"承認" meaning in All languages combined

See 承認 on Wiktionary

Verb [Chinese]

IPA: /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʰə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Jinjiang, Philippines, Quanzhou], /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/ [Hokkien, Singapore], /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/, /sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/, /sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/, /sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/, /t͡sʰə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/, /siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/, /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/, /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/, /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/, /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/, /seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/, /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/, /sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/, /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/, /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/ Chinese transliterations: chéngrèn [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], sing⁴ jing⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], sṳ̀n-ngin [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], sen² ngin⁴ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], ceng¹ reng³ [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], sìng-nêng, sêng-līn [Hokkien, POJ], sêng-jīn [Hokkien, POJ], sîn-jīn [Hokkien, POJ], sêng⁵ ring⁷ [Peng'im, Teochew], sêng⁵ rêng⁷ [Peng'im, Teochew], chéngrèn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], chéngrèn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chʻêng²-jên⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], chéng-rèn [Mandarin, Yale], cherngrenn [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], чэнжэнь [Mandarin, Palladius], čɛnžɛnʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], sìhng yihng [Cantonese, Yale], sing⁴ jing⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], xing⁴ ying⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], sṳ̀n-ngin [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], siinˇ ngin [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], sin² ngin⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], ceng¹ reng³ [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], sìng-nêng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], sîng-līn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], senglin [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], sîng-jīn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], sengjin [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], sîn-jīn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], sinjin [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], sêng jīng [POJ, Teochew], sêng jēng [POJ, Teochew]
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 承認
  1. to admit; to concede; to acknowledge; to confess Tags: transitive Synonyms (to admit): (rèn) [in-compounds, literary], (rèn) [in-compounds, literary]
    Sense id: en-承認-zh-verb-3CHJJkTX Disambiguation of 'to admit': 98 2
  2. to recognise (diplomatically) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-承認-zh-verb-2wklCEq8 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Elementary Mandarin Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 19 81 Disambiguation of Elementary Mandarin: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 國家承認, 国家承认, 坦承 (tǎnchéng)
Synonyms: 交代 (jiāodài), 供認 (gòngrèn) (english: one's crimes), 供认 (gòngrèn) (english: one's crimes), 坦白 (tǎnbái), , 招供 (zhāogòng) (english: one's crimes), 招認 (zhāorèn) (english: one's crimes), 招认 (zhāorèn) (english: one's crimes), 自供 (zìgòng), 自白 (zìbái), 允諾 (yǔnnuò), 允诺 (yǔnnuò), 同意 (tóngyì), 壋頭 [Zhangzhou-Hokkien, figuratively], 垱头 [Zhangzhou-Hokkien, figuratively], (yīng), (yīng), 批准 (pīzhǔn), 擁護 (yōnghù), 拥护 (yōnghù), 答應 (dāyìng), 答应 (dāyìng), 認可 (rènkě), 认可 (rènkě), 認同 (rèntóng), 认同 (rèntóng), 贊同 (zàntóng), 赞同 (zàntóng), 贊成 (zànchéng), 赞成 (zànchéng), 附合 (fùhé) (english: to echo) [literary], 附和 (fùhè) (english: to echo), 附議 (fùyì), 附议 (fùyì), 首肯 (shǒukěn) [literary], 點頭 (diǎntóu) [figuratively], 点头 (diǎntóu) [figuratively]

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ] Forms: 承認 [canonical] (ruby: (しょう), (にん)), shōnin [romanization]
Etymology: From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”). Etymology templates: {{m|ja|承||agree to|sc=Jpan|tr=shō}} 承 (shō, “agree to”), {{m|ja|認||recognize|sc=Jpan|tr=nin}} 認 (nin, “recognize”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|しょうにん}} 承(しょう)認(にん) • (shōnin)
  1. approval, recognition Derived forms: 不承認 (fushōnin) (english: disapproval, dissent), 承認図 (shōninzu) (english: approved plan or drawing), 承認履歴: approval log (shōnin rireki) [computing, engineering, mathematics, sciences, physical-sciences, natural-sciences], 承認状 (shōninjō) (english: certificate of approval), 承認者: approver (shōninsha) [computing, engineering, mathematics, sciences, physical-sciences, natural-sciences], authorizer, 承認者表示: authorizing users indication (shōninsha hyōji) [computing, engineering, mathematics, sciences, physical-sciences, natural-sciences]
    Sense id: en-承認-ja-noun-dqq74jtd Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant script codes, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 71 29 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 79 21 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 81 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant script codes: 76 24 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 80 20

Verb [Japanese]

IPA: [ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]
Etymology: From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”). Etymology templates: {{m|ja|承||agree to|sc=Jpan|tr=shō}} 承 (shō, “agree to”), {{m|ja|認||recognize|sc=Jpan|tr=nin}} 認 (nin, “recognize”) Forms: 承認する [canonical] (ruby: (しょう), (にん)), shōnin suru [romanization], 承認し [stem] (ruby: (しょう), (にん)), 承認した [past] (ruby: (しょう), (にん)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 承認し [error-unrecognized-form], しょうにんし [error-unrecognized-form], shōnin shi [error-unrecognized-form], 承認する [error-unrecognized-form], しょうにんする [error-unrecognized-form], shōnin suru [error-unrecognized-form], 承認すれ [error-unrecognized-form], しょうにんすれ [error-unrecognized-form], shōnin sure [error-unrecognized-form], 承認せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 承認しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], しょうにんせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], しょうにんしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], shōnin seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], shōnin shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 承認される [passive], しょうにんされる [passive], shōnin sareru [passive], 承認させる [causative], 承認さす [causative], しょうにんさせる [causative], しょうにんさす [causative], shōnin saseru [causative], shōnin sasu [causative], 承認できる [potential], しょうにんできる [potential], shōnin dekiru [potential], 承認しよう [volitional], しょうにんしよう [volitional], shōnin shiyō [volitional], 承認しない [negative], しょうにんしない [negative], shōnin shinai [negative], 承認せず [continuative, negative], しょうにんせず [continuative, negative], shōnin sezu [continuative, negative], 承認します [formal], しょうにんします [formal], shōnin shimasu [formal], 承認した [perfective], しょうにんした [perfective], shōnin shita [perfective], 承認して [conjunctive], しょうにんして [conjunctive], shōnin shite [conjunctive], 承認すれば [conditional, hypothetical], しょうにんすれば [conditional, hypothetical], shōnin sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. approve Synonyms: 是認 (zenin) (ruby: 是認(ぜにん))
    Sense id: en-承認-ja-verb-dOIWgOrH Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 26 74

Noun [Korean]

Forms: seung'in [romanization], 승인 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=승인}} 承認 • (seung'in) (hangeul 승인)
  1. Hanja form of 승인 (“approval, recognition”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 승인 (extra: approval, recognition)

Verb [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|verb|||head=|tr=}} 承認, {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} 承認
  1. chữ Hán form of thừa nhận (“to recognise; to admit”).
    Sense id: en-承認-vi-verb-KEL0eZWc Categories (other): Vietnamese Chữ Hán, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for 承認 meaning in All languages combined (18.8kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "fǒudìng",
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to admit”",
      "word": "否定"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fǒurèn",
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to admit”",
      "word": "否認"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fǒurèn",
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to admit”",
      "word": "否认"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huíjué",
      "word": "回絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huíjué",
      "word": "回绝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐngjué",
      "word": "屏絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐngjué",
      "word": "屏绝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jù",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "in-compounds"
      ],
      "word": "拒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jùjué",
      "word": "拒絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jùjué",
      "word": "拒绝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìngjué",
      "word": "摒絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìngjué",
      "word": "摒绝"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "國家承認"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "国家承认"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tǎnchéng",
      "word": "坦承"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "承認",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to admit to saying the wrong thing",
          "roman": "chéngrèn shuō cuò huà",
          "text": "承認說錯話/承认说错话",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to admit; to concede; to acknowledge; to confess"
      ],
      "id": "en-承認-zh-verb-3CHJJkTX",
      "links": [
        [
          "admit",
          "admit"
        ],
        [
          "concede",
          "concede"
        ],
        [
          "acknowledge",
          "acknowledge"
        ],
        [
          "confess",
          "confess"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "roman": "rèn",
          "sense": "to admit",
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "認"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "roman": "rèn",
          "sense": "to admit",
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "认"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Elementary Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to recognise (diplomatically)"
      ],
      "id": "en-承認-zh-verb-2wklCEq8",
      "links": [
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ jing⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sṳ̀n-ngin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sen² ngin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceng¹ reng³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "sìng-nêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng-līn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîn-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng⁵ ring⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng⁵ rêng⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻêng²-jên⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéng-rèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cherngrenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чэнжэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čɛnžɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhng yihng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ jing⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xing⁴ ying⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sṳ̀n-ngin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siinˇ ngin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin² ngin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceng¹ reng³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìng-nêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîng-līn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "senglin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Philippines",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîng-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sengjin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîn-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sinjin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng jīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng jēng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ sêng-jīn /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiāodài",
      "word": "交代"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "gòngrèn",
      "word": "供認"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "gòngrèn",
      "word": "供认"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tǎnbái",
      "word": "坦白"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "招"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "zhāogòng",
      "word": "招供"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "zhāorèn",
      "word": "招認"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "zhāorèn",
      "word": "招认"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zìgòng",
      "word": "自供"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zìbái",
      "word": "自白"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yǔnnuò",
      "word": "允諾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yǔnnuò",
      "word": "允诺"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tóngyì",
      "word": "同意"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "壋頭"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "垱头"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yīng",
      "word": "應"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yīng",
      "word": "应"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pīzhǔn",
      "word": "批准"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yōnghù",
      "word": "擁護"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yōnghù",
      "word": "拥护"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dāyìng",
      "word": "答應"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dāyìng",
      "word": "答应"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rènkě",
      "word": "認可"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rènkě",
      "word": "认可"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rèntóng",
      "word": "認同"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rèntóng",
      "word": "认同"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zàntóng",
      "word": "贊同"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zàntóng",
      "word": "赞同"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zànchéng",
      "word": "贊成"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zànchéng",
      "word": "赞成"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to echo",
      "roman": "fùhé",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "附合"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to echo",
      "roman": "fùhè",
      "word": "附和"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fùyì",
      "word": "附議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fùyì",
      "word": "附议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shǒukěn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "首肯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "diǎntóu",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "點頭"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "diǎntóu",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "点头"
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "承",
        "3": "",
        "4": "agree to",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "shō"
      },
      "expansion": "承 (shō, “agree to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "認",
        "3": "",
        "4": "recognize",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "nin"
      },
      "expansion": "認 (nin, “recognize”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "承認",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "しょうにん"
      },
      "expansion": "承(しょう)認(にん) • (shōnin)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "disapproval, dissent",
          "roman": "fushōnin",
          "word": "不承認"
        },
        {
          "english": "approved plan or drawing",
          "roman": "shōninzu",
          "word": "承認図"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shōnin rireki",
          "topics": [
            "computing",
            "engineering",
            "mathematics",
            "sciences",
            "physical-sciences",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "承認履歴: approval log"
        },
        {
          "english": "certificate of approval",
          "roman": "shōninjō",
          "word": "承認状"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shōninsha",
          "topics": [
            "computing",
            "engineering",
            "mathematics",
            "sciences",
            "physical-sciences",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "承認者: approver"
        },
        {
          "word": "authorizer"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shōninsha hyōji",
          "topics": [
            "computing",
            "engineering",
            "mathematics",
            "sciences",
            "physical-sciences",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "承認者表示: authorizing users indication"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "approval, recognition"
      ],
      "id": "en-承認-ja-noun-dqq74jtd",
      "links": [
        [
          "approval",
          "approval"
        ],
        [
          "recognition",
          "recognition"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "しょーにん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "hinin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "否認",
          "ひにん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "否認"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "承",
        "3": "",
        "4": "agree to",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "shō"
      },
      "expansion": "承 (shō, “agree to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "認",
        "3": "",
        "4": "recognize",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "nin"
      },
      "expansion": "認 (nin, “recognize”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "承認する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認し",
      "roman": "shōnin shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認した",
      "roman": "shōnin shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "approve"
      ],
      "id": "en-承認-ja-verb-dOIWgOrH",
      "links": [
        [
          "approve",
          "approve"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "zenin",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "是認",
              "ぜにん"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "是認"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "しょーにん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seung'in",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "승인",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hj",
        "hangeul": "승인"
      },
      "expansion": "承認 • (seung'in) (hangeul 승인)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "approval, recognition",
          "word": "승인"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 승인 (“approval, recognition”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-承認-ko-noun-SLTfII6p",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "승인",
          "승인#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "approval",
          "approval"
        ],
        [
          "recognition",
          "recognition"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "承認",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "承認",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of thừa nhận (“to recognise; to admit”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-承認-vi-verb-KEL0eZWc",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "thừa nhận",
          "thừa nhận#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ],
        [
          "admit",
          "admit"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "fǒudìng",
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to admit”",
      "word": "否定"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fǒurèn",
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to admit”",
      "word": "否認"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fǒurèn",
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “to admit”",
      "word": "否认"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huíjué",
      "word": "回絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huíjué",
      "word": "回绝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐngjué",
      "word": "屏絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bǐngjué",
      "word": "屏绝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jù",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "in-compounds"
      ],
      "word": "拒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jùjué",
      "word": "拒絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jùjué",
      "word": "拒绝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìngjué",
      "word": "摒絕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bìngjué",
      "word": "摒绝"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese transitive verbs",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min verbs",
    "Elementary Mandarin"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "國家承認"
    },
    {
      "word": "国家承认"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tǎnchéng",
      "word": "坦承"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "承認",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to admit to saying the wrong thing",
          "roman": "chéngrèn shuō cuò huà",
          "text": "承認說錯話/承认说错话",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to admit; to concede; to acknowledge; to confess"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "admit",
          "admit"
        ],
        [
          "concede",
          "concede"
        ],
        [
          "acknowledge",
          "acknowledge"
        ],
        [
          "confess",
          "confess"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to recognise (diplomatically)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ jing⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sṳ̀n-ngin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sen² ngin⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceng¹ reng³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "sìng-nêng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng-līn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîn-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng⁵ ring⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng⁵ rêng⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéngrèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻêng²-jên⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chéng-rèn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cherngrenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чэнжэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čɛnžɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhng yihng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sing⁴ jing⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xing⁴ ying⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sṳ̀n-ngin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siinˇ ngin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin² ngin⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ceng¹ reng³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìng-nêng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîng-līn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "senglin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Jinjiang",
        "Philippines",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîng-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sengjin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sîn-jīn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sinjin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng jīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sêng jēng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ sêng-jīn /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʰə̃ŋ¹¹ ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "rèn",
      "sense": "to admit",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "認"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rèn",
      "sense": "to admit",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "认"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiāodài",
      "word": "交代"
    },
    {
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "gòngrèn",
      "word": "供認"
    },
    {
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "gòngrèn",
      "word": "供认"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tǎnbái",
      "word": "坦白"
    },
    {
      "word": "招"
    },
    {
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "zhāogòng",
      "word": "招供"
    },
    {
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "zhāorèn",
      "word": "招認"
    },
    {
      "english": "one's crimes",
      "roman": "zhāorèn",
      "word": "招认"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zìgòng",
      "word": "自供"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zìbái",
      "word": "自白"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǔnnuò",
      "word": "允諾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǔnnuò",
      "word": "允诺"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tóngyì",
      "word": "同意"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "壋頭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien",
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "垱头"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yīng",
      "word": "應"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yīng",
      "word": "应"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pīzhǔn",
      "word": "批准"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōnghù",
      "word": "擁護"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōnghù",
      "word": "拥护"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dāyìng",
      "word": "答應"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dāyìng",
      "word": "答应"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rènkě",
      "word": "認可"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rènkě",
      "word": "认可"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rèntóng",
      "word": "認同"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rèntóng",
      "word": "认同"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zàntóng",
      "word": "贊同"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zàntóng",
      "word": "赞同"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zànchéng",
      "word": "贊成"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zànchéng",
      "word": "赞成"
    },
    {
      "english": "to echo",
      "roman": "fùhé",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "附合"
    },
    {
      "english": "to echo",
      "roman": "fùhè",
      "word": "附和"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fùyì",
      "word": "附議"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fùyì",
      "word": "附议"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shǒukěn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "首肯"
    },
    {
      "roman": "diǎntóu",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "點頭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "diǎntóu",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "点头"
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "disapproval, dissent",
      "roman": "fushōnin",
      "word": "不承認"
    },
    {
      "english": "approved plan or drawing",
      "roman": "shōninzu",
      "word": "承認図"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shōnin rireki",
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "承認履歴: approval log"
    },
    {
      "english": "certificate of approval",
      "roman": "shōninjō",
      "word": "承認状"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shōninsha",
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "承認者: approver"
    },
    {
      "word": "authorizer"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shōninsha hyōji",
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "承認者表示: authorizing users indication"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "承",
        "3": "",
        "4": "agree to",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "shō"
      },
      "expansion": "承 (shō, “agree to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "認",
        "3": "",
        "4": "recognize",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "nin"
      },
      "expansion": "認 (nin, “recognize”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "承認",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "しょうにん"
      },
      "expansion": "承(しょう)認(にん) • (shōnin)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "approval, recognition"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approval",
          "approval"
        ],
        [
          "recognition",
          "recognition"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "しょーにん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "hinin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "否認",
          "ひにん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "否認"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "承",
        "3": "",
        "4": "agree to",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "shō"
      },
      "expansion": "承 (shō, “agree to”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "認",
        "3": "",
        "4": "recognize",
        "sc": "Jpan",
        "tr": "nin"
      },
      "expansion": "認 (nin, “recognize”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "承認する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認し",
      "roman": "shōnin shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認した",
      "roman": "shōnin shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "承",
          "しょう"
        ],
        [
          "認",
          "にん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "承認すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しょうにんすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shōnin sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "approve"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approve",
          "approve"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "しょーにん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "zenin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "是認",
          "ぜにん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "是認"
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seung'in",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "승인",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hj",
        "hangeul": "승인"
      },
      "expansion": "承認 • (seung'in) (hangeul 승인)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "approval, recognition",
          "word": "승인"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 승인 (“approval, recognition”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "승인",
          "승인#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "approval",
          "approval"
        ],
        [
          "recognition",
          "recognition"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "承認",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "承認",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese verbs",
        "Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of thừa nhận (“to recognise; to admit”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "thừa nhận",
          "thừa nhận#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ],
        [
          "admit",
          "admit"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "承認"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.