See 如何 on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "如何是好"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "無可如何"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "无可如何"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wúlùnrúhé",
"word": "無論如何"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wúlùnrúhé",
"word": "无论如何"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "如何",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "like what?",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "how to take pictures of flowing liquids",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "rúhé pāishè yètǐ liúdòng zhàopiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何拍攝液體流動照片",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "how to take pictures of flowing liquids",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "rúhé pāishè yètǐ liúdòng zhàopiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何拍摄液体流动照片",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She taught me how to swim.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Tā jiāo wǒ rúhé yóuyǒng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "她教我如何游泳。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How do you feel now?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xiànzài gǎnjué rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你現在感覺如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How do you feel now?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xiànzài gǎnjué rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你现在感觉如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What do you think of this plan?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ juéde zhè ge jìhuà rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你覺得這個計劃如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What do you think of this plan?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ juéde zhè ge jìhuà rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你觉得这个计划如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How can you make a boy think you're special?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Rúhé ràng yīge nánshēng juéde nǐ hěn tèbié?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何讓一個男生覺得你很特別？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How can you make a boy think you're special?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Rúhé ràng yīge nánshēng juéde nǐ hěn tèbié?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何让一个男生觉得你很特别？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Under the positive influence of Teacher Chen, I've learnt to how to get along with others.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zài Chén lǎoshī de chūnfēnghuàyǔ xià, wǒ xuéhuì le rúhé dàirénjiēwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在陳老師的春風化雨下，我學會了如何待人接物。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Under the positive influence of Teacher Chen, I've learnt to how to get along with others.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zài Chén lǎoshī de chūnfēnghuàyǔ xià, wǒ xuéhuì le rúhé dàirénjiēwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在陈老师的春风化雨下，我学会了如何待人接物。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how; what; in what way"
],
"id": "en-如何-zh-adv-q1qkfQR7",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 55 0 1 4 1 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 57 0 1 2 1 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How about next Saturday?",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xià zhōuliù rúhé?",
"text": "下週六如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How about next Saturday?",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xià zhōuliù rúhé?",
"text": "下周六如何？",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how about; what about"
],
"id": "en-如何-zh-adv-ENB4pLBl",
"links": [
[
"how about",
"how about"
],
[
"what about",
"what about"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"roman": "zěnmeyàng",
"sense": "how about",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "怎麼樣"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"roman": "zěnmeyàng",
"sense": "how about",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "怎么样"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "rúhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ ㄏㄜˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jyu⁴ ho⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yì-hò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yi² ho²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lîr-hô͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hô͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "jû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "jî-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ru⁵ ho⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "rúhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "rúhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ju²-ho²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "rú-hé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ruher"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "жухэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "žuxɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵ xɤ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yùh hòh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jy⁴ ho⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yu⁴ ho⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jyː²¹ hɔː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yì-hò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "i^ˇ ho^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yi² ho²"
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "yì-hò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "i^ˇ ho^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "yi² ho²"
},
{
"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹ ho¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lu'hooi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lîr-hôo"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɯ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hôo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lu'hoo"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "jû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ju'hooi"
},
{
"ipa": "/zu²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu¹³⁻²² ho¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "jî-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ji'hooi"
},
{
"ipa": "/zi²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "jû hô"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyo|nyoH ha"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*na [ɡ]ˤaj/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*nja|njas ɡaːl/"
},
{
"other": "/ lîr-hô͘ /"
},
{
"other": "/ jû-hô /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵ xɤ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jyː²¹ hɔː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹ ho¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɯ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zu²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu¹³⁻²² ho¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zi²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[ɡ]"
},
{
"other": "/*nja|njas ɡaːl/"
}
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*i-ka",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *i-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "い"
},
"expansion": "い (i)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いずれ",
"2": "",
"3": "which"
},
"expansion": "いずれ (izure, “which”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いつ",
"2": "",
"3": "when"
},
"expansion": "いつ (itsu, “when”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "い",
"3": "か",
"pos1": "uncertain element, likely the same い (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">i</span>) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">izure</span>, “which”), いつ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">itsu</span>, “when”), etc.",
"pos2": "the question marker particle",
"sort": "いか",
"tr1": "i",
"tr2": "ka"
},
"expansion": "い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *i-ka. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE.\nA surface analysis suggests a compound of い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle).\nThe kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the corresponding Chinese term 如何 (rúhé, literally “like what”) for the spelling and the underlying Japanese root word for the reading.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"roman": "ika na",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"roman": "ika ni",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "如何であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いかです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ika desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "いかに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "如何さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "いかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ikasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いか",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "如何(いか) • (ika) -na (adnominal 如何(いか)な (ika na), adverbial 如何(いか)に (ika ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "いか",
"lemma": "如何",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikani",
"word": "いかに"
},
{
"roman": "ikade",
"ruby": [
[
"争",
"いか"
]
],
"word": "争で"
},
{
"roman": "ikanaru",
"word": "いかなる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"what kind of"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adj-4531iIcP",
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dubious, doubtful",
"roman": "ikagawashii",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"word": "如何わしい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ikagashii",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "如何しい: dubious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "doubtful"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"4": "か",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"pos3": "question marker particle",
"sort": "いかが",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni",
"tr3": "ka"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni ka/ → */ikanka/ → /ikanɡa/ → /ikaɡa/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle).\nThe uncontracted form ika ni ka appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The fully contracted form ikaga is first cited to the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905 CE, with evidence of a partially contracted form ikanga in The Tale of the Heike of roughly 1330.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikaga",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかが"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかが) • (ikaga)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in what manner, how"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adv-s6r-ABaE",
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 9 44 11 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How about some tea?",
"roman": "Ocha wa ikaga deshō ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
]
],
"text": "お茶はいかがでしょうか。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"what about... (used to make a suggestion)"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adv-CGosPHLP",
"links": [
[
"what about",
"what about"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかが"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠ɡa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Kokin Wakashū",
"Man'yōshū",
"The Tale of the Heike"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 10 1 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 15 2 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 14 2 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 44 11 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 17 4 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 20 5 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "without getting into the whys and wherefores of the reasons",
"roman": "riyū no ikan o towazu",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"由",
"ゆう"
],
[
"如何",
"いかん"
],
[
"問",
"と"
]
],
"text": "理由の如何を問わず",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-noun-L0AcqnWu",
"links": [
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
],
[
"why",
"why"
],
[
"wherefore",
"wherefore"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 9 44 11 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikanga",
"word": "如何が: in what manner"
},
{
"english": "superseded by modern ikaga; see above",
"word": "how"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikansen",
"word": "如何せん: no matter what"
},
{
"word": "unfortunately"
},
{
"roman": "ikanzo",
"word": "如何ぞ: howsoever"
},
{
"english": "more intense than ikan on its own",
"word": "however [it may be]"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikantomo",
"word": "如何とも: no matter what"
}
],
"glosses": [
"howsoever, however"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adv-t3nu14uQ",
"links": [
[
"howsoever",
"howsoever"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"howsoever, however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"どう"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-如何-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese formal terms",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 何",
"Chinese terms spelled with 如",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese adverbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese adverbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "如何是好"
},
{
"word": "無可如何"
},
{
"word": "无可如何"
},
{
"roman": "wúlùnrúhé",
"word": "無論如何"
},
{
"roman": "wúlùnrúhé",
"word": "无论如何"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "如何",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "like what?",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "how to take pictures of flowing liquids",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "rúhé pāishè yètǐ liúdòng zhàopiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何拍攝液體流動照片",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "how to take pictures of flowing liquids",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "rúhé pāishè yètǐ liúdòng zhàopiàn",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何拍摄液体流动照片",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She taught me how to swim.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Tā jiāo wǒ rúhé yóuyǒng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "她教我如何游泳。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How do you feel now?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xiànzài gǎnjué rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你現在感覺如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How do you feel now?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xiànzài gǎnjué rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你现在感觉如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What do you think of this plan?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ juéde zhè ge jìhuà rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你覺得這個計劃如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What do you think of this plan?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ juéde zhè ge jìhuà rúhé?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你觉得这个计划如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How can you make a boy think you're special?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Rúhé ràng yīge nánshēng juéde nǐ hěn tèbié?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何讓一個男生覺得你很特別？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How can you make a boy think you're special?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Rúhé ràng yīge nánshēng juéde nǐ hěn tèbié?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "如何让一个男生觉得你很特别？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Under the positive influence of Teacher Chen, I've learnt to how to get along with others.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zài Chén lǎoshī de chūnfēnghuàyǔ xià, wǒ xuéhuì le rúhé dàirénjiēwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在陳老師的春風化雨下，我學會了如何待人接物。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Under the positive influence of Teacher Chen, I've learnt to how to get along with others.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zài Chén lǎoshī de chūnfēnghuàyǔ xià, wǒ xuéhuì le rúhé dàirénjiēwù.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在陈老师的春风化雨下，我学会了如何待人接物。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how; what; in what way"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How about next Saturday?",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xià zhōuliù rúhé?",
"text": "下週六如何？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How about next Saturday?",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xià zhōuliù rúhé?",
"text": "下周六如何？",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how about; what about"
],
"links": [
[
"how about",
"how about"
],
[
"what about",
"what about"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "rúhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ ㄏㄜˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jyu⁴ ho⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yì-hò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yi² ho²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lîr-hô͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hô͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "jû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "jî-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ru⁵ ho⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "rúhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "rúhé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ju²-ho²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "rú-hé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ruher"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "жухэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "žuxɛ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵ xɤ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yùh hòh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jy⁴ ho⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yu⁴ ho⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jyː²¹ hɔː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yì-hò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "i^ˇ ho^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "yi² ho²"
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "yì-hò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "i^ˇ ho^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "yi² ho²"
},
{
"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹ ho¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lu'hooi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lîr-hôo"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɯ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lû-hôo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lu'hoo"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "jû-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ju'hooi"
},
{
"ipa": "/zu²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu¹³⁻²² ho¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "jî-hô"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ji'hooi"
},
{
"ipa": "/zi²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "jû hô"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyo|nyoH ha"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*na [ɡ]ˤaj/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*nja|njas ɡaːl/"
},
{
"other": "/ lîr-hô͘ /"
},
{
"other": "/ jû-hô /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵ xɤ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jyː²¹ hɔː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹ ho¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/i¹¹ ho¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɯ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zu²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu¹³⁻²² ho¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zi²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[ɡ]"
},
{
"other": "/*nja|njas ɡaːl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "zěnmeyàng",
"sense": "how about",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "怎麼樣"
},
{
"roman": "zěnmeyàng",
"sense": "how about",
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "怎么样"
}
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikani",
"word": "いかに"
},
{
"roman": "ikade",
"ruby": [
[
"争",
"いか"
]
],
"word": "争で"
},
{
"roman": "ikanaru",
"word": "いかなる"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*i-ka",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *i-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "い"
},
"expansion": "い (i)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いずれ",
"2": "",
"3": "which"
},
"expansion": "いずれ (izure, “which”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いつ",
"2": "",
"3": "when"
},
"expansion": "いつ (itsu, “when”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "い",
"3": "か",
"pos1": "uncertain element, likely the same い (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">i</span>) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">izure</span>, “which”), いつ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">itsu</span>, “when”), etc.",
"pos2": "the question marker particle",
"sort": "いか",
"tr1": "i",
"tr2": "ka"
},
"expansion": "い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *i-ka. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE.\nA surface analysis suggests a compound of い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle).\nThe kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the corresponding Chinese term 如何 (rúhé, literally “like what”) for the spelling and the underlying Japanese root word for the reading.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"roman": "ika na",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"roman": "ika ni",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "如何であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いかです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ika desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "いかに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "如何さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "いかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ikasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いか",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "如何(いか) • (ika) -na (adnominal 如何(いか)な (ika na), adverbial 如何(いか)に (ika ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "いか",
"lemma": "如何",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"what kind of"
],
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese formal terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese polite terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "dubious, doubtful",
"roman": "ikagawashii",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"word": "如何わしい"
},
{
"roman": "ikagashii",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "如何しい: dubious"
},
{
"word": "doubtful"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"4": "か",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"pos3": "question marker particle",
"sort": "いかが",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni",
"tr3": "ka"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni ka/ → */ikanka/ → /ikanɡa/ → /ikaɡa/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle).\nThe uncontracted form ika ni ka appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The fully contracted form ikaga is first cited to the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905 CE, with evidence of a partially contracted form ikanga in The Tale of the Heike of roughly 1330.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikaga",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかが"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかが) • (ikaga)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in what manner, how"
],
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How about some tea?",
"roman": "Ocha wa ikaga deshō ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
]
],
"text": "お茶はいかがでしょうか。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"what about... (used to make a suggestion)"
],
"links": [
[
"what about",
"what about"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかが"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠ɡa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Kokin Wakashū",
"Man'yōshū",
"The Tale of the Heike"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "without getting into the whys and wherefores of the reasons",
"roman": "riyū no ikan o towazu",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"由",
"ゆう"
],
[
"如何",
"いかん"
],
[
"問",
"と"
]
],
"text": "理由の如何を問わず",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however"
],
"links": [
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
],
[
"why",
"why"
],
[
"wherefore",
"wherefore"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikanga",
"word": "如何が: in what manner"
},
{
"english": "superseded by modern ikaga; see above",
"word": "how"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikansen",
"word": "如何せん: no matter what"
},
{
"word": "unfortunately"
},
{
"roman": "ikanzo",
"word": "如何ぞ: howsoever"
},
{
"english": "more intense than ikan on its own",
"word": "however [it may be]"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikantomo",
"word": "如何とも: no matter what"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"howsoever, however"
],
"links": [
[
"howsoever",
"howsoever"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"howsoever, however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"どう"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "如何"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 如何 meaning in All languages combined (26.7kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.