"erect"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dūn, “mound”",
"word": "墩"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 墩 (dūn, “mound”)"
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-ZE1fbkv5",
"links": [
[
"墩",
"墩#Chinese"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "twonH"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Only used in 混敦 and 敦然."
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-Ntgv8zGx",
"links": [
[
"混敦",
"混敦#Chinese"
],
[
"敦然",
"敦然#Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deon⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doen⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dên⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn²²/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Only used in 敦恨."
],
"id": "en-敦-zh-character-zSopJ~6h",
"links": [
[
"敦恨",
"敦恨#Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "twūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯ən⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kanji used for names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "atsumori",
"ruby": [
[
"敦盛",
"あつもり"
]
],
"word": "敦盛"
},
{
"roman": "Tsuruga",
"ruby": [
[
"敦賀",
"つるが"
]
],
"word": "敦賀: Tsuruga, Fukui"
},
{
"roman": "tonkō",
"ruby": [
[
"敦厚",
"とんこう"
]
],
"word": "敦厚"
},
{
"roman": "Tonkō",
"word": "敦煌"
},
{
"word": "Dunhuang"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kindness, affinity"
],
"id": "en-敦-ja-character-IOi-kNE2",
"links": [
[
"kindness",
"kindness"
],
[
"affinity",
"affinity"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "たい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "敦"
},
"expansion": "敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "敦",
"ruby": [
[
"敦",
"たい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たい"
},
"expansion": "敦(たい) • (tai)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dui (vessel)"
],
"id": "en-敦-ja-noun-TFoU47uv"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "たい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "敦"
},
"expansion": "敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "敦",
"ruby": [
[
"敦",
"あつし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "敦",
"ruby": [
[
"敦",
"つとむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Atsushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Tsutomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "あつし",
"3": "つとむ"
},
"expansion": "敦(あつし) or 敦(つとむ) • (Atsushi or Tsutomu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 79 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 81 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 79 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 69 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 66 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"id": "en-敦-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "쪼을 퇴",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "jjo'eul toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "모을 퇴",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "mo'eul toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "다스릴 퇴",
"head_nr": 3,
"roman": "daseuril toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "끊을 퇴",
"head_nr": 4,
"roman": "kkeuneul toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "곱송거릴 퇴",
"head_nr": 5,
"roman": "gopsonggeoril toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "성낼 퇴",
"head_nr": 6,
"roman": "seongnael toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "도타울 돈",
"head_nr": 7,
"roman": "dotaul don",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "쪼다",
"2": "쪼을",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 쪼을 퇴 (jjo'eul toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "모으다",
"2": "모을",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 모을 퇴 (mo'eul toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "다스리다",
"2": "다스릴",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 (daseuril toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "끊다",
"2": "끊을",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 (kkeuneul toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "곱송거릴",
"2": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 곱송거릴 퇴 (gopsonggeoril toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "성내다",
"2": "성낼",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 성낼 퇴 (seongnael toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "도탑다",
"2": "도타울",
"3": "돈"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 도타울 돈 (dotaul don))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "peck",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“peck”)."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-vrXSilV2",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"peck",
"peck"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "collect, gather",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“collect, gather”)."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-qP9Qv7MS",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"collect",
"collect"
],
[
"gather",
"gather"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "manage, govern, administer",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“manage, govern, administer”)."
],
"head_nr": 3,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-jQaxUySQ",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"manage",
"manage"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "sever, cut off, put down",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 14 13 20 12 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 12 25 12 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“sever, cut off, put down”)."
],
"head_nr": 4,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-70NJLiAP",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"sever",
"sever"
],
[
"cut off",
"cut off"
],
[
"put down",
"put down"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "angry, furious",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“angry, furious”)."
],
"head_nr": 6,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-Mragjvhs",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"furious",
"furious"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "esteem",
"word": "돈"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 돈 (“esteem”)."
],
"head_nr": 7,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-jM1tdLwA",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"돈",
"돈#Korean"
],
[
"esteem",
"esteem"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "honest, candid, sincere",
"word": "돈"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 돈 (“honest, candid, sincere”)."
],
"head_nr": 7,
"id": "en-敦-ko-character-w--lMe3M",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"돈",
"돈#Korean"
],
[
"honest",
"honest"
],
[
"candid",
"candid"
],
[
"sincere",
"sincere"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dun 敦: Nôm readings: đon",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "xôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "xun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "don",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dồn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ton",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rủn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gion",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chon",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "trôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "giôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đùn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đũn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of run (“to tremble; to shiver”)."
],
"id": "en-敦-vi-character-ftDc1fnc",
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"run",
"run#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tremble",
"tremble"
],
[
"shiver",
"shiver"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Jīngsīdūn",
"word": "京斯敦"
},
{
"roman": "Lúndūn",
"word": "倫敦"
},
{
"roman": "Lúndūn",
"word": "伦敦"
},
{
"word": "倫敦宣言"
},
{
"word": "伦敦宣言"
},
{
"word": "倫敦影展"
},
{
"word": "伦敦影展"
},
{
"word": "倫敦鐵塔"
},
{
"word": "伦敦铁塔"
},
{
"word": "克敦孝行"
},
{
"word": "厚厚敦敦"
},
{
"word": "可敦"
},
{
"word": "可賀敦"
},
{
"word": "可贺敦"
},
{
"word": "培敦"
},
{
"roman": "máodūn",
"word": "堥敦"
},
{
"word": "摩敦"
},
{
"word": "敦世厲俗"
},
{
"word": "敦世厉俗"
},
{
"word": "敦仁"
},
{
"roman": "dūncù",
"word": "敦促"
},
{
"roman": "dūnlún",
"word": "敦倫"
},
{
"roman": "dūnlún",
"word": "敦伦"
},
{
"roman": "Dūnhuà",
"word": "敦化"
},
{
"roman": "dūnhòu",
"word": "敦厚"
},
{
"roman": "dūnpǐnlìxué",
"word": "敦品勵學"
},
{
"roman": "dūnpǐnlìxué",
"word": "敦品励学"
},
{
"word": "敦囑"
},
{
"word": "敦嘱"
},
{
"word": "敦坐"
},
{
"roman": "dūnshi",
"word": "敦實"
},
{
"roman": "dūnshi",
"word": "敦实"
},
{
"word": "敦序"
},
{
"word": "敦打"
},
{
"word": "敦搠"
},
{
"word": "敦敦實實"
},
{
"word": "敦敦实实"
},
{
"word": "敦樸"
},
{
"word": "敦朴"
},
{
"roman": "Dūnhuáng",
"word": "敦煌"
},
{
"word": "敦煌壁畫"
},
{
"word": "敦煌壁画"
},
{
"word": "敦煌曲子"
},
{
"word": "敦煌石室"
},
{
"word": "敦煌石窟"
},
{
"roman": "dūnmù",
"word": "敦睦"
},
{
"roman": "dūnpìn",
"word": "敦聘"
},
{
"word": "敦親睦鄰"
},
{
"word": "敦亲睦邻"
},
{
"roman": "dūnqǐng",
"word": "敦請"
},
{
"roman": "dūnqǐng",
"word": "敦请"
},
{
"word": "敦蹄刷腳"
},
{
"word": "敦蹄刷脚"
},
{
"word": "敦風厲俗"
},
{
"word": "敦风厉俗"
},
{
"word": "溫柔敦厚"
},
{
"word": "温柔敦厚"
},
{
"word": "王敦擊壺"
},
{
"word": "王敦击壶"
},
{
"roman": "Bèixīsīdūn",
"word": "貝希斯敦"
},
{
"roman": "Bèixīsīdūn",
"word": "贝希斯敦"
},
{
"word": "鄧虜淪敦"
},
{
"word": "邓虏沦敦"
},
{
"roman": "Kāipǔdūn",
"word": "開普敦"
},
{
"roman": "Kāipǔdūn",
"word": "开普敦"
},
{
"word": "陪敦"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "; “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"angry"
],
"links": [
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to urge"
],
"links": [
[
"urge",
"urge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to advise and encourage"
],
"links": [
[
"advise",
"advise"
],
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"diligent"
],
"links": [
[
"diligent",
"diligent"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"earnest; honest; generous"
],
"links": [
[
"earnest",
"earnest"
],
[
"honest",
"honest"
],
[
"generous",
"generous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intimate"
],
"links": [
[
"intimate",
"intimate"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thick"
],
"links": [
[
"thick",
"thick"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plentiful; rich"
],
"links": [
[
"plentiful",
"plentiful"
],
[
"rich",
"rich"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"large"
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere"
],
"links": [
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
],
[
"esteem",
"esteem"
],
[
"revere",
"revere"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to put something down with great force"
],
"links": [
[
"put something down",
"put down"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Places in China",
"zh:Places in Shanxi",
"zh:Rivers in China",
"zh:Rivers in Shanxi"
],
"glosses": [
"A river in Shanxi"
],
"links": [
[
"Shanxi",
"Shanxi#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deon¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tûn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dŭng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dung¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹ten"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dēun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doen¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dên¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tûn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dun´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "dun¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "dŭng"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dwn"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tung"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹ten"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ten^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/tən⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "twon"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tən⁵³/"
},
{
"other": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"other": "/*tuːn/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "敦槃"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"ancient vessel used to hold grains"
],
"links": [
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) ancient vessel used to hold grains"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duì"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwèi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duey"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "duj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deuih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯²²/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Wu] disposed of the troops of Shang;\nHe and his men shared equally in the achievement.",
"ref": "敦商之旅，克咸厥功。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nDuī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to administer; to manage"
],
"links": [
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"manage",
"manage"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And quietly and solitarily did we pass the night,\nUnder our carriages.",
"ref": "敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "敦彼独宿，亦在车下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nDuī bǐ dú sù, yì zài chē xià. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solitary"
],
"links": [
[
"solitary",
"solitary"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to throw"
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king's business is thrown on me,\nAnd the affairs of our government are left to me more and more.",
"ref": "王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nWángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force upon"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dui¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄟ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deoi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "duei"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tui¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwēi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duei"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "duj"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dēui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doey¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dêu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "twoj"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵy̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "/*tˤur/"
},
{
"other": "/*tuːl/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "團"
},
"expansion": "團 (OC *doːn)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See 團 (OC *doːn).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clustered"
],
"links": [
[
"clustered",
"clustered"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tuán, “round”",
"word": "團"
},
{
"extra": "tuán, “round”",
"word": "团"
}
],
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There were the round bitter gourds hanging,\nFrom the branches of the chestnut trees.",
"ref": "有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nYǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “round”)"
],
"links": [
[
"團",
"團#Chinese"
],
[
"团",
"团#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tyun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻuan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "twán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "twan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "туань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯än³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tyùhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tyn⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tün⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰyːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dwan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*doːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯än³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰyːn²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*doːn/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to erect"
],
"links": [
[
"erect",
"erect"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dūn, “mound”",
"word": "墩"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 墩 (dūn, “mound”)"
],
"links": [
[
"墩",
"墩#Chinese"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "twonH"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese redlinks/zh-l"
],
"glosses": [
"Only used in 混敦 and 敦然."
],
"links": [
[
"混敦",
"混敦#Chinese"
],
[
"敦然",
"敦然#Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deon⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dwùn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "duenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "дунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "dunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "deuhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doen⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dên⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn²²/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "敦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese redlinks/zh-l"
],
"glosses": [
"Only used in 敦恨."
],
"links": [
[
"敦恨",
"敦恨#Chinese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄣ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻun¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "twūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "тунь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "tunʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯ən⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯ən⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"雕"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"燾"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"淳"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"屯"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"墩"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"礅"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"蹾"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"撴"
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading たい",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading とん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading たい",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading とん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading つい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あつ-い",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading あつし",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading つとむ",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 敦",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Kanji used for names"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "atsumori",
"ruby": [
[
"敦盛",
"あつもり"
]
],
"word": "敦盛"
},
{
"roman": "Tsuruga",
"ruby": [
[
"敦賀",
"つるが"
]
],
"word": "敦賀: Tsuruga, Fukui"
},
{
"roman": "tonkō",
"ruby": [
[
"敦厚",
"とんこう"
]
],
"word": "敦厚"
},
{
"roman": "Tonkō",
"word": "敦煌"
},
{
"word": "Dunhuang"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"kindness, affinity"
],
"links": [
[
"kindness",
"kindness"
],
[
"affinity",
"affinity"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 敦",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "たい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "敦"
},
"expansion": "敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "敦",
"ruby": [
[
"敦",
"たい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たい"
},
"expansion": "敦(たい) • (tai)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dui (vessel)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 敦",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "たい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "敦"
},
"expansion": "敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "敦",
"ruby": [
[
"敦",
"あつし"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "敦",
"ruby": [
[
"敦",
"つとむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Atsushi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Tsutomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "あつし",
"3": "つとむ"
},
"expansion": "敦(あつし) or 敦(つとむ) • (Atsushi or Tsutomu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠i]"
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "쪼을 퇴",
"head_nr": 1,
"roman": "jjo'eul toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "모을 퇴",
"head_nr": 2,
"roman": "mo'eul toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "다스릴 퇴",
"head_nr": 3,
"roman": "daseuril toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "끊을 퇴",
"head_nr": 4,
"roman": "kkeuneul toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "곱송거릴 퇴",
"head_nr": 5,
"roman": "gopsonggeoril toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "성낼 퇴",
"head_nr": 6,
"roman": "seongnael toe",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
},
{
"form": "도타울 돈",
"head_nr": 7,
"roman": "dotaul don",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "쪼다",
"2": "쪼을",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 쪼을 퇴 (jjo'eul toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "모으다",
"2": "모을",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 모을 퇴 (mo'eul toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "다스리다",
"2": "다스릴",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 (daseuril toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "끊다",
"2": "끊을",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 (kkeuneul toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "곱송거릴",
"2": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 곱송거릴 퇴 (gopsonggeoril toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "성내다",
"2": "성낼",
"3": "퇴"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 성낼 퇴 (seongnael toe))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "도탑다",
"2": "도타울",
"3": "돈"
},
"expansion": "敦 (eumhun 도타울 돈 (dotaul don))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "peck",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“peck”)."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"peck",
"peck"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "collect, gather",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“collect, gather”)."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"collect",
"collect"
],
[
"gather",
"gather"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "manage, govern, administer",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“manage, govern, administer”)."
],
"head_nr": 3,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"manage",
"manage"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "sever, cut off, put down",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“sever, cut off, put down”)."
],
"head_nr": 4,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"sever",
"sever"
],
[
"cut off",
"cut off"
],
[
"put down",
"put down"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "angry, furious",
"word": "퇴"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 퇴 (“angry, furious”)."
],
"head_nr": 6,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴",
"퇴#Korean"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"furious",
"furious"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "esteem",
"word": "돈"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 돈 (“esteem”)."
],
"head_nr": 7,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"돈",
"돈#Korean"
],
[
"esteem",
"esteem"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "honest, candid, sincere",
"word": "돈"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 돈 (“honest, candid, sincere”)."
],
"head_nr": 7,
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"돈",
"돈#Korean"
],
[
"honest",
"honest"
],
[
"candid",
"candid"
],
[
"sincere",
"sincere"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 0844₀, composition ⿰享攵)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"享",
"享#Translingual"
],
[
"攵",
"攵#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dun 敦: Nôm readings: đon",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "xôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "xun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "don",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dồn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ton",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rủn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gion",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chon",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "trôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đun",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "giôn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đùn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "đũn",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Nom",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of run (“to tremble; to shiver”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"run",
"run#Vietnamese"
],
[
"tremble",
"tremble"
],
[
"shiver",
"shiver"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "敦"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
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{
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"path": [
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{
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}
{
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"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"敦"
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"subsection": "",
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}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"敦"
],
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{
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{
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"path": [
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],
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}
{
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"path": [
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}
{
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"path": [
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{
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"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"敦"
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"section": "Chinese",
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}
{
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"path": [
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦",
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}
{
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"path": [
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}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
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}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
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"title": "敦",
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}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
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}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
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}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
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"section": "Chinese",
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"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"敦"
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: '敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn' in '敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (都(đô)昆(côn)切(thiết)), dun 敦: Nôm readings: đon, run, xôn, xun, đôn, giun, dun, don, dồn, ton, rủn, gion, chon, trôn, đun, dôn, giôn, đùn, đũn, dún'",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'dun 敦: Nôm readings: đon' in '敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (都(đô)昆(côn)切(thiết)), dun 敦: Nôm readings: đon, run, xôn, xun, đôn, giun, dun, don, dồn, ton, rủn, gion, chon, trôn, đun, dôn, giôn, đùn, đũn, dún'",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "unrecognized head form: 都(đô)昆(côn)切(thiết)",
"path": [
"敦"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "敦/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"雕\"], \"word\": \"敦\"}",
"path": [],
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}
{
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"path": [],
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}
{
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}
{
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"path": [],
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}
{
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"msg": "敦/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"墩\"], \"word\": \"敦\"}",
"path": [],
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"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "敦/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"礅\"], \"word\": \"敦\"}",
"path": [],
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"title": "敦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "敦/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"蹾\"], \"word\": \"敦\"}",
"path": [],
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "敦/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"撴\"], \"word\": \"敦\"}",
"path": [],
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.