See 如何 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 如何 meaning in Japanese (17.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*e-ka",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *e-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "い"
},
"expansion": "い (i)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いずれ",
"2": "",
"3": "which"
},
"expansion": "いずれ (izure, “which”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いつ",
"2": "",
"3": "when"
},
"expansion": "いつ (itsu, “when”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "い",
"3": "か",
"pos1": "uncertain element, likely the same い (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">i</span>) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">izure</span>, “which”), いつ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">itsu</span>, “when”), etc.",
"pos2": "the question marker particle",
"sort": "いか",
"tr1": "i",
"tr2": "ka"
},
"expansion": "い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "如何",
"lit": "like what"
},
"expansion": "如何 (rúhé, literally “like what”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *e-ka. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE.\nA surface analysis suggests a compound of い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle).\nThe kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the corresponding Chinese term 如何 (rúhé, literally “like what”) for the spelling and the underlying Japanese root word for the reading.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"roman": "ika na",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"roman": "ika ni",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "如何であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いかです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ika desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "いかに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "如何さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "いかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ikasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いか",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "如何(いか) • (ika) -na (adnominal 如何(いか)な (ika na), adverbial 如何(いか)に (ika ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "いか",
"lemma": "如何",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikani",
"word": "いかに"
},
{
"roman": "ikade",
"ruby": [
[
"争",
"いか"
]
],
"word": "争で"
},
{
"roman": "ikanaru",
"word": "いかなる"
}
],
"glosses": [
"what kind of"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adj-4531iIcP",
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dubious, doubtful",
"roman": "ikagawashii",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"word": "如何わしい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ikagashii",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "如何しい: dubious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "doubtful"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"4": "か",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"pos3": "question marker particle",
"sort": "いかが",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni",
"tr3": "ka"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni ka/ → */ikanka/ → /ikanɡa/ → /ikaɡa/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle).\nThe uncontracted form ika ni ka appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The fully contracted form ikaga is first cited to the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905 CE, with evidence of a partially contracted form ikanga in The Tale of the Heike of roughly 1330.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikaga",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかが"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかが) • (ikaga)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in what manner, how"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adv-s6r-ABaE",
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How about some tea?",
"roman": "Ocha wa ikaga deshō ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
]
],
"text": "お茶はいかがでしょうか。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"what about... (used to make a suggestion)"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adv-CGosPHLP",
"links": [
[
"what about",
"what about"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかが"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠ɡa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū",
"Man'yōshū",
"The Tale of the Heike",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 10 3 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 12 3 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 29 4 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 21 7 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 28 6 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "without getting into the whys and wherefores of the reasons",
"roman": "riyū no ikan o towazu",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"由",
"ゆう"
],
[
"如何",
"いかん"
],
[
"問",
"と"
]
],
"text": "理由の如何を問わず"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however [it may be]",
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-noun-C3sKGimS",
"links": [
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
],
[
"why",
"why"
],
[
"wherefore",
"wherefore"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikanga",
"word": "如何が: in what manner"
},
{
"english": "superseded by modern ikaga; see above",
"word": "how"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikansen",
"word": "如何せん: no matter what"
},
{
"word": "unfortunately"
},
{
"roman": "ikanzo",
"word": "如何ぞ: howsoever"
},
{
"english": "more intense than ikan on its own",
"word": "however [it may be]"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikantomo",
"word": "如何とも: no matter what"
}
],
"glosses": [
"howsoever, however [it may be]",
"howsoever, however"
],
"id": "en-如何-ja-adv-ybQsn8Bn",
"links": [
[
"howsoever",
"howsoever"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"howsoever, however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikani",
"word": "いかに"
},
{
"roman": "ikade",
"ruby": [
[
"争",
"いか"
]
],
"word": "争で"
},
{
"roman": "ikanaru",
"word": "いかなる"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*e-ka",
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *e-ka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "い"
},
"expansion": "い (i)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いずれ",
"2": "",
"3": "which"
},
"expansion": "いずれ (izure, “which”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "いつ",
"2": "",
"3": "when"
},
"expansion": "いつ (itsu, “when”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "い",
"3": "か",
"pos1": "uncertain element, likely the same い (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">i</span>) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">izure</span>, “which”), いつ (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">itsu</span>, “when”), etc.",
"pos2": "the question marker particle",
"sort": "いか",
"tr1": "i",
"tr2": "ka"
},
"expansion": "い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "いか"
},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "如何",
"lit": "like what"
},
"expansion": "如何 (rúhé, literally “like what”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, in turn from Proto-Japonic *e-ka. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE.\nA surface analysis suggests a compound of い (i, uncertain element, likely the same い (i) prefix found in Old Japanese as an interrogative in いずれ (izure, “which”), いつ (itsu, “when”), etc.) + か (ka, the question marker particle).\nThe kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the corresponding Chinese term 如何 (rúhé, literally “like what”) for the spelling and the underlying Japanese root word for the reading.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"roman": "ika na",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"roman": "ika ni",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "如何であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いかであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いかです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ika desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "如何でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いかで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ika de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "如何なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ika dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "如何だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いかだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ika darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "如何に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "いかに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ika ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "如何さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "いかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ikasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いか",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "如何(いか) • (ika) -na (adnominal 如何(いか)な (ika na), adverbial 如何(いか)に (ika ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "いか",
"lemma": "如何",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"what kind of"
],
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese formal terms",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese polite terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "dubious, doubtful",
"roman": "ikagawashii",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"word": "如何わしい"
},
{
"roman": "ikagashii",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "如何しい: dubious"
},
{
"word": "doubtful"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"4": "か",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"pos3": "question marker particle",
"sort": "いかが",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni",
"tr3": "ka"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni ka/ → */ikanka/ → /ikanɡa/ → /ikaɡa/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle).\nThe uncontracted form ika ni ka appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The fully contracted form ikaga is first cited to the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905 CE, with evidence of a partially contracted form ikanga in The Tale of the Heike of roughly 1330.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかが"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikaga",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかが"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかが) • (ikaga)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"in what manner, how"
],
"links": [
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How about some tea?",
"roman": "Ocha wa ikaga deshō ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"茶",
"ちゃ"
]
],
"text": "お茶はいかがでしょうか。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"what about... (used to make a suggestion)"
],
"links": [
[
"what about",
"what about"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"polite"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかが"
},
{
"ipa": "[ika̠ɡa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū",
"Man'yōshū",
"The Tale of the Heike",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "without getting into the whys and wherefores of the reasons",
"roman": "riyū no ikan o towazu",
"ruby": [
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"由",
"ゆう"
],
[
"如何",
"いかん"
],
[
"問",
"と"
]
],
"text": "理由の如何を問わず"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however [it may be]",
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however"
],
"links": [
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
],
[
"why",
"why"
],
[
"wherefore",
"wherefore"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the whatevers, the whys and wherefores; however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ikanga",
"word": "如何が: in what manner"
},
{
"english": "superseded by modern ikaga; see above",
"word": "how"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikansen",
"word": "如何せん: no matter what"
},
{
"word": "unfortunately"
},
{
"roman": "ikanzo",
"word": "如何ぞ: howsoever"
},
{
"english": "more intense than ikan on its own",
"word": "however [it may be]"
},
{
"english": "in a negative connotation",
"roman": "ikantomo",
"word": "如何とも: no matter what"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如何",
"3": "に",
"pos2": "adverbial particle",
"sort": "いかん",
"t1": "what kind",
"tr1": "ika",
"tr2": "ni"
},
"expansion": "如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ika ni/ → /ikan/\nOriginally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.\nThe uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "如何",
"ruby": [
[
"如何",
"いかん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ikan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb",
"2": "いかん"
},
"expansion": "如何(いかん) • (ikan)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"howsoever, however [it may be]",
"howsoever, however"
],
"links": [
[
"howsoever",
"howsoever"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"howsoever, however [it may be]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いかん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ikã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"どう"
],
"word": "如何"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"如何"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "如何",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.