See 敦化 on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "敦化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Counties and county-level cities of Jilin, China",
"orig": "zh:Counties and county-level cities of Jilin, China",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in China",
"orig": "zh:Places in China",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Jilin, China",
"orig": "zh:Places in Jilin, China",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dunhua (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)"
],
"id": "en-敦化-zh-name-fMKJ73HF",
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhua",
"Dunhua#English"
],
[
"Yanbian",
"Yanbian#English"
],
[
"Jilin",
"Jilin#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Dunhua (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Taipei",
"orig": "zh:Places in Taipei",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Taiwan",
"orig": "zh:Places in Taiwan",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Villages in Taiwan",
"orig": "zh:Villages in Taiwan",
"parents": [
"Villages",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dunhua (an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan)"
],
"id": "en-敦化-zh-name-K5-xE388",
"links": [
[
"里",
"里#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhua",
"Dunhua#English"
],
[
"urban",
"urban"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"Songshan",
"Songshan#English"
],
[
"Taipei",
"Taipei#English"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～里) Dunhua (an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Dūnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deon¹ faa³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Tun-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dūnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dunhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Tun¹-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dwūn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Duenhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Дуньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dunʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dēun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doen¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dên¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tun-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tun-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "敦化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 敦",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "敦化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Counties and county-level cities of Jilin, China",
"zh:Places in China",
"zh:Places in Jilin, China"
],
"glosses": [
"Dunhua (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)"
],
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhua",
"Dunhua#English"
],
[
"Yanbian",
"Yanbian#English"
],
[
"Jilin",
"Jilin#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Dunhua (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Places in Taipei",
"zh:Places in Taiwan",
"zh:Villages in Taiwan"
],
"glosses": [
"Dunhua (an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan)"
],
"links": [
[
"里",
"里#Chinese"
],
[
"Dunhua",
"Dunhua#English"
],
[
"urban",
"urban"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"Songshan",
"Songshan#English"
],
[
"Taipei",
"Taipei#English"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～里) Dunhua (an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Dūnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "deon¹ faa³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Tun-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dūnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dunhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Tun¹-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dwūn-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Duenhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Дуньхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Dunʹxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "dēun fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "doen¹ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "dên¹ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tun-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tun-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "dunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɵn⁵⁵ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun³³ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/"
}
],
"word": "敦化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 敦化 meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"敦化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"敦化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "敦化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"敦化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "敦化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"敦化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "敦化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～里",
"path": [
"敦化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "敦化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～里",
"path": [
"敦化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "敦化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.