See 改善 on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "改善",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'd like to improve my typing speed and accuracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Wǒ xiǎng gǎishàn wǒ de dǎzì sùdù hé zhǔnquèxìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我想改善我的打字速度和準確性。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'd like to improve my typing speed and accuracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Wǒ xiǎng gǎishàn wǒ de dǎzì sùdù hé zhǔnquèxìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我想改善我的打字速度和准确性。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to improve; to better"
],
"id": "en-改善-zh-verb-suvBZlZt",
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
],
[
"better",
"better"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiànquán",
"word": "健全"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "出息"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjìn",
"word": "前進"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjìn",
"word": "前进"
},
{
"roman": "wánshàn",
"word": "完善"
},
{
"roman": "tíshēng",
"word": "提升"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "提懸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "提悬"
},
{
"roman": "tígāo",
"word": "提高"
},
{
"roman": "gǎiliáng",
"word": "改良"
},
{
"roman": "gǎijìn",
"word": "改進"
},
{
"roman": "gǎijìn",
"word": "改进"
},
{
"roman": "yuèjìn",
"word": "躍進"
},
{
"roman": "yuèjìn",
"word": "跃进"
},
{
"roman": "jìnzhǎn",
"word": "進展"
},
{
"roman": "jìnzhǎn",
"word": "进展"
},
{
"roman": "jìnbù",
"word": "進步"
},
{
"roman": "jìnbù",
"word": "进步"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎishàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄕㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² sin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² siang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎishàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎishàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kai³-shan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎi-shàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaeshann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гайшань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gajšanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gói sihn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² sin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² xin⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ siːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi^ˋ san"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi³ san⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ san⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siǎn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kaysien"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴²⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kói siăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ siːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ san⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴²⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaiaku",
"ruby": [
[
"改悪",
"かいあく"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “improvement”",
"word": "改悪"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改善",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいぜん"
},
"expansion": "改(かい)善(ぜん) • (kaizen)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jōtatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"上達",
"じょうたつ"
]
],
"word": "上達"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kairyō",
"ruby": [
[
"改良",
"かいりょう"
]
],
"word": "改良"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 36 3 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 4 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"improvement, an action taken to improve"
],
"id": "en-改善-ja-noun-FIuuZYW4",
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 36 3 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 4 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"improvement, a spontaneous change for the better"
],
"id": "en-改善-ja-noun-8tOmdPDz"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠izẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "改善する",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "改善し",
"roman": "kaizen shi",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "改善した",
"roman": "kaizen shita",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "改善し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改善する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改善すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改善せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "改善しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "改善させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "改善しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "改善しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "改善した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "改善して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "改善すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to improve, to make better"
],
"id": "en-改善-ja-verb-tzseOgR-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to improve, to make better"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 36 3 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 4 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the symptoms improve",
"roman": "shōjō ga kaizen suru",
"ruby": [
[
"症状",
"しょうじょう"
],
[
"改善",
"かいぜん"
]
],
"text": "症状が改善する",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for something to improve on its own"
],
"id": "en-改善-ja-verb-XuXcB-bt",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) for something to improve on its own"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠izẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaeseon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "개선",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "개선"
},
"expansion": "改善 • (gaeseon) (hangeul 개선)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "improvement, reform",
"word": "개선"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 개선 (“improvement, reform”)"
],
"id": "en-改善-ko-noun-qVqv1BjY",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"개선",
"개선#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "改善",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "改善",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cải thiện (“to improve”)."
],
"id": "en-改善-vi-verb-xKExApZN",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cải thiện",
"cải thiện#Vietnamese"
],
[
"improve",
"improve"
]
]
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "改善",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese terms with audio links",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 善",
"Chinese terms spelled with 改",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio links",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'd like to improve my typing speed and accuracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Wǒ xiǎng gǎishàn wǒ de dǎzì sùdù hé zhǔnquèxìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我想改善我的打字速度和準確性。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'd like to improve my typing speed and accuracy.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Wǒ xiǎng gǎishàn wǒ de dǎzì sùdù hé zhǔnquèxìng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我想改善我的打字速度和准确性。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to improve; to better"
],
"links": [
[
"improve",
"improve"
],
[
"better",
"better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎishàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˇ ㄕㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² sin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² siang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎishàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎishàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kai³-shan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǎi-shàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaeshann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гайшань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gajšanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gói sihn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² sin⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "goi² xin⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ siːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kói-san"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi^ˋ san"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "goi³ san⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ san⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siǎn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kái-siān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kaysien"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴²⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kói siăng"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːi̯³⁵ siːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi̯³¹ san⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴²⁻²⁴ siɛn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ siaŋ³⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jiànquán",
"word": "健全"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "出息"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjìn",
"word": "前進"
},
{
"roman": "qiánjìn",
"word": "前进"
},
{
"roman": "wánshàn",
"word": "完善"
},
{
"roman": "tíshēng",
"word": "提升"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "提懸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan"
],
"word": "提悬"
},
{
"roman": "tígāo",
"word": "提高"
},
{
"roman": "gǎiliáng",
"word": "改良"
},
{
"roman": "gǎijìn",
"word": "改進"
},
{
"roman": "gǎijìn",
"word": "改进"
},
{
"roman": "yuèjìn",
"word": "躍進"
},
{
"roman": "yuèjìn",
"word": "跃进"
},
{
"roman": "jìnzhǎn",
"word": "進展"
},
{
"roman": "jìnzhǎn",
"word": "进展"
},
{
"roman": "jìnbù",
"word": "進步"
},
{
"roman": "jìnbù",
"word": "进步"
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "kaiaku",
"ruby": [
[
"改悪",
"かいあく"
]
],
"sense": "antonym(s) of “improvement”",
"word": "改悪"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改善",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かいぜん"
},
"expansion": "改(かい)善(ぜん) • (kaizen)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jōtatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"上達",
"じょうたつ"
]
],
"word": "上達"
},
{
"roman": "kairyō",
"ruby": [
[
"改良",
"かいりょう"
]
],
"word": "改良"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, an action taken to improve"
],
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, a spontaneous change for the better"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠izẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "改善する",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "改善し",
"roman": "kaizen shi",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "改善した",
"roman": "kaizen shita",
"ruby": [
[
"改",
"かい"
],
[
"善",
"ぜん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "改善し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改善する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改善すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "改善せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "改善しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "改善させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "改善しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "改善しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "改善します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "改善した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "改善して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "改善すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かいぜんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizen sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to improve, to make better"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to improve, to make better"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the symptoms improve",
"roman": "shōjō ga kaizen suru",
"ruby": [
[
"症状",
"しょうじょう"
],
[
"改善",
"かいぜん"
]
],
"text": "症状が改善する",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for something to improve on its own"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) for something to improve on its own"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠izẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaeseon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "개선",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "개선"
},
"expansion": "改善 • (gaeseon) (hangeul 개선)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "improvement, reform",
"word": "개선"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 개선 (“improvement, reform”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"개선",
"개선#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "改善",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "改善",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of cải thiện (“to improve”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cải thiện",
"cải thiện#Vietnamese"
],
[
"improve",
"improve"
]
]
}
],
"word": "改善"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 改善 meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"改善"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "改善",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.