See cloche in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for cloche meaning in Français (57.2kB)
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tourangeau",
"parents": [],
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},
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"parents": [],
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{
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"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "à cloche-pied"
},
{
"word": "à la cloche de bois"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"être fou"
],
"word": "avoir la cloche fêlée"
},
{
"word": "chapeau cloche"
},
{
"word": "clochable"
},
{
"word": "cloche à plongeur"
},
{
"word": "cloche de plongée"
},
{
"word": "cloche de plongeur"
},
{
"word": "cloche-pied"
},
{
"word": "cloche-plaque"
},
{
"word": "cloche pneumatique"
},
{
"word": "clocher"
},
{
"word": "clocheter"
},
{
"word": "clochetier"
},
{
"word": "clochette"
},
{
"word": "corde de cloche"
},
{
"word": "courbe en cloche"
},
{
"word": "déménager à la cloche de bois"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"attendre le dernier 400 m pour accélérer, en course à pied"
],
"word": "démarrer à la cloche"
},
{
"word": "faire sonner la grosse cloche"
},
{
"word": "métal de cloche"
},
{
"word": "mettre sous cloche"
},
{
"word": "n’avoir jamais perdu de vue le clocher de son village"
},
{
"word": "n’avoir vu que le clocher de son village"
},
{
"word": "noblesse de cloche"
},
{
"word": "oiseau-cloche"
},
{
"word": "raisonner comme une cloche"
},
{
"word": "scie-cloche"
},
{
"word": "se taper la cloche"
},
{
"word": "son de cloche"
},
{
"word": "sous cloche"
},
{
"word": "sonner les cloches"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(début XIIᵉ siècle) Du bas latin clocca attesté au VIIᵉ siècle, issu du gaulois *clocca (« cloche ») reconstruit d’après clogh en cornique, clog en gaélique irlandais, cloch en gallois, kloc’h en breton) et importé en France par les missionnaires irlandais ; il a supplanté le latin chrétien signum (« signal ») ou campana (« cloche »).",
"Le sens d’objet creux qui recouvre ou protège apparaît en 1538. Celui d’abri de verre qui protège des plantes ou semis, en 1675. La cloche à plongeur apparaît en 1678. La cloche à fromage, enfin, apparaît au XIXᵉ siècle. Le sens de fleurs en cloche apparaît en 1706."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cloches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "bourdon"
},
{
"word": "clochette"
},
{
"word": "tocsin"
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "fr-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "qui n’écoute qu’une cloche n’entend qu’un son"
},
{
"word": "qui n’entend qu’une cloche n’a qu’un son"
},
{
"word": "qui n’entend qu’une cloche n’entend qu’un son"
}
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"word": "campaniforme"
},
{
"word": "campaniste"
},
{
"word": "campanulé"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Comte de Sanois, Questions proposées à toutes les assemblées, par un membre de la noblesse de celle de Meaux, 13 mars 1789",
"text": "Les bons citoyens qui désirent l’abolition de tous les abus, en voient encore un à réformer dans ce luxe dispendieux des cloches qui troublent le sommeil des malades et des mourants, etc."
},
{
"ref": "Octave Mirbeau, Contes cruels : Mon oncle",
"text": "Et tout à coup, l’église, qui, en face de moi, montrait son toit gauchi et sa vieille tour d’ardoise, mal d’aplomb au-dessus d’un bouquet d’acacias et de marronniers roses, les cloches tintèrent."
},
{
"ref": "Ludovic Naudeau, La France se regarde : Le Problème de la natalité, Librairie Hachette, Paris, 1931",
"text": "Dans dix ans, parmi les vestiges de Beaumat, les souffles du vent, les croassements des corbeaux et la chute des pierres retentiront seuls ; nulle oreille humaine ne les entendra et la cloche du village elle-même se taira, fatiguée de tinter seulement pour les morts."
},
{
"ref": "Sachez soigner vos vignes grêlées, dans Almanach de l’Agriculteur français - 1932, éditions La Terre nationale, page 59",
"text": "Sans insister sur le procédé qui consiste à sonner les cloches pour éviter la grêle […] il faut constater que les méthodes en apparence plus scientifiques […] n’ont pas donné de résultats bien nets […]"
},
{
"ref": "Marcel Arland, Terre natale, 1938, réédition Le Livre de Poche, page 191",
"text": "– Les cloches d’Igny, voilà. Les entends-tu ? Écoute. C’est des cloches, ça. Tu peux faire le tour du pays ; il n y en a pas de plus belles. Tu entends ? Il y en a une qui est pressée, la petite, et c’est comme si l’autre ne pouvait pas la suivre. »"
},
{
"ref": "Pascal Quignard, La haine de la musique, Gallimard, 1996, collection Folio, page 222",
"text": "La cloche dérive de l’animal. Le mot anglais de cloche vient de bellam, beugler. La cloche est le beuglement des hommes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instrument fait de métal, ordinairement de bronze, creux, ouvert, qui va en s’élargissant par en bas et dont on tire du son au moyen d’un battant suspendu à l’intérieur ou à l’aide d’un marteau extérieur."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-~usi6Bbi"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Analogies en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Exposition rétrospective de l'art français au Trocadéro (catalogue), Paris : Impr. L. Danel, 1889, page 217",
"text": "Paire de flambeaux portant une coquille sur le binet, un ornement rocaille sur le fût, et des canaux tournants sur la cloche."
},
{
"ref": "Mathieu Bock-Côté, Les amitiés suspendues par la pandémie, Le Journal de Québec, 13 février 2021",
"text": "Nous vivons, depuis un an, sous une cloche de verre qu’on appelle bulle. Il faut rester dans sa bulle, n’en jamais sortir."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tout ce qui rappelle la forme de cet instrument."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-QpwELJLD",
"tags": [
"analogy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la cuisine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Hector Malot, Un mariage sous le Second Empire, 1873",
"text": "La vue de la table bien servie et le fumet des mets préparés le mettaient de belle humeur ; lorsqu’on avait enlevé les cloches d’argent qui recouvraient les plats et lorsqu’on avait débouché les bouteilles, il était prêt à écouter et à discuter les questions les plus difficiles."
},
{
"ref": "Michel Zévaco, Le Capitan, 1906, Arthème Fayard, collection « Le Livre populaire » nᵒ 31, 1907",
"text": "La table supportait, par-dessus sa nappe éblouissante, les couverts étincelants, les gobelets d’or, deux candélabres à six flambeaux de cire, des flacons de cristal où rutilaient les rubis des vieux vins de Bourgogne et toute une variété de plats recouverts de leurs cloches d’argent."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ustensile dont on couvre le fromage pour l’empêcher de se dessécher, ou un plat chaud pour le garder à bonne température."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-LsDAAjby",
"topics": [
"cuisine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de l’agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "La ramie, nouveau textile soyeux: communication présentée à la Société des sciences industrielles de Lyon, dans la séance du 14 février 1877, par M. Léger, Lyon : Imprimerie Storck, 1877, page 6",
"text": "La reproduction par semis, même sous cloche, est très-difficile et très-lente à notre climat; la propagation par marcottes, et surtout par éclats, est de beaucoup préférable."
},
{
"ref": "Geneviève Duguay, Les ustensiles de culture des plantes, chapitre 4 de :Les Dessous de la terrasse à Québec: archéologie dans la cour et les jardins du château Saint-Louis, sous la direction de Pierre R. Beaudet, Environment Canada/Les éditions du Septentrion, 1990, page 112",
"text": "À ces ustensiles s'ajoutent, en quantité moindre, des cache-pot en céramique, des boîtes à plantes en bois et en terre cuite grossière ainsi que des cloches de verre."
},
{
"text": "De là l’expressionproverbiale, en parlant des personnes, élever sous cloche, élever délicatement ou mollement."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Globe qu’on met sur des plantes délicates comme des melons, des concombres, etc., ou sur des semis pour les garantir du froid."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-cy0Ybu6K",
"topics": [
"agriculture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la chimie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vase de cristal cylindrique dont on se sert pour recueillir les gaz, les mesurer."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-uUlhgmiS",
"topics": [
"chemistry"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Cloche de plongeur, cloche de plongée, cloche à plongeur."
},
{
"ref": "Alfred de Musset, Lorenzaccio, 1834, acte III, scène 3",
"text": "Lorenzo. – Mais moi, pendant ce temps-là, j’ai plongé ; je me suis enfoncé dans cette mer houleuse de la vie ; j’en ai parcouru toutes les profondeurs, couvert de ma cloche de verre ; tandis que vous admiriez la surface, j’ai vu les débris des naufrages, les ossements et les Léviathans."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Engin dans lequel on peut rester quelque temps sous l’eau pour y exécuter des travaux ou pour y recueillir des objets submergés."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-ee9m8kjt"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la botanique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "La fleur de la campanule est en cloche."
},
{
"ref": "Louis Figuier Histoire des plantes, 1865, Librairie de L. Hachette et Cie, page 510",
"text": "Sur ces branches et sur celles des Chênes et des Lauriers croit épiphytiquement le Rhododendron Dalhousiæ, grêle arbrisseau qui porte à l'extrémité de ses rameaux trois à six cloches blanches à odeur de citron, d'une douzaine de centimètres de largeur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forme de fleurs dont la corolle gamopétale rappelle une cloche (→ voir campanulée)."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun--p46hFAt",
"topics": [
"botany"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Autre nom de la mariette, sorte de campanule."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-uOoKYkEL"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français de Belgique",
"orig": "français de Belgique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Joris-Karl Huysmans, La Cathédrale, Plon-Nourrit, 1915",
"text": "Près de trois semaines s’écoulent ; et des cloches se forment et crèvent, en rendant, du sang et de l’eau ; puis l’épiderme se tigre de taches jaunes, le suintement cesse et alors l’huile sort, blanche, limpide, parfumée […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cloque."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-0Lfbeeyd",
"raw_tags": [
"Belgique"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Termes familiers en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ah quelle cloche !"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Personne un peu bête, empotée, nigaude."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-MtMrM7gG",
"tags": [
"familiar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Termes familiers en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Termes vieillis en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Se taper la cloche : Bien manger."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tête."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-6xUsJ~fv",
"tags": [
"dated",
"familiar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français des sports hippiques",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Quinté de Vincennes : Erolina évite les mauvais coups, Equidia, 9/12/2018",
"text": "Effigie Royale laisse d'énormes regrets. Grande favorite associée à Jean-Michel Bazire, elle s'est faite bousculer et s'est marchée dessus dans la phase finale, en atteste une de ses cloches que l'on voit voler sur la vidéo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pièce de caoutchouc demi-sphérique placée autour du sabot d'un cheval de course, pour en protéger les glomes et ou d'aide à l'équilibre en apportant du poids."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-8rdiRF0H",
"raw_tags": [
"Sports hippiques"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Meubles héraldiques en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "D’azur, à une cloche d’or, qui est de la commune de Saint-Girons de l’Ariège→ voir illustration « armoiries avec une cloche »"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Meuble représentant une cloche d’église dans les armoiries. Elle est généralement représentée de profil avec l’extrémité du battant (batail) visible. Quand il est d'un autre émail que la cloche, on la dit bataillée. À rapprocher de clochette, grelot et grillet."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-iJKgzIPL",
"topics": [
"heraldry"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\klɔʃ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\klɔʃ\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɔʃ\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cloche.ogg",
"ipa": "klɔʃ",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Fr-cloche.ogg/Fr-cloche.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-cloche.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France"
]
},
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{
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
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"sense_index": 1,
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{
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"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
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},
{
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},
{
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
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"sense_index": 1,
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},
{
"lang": "Bulgare",
"lang_code": "bg",
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"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "камбана"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Cornique",
"lang_code": "kw",
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"sense_index": 1,
"word": "clogh"
},
{
"lang": "Corse",
"lang_code": "co",
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"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Corse",
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},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"common"
],
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{
"lang": "Espagnol",
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"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
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{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "sonorilo"
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{
"lang": "Estonien",
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{
"lang": "Finnois",
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{
"lang": "Gaélique irlandais",
"lang_code": "ga",
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{
"lang": "Galicien",
"lang_code": "gl",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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{
"lang": "Gallois",
"lang_code": "cy",
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{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
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{
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"lang_code": "el",
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"tags": [
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{
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"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kodon",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "κώδων"
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{
"lang": "Gumuz",
"lang_code": "guk",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "dawílía"
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{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
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"sense_index": 1,
"word": "harang"
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{
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"lang_code": "io",
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"sense_index": 1,
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{
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"sense_index": 1,
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{
"lang": "Interlingua",
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"word": "campana"
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{
"lang": "Italien",
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"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
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{
"lang": "Japonais",
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{
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"word": "かね"
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{
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"word": "campana"
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{
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{
"lang": "Lituanien",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"word": "clloque"
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{
"lang": "Norvégien",
"lang_code": "no",
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{
"lang": "Occitan",
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{
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"lang_code": "oc",
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{
"lang": "Okinawaïen",
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{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
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"word": "cloque"
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{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "dzwon"
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{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Instrument",
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{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
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{
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{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
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"sense": "Instrument",
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"tags": [
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],
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{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
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{
"lang": "Sarde",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Shingazidja",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kengele"
},
{
"lang": "Slovaque",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "zvon"
},
{
"lang": "Slovène",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "zvon"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "klocka"
},
{
"lang": "Tamoul",
"lang_code": "ta",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kandamani"
},
{
"lang": "Tamoul",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "mani",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "மணி"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "zvon"
},
{
"lang": "Tourangeau",
"lang_code": "tourangeau",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campine"
},
{
"lang": "Tunen",
"lang_code": "tvu",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "oŋgɛŋ"
},
{
"lang": "Turc",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "çan"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainien",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dzvin",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
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],
"word": "дзвін"
},
{
"lang": "Vieux norrois",
"lang_code": "non",
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"word": "bjalla"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "Instrument",
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"tags": [
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"word": "clotche"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cloke"
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{
"lang": "Wilamowicien",
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"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "głok"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Pièce de caoutchouc demi-sphérique placée autour du sabot d'un cheval de course, pour en protéger les glomes et ou d'aide à l'équilibre en apportant du poids.",
"sense_index": 8,
"tags": [
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{
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"etymology_texts": [
"(1898) De clocher, avec influence du nom commun 1. (1882) être à la cloche. (Vers 1300) cloche, nom masculin signifiant « boiteux »."
],
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"tags": [
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],
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{
"ref": "René Fallet, Paris au mois d’août, Denoël, 1964, Le Livre de Poche, page 35",
"text": "Une cloche qu’a un chez lui, c’est plus une cloche, c’est mathématique."
},
{
"ref": "Revue L’Événement du jeudi, 1995",
"text": "C’est une cloche, un manchard, alcoolique, SDF, parasite, ou quelque chose d’approchant."
},
{
"ref": "Claude Keller, Vous prendrez bien une tasse de thé ?, éditions Plon, 2012",
"text": "Rumi vit comme une cloche, il se lave rarement, les cheveux jamais, il tient trop à ses dreads faites maison avec du savon noir, qui empestent dès qu’on s’approche à moins de deux mètres."
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-QONNUqhP",
"raw_tags": [
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]
},
{
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"text": "Être de la cloche."
},
{
"ref": "Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Le Feu follet (1931)",
"text": "— Ça vous épaterait si je vous disais que je suis aussi pauvre que vous, que je suis même de la cloche."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ensemble des clochards."
],
"id": "fr-cloche-fr-noun-ATcAomqz",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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},
{
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"rhymes": "\\ɔʃ\\"
},
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"Traductions en ukrainien",
"Traductions en vieux norrois",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "à cloche-pied"
},
{
"word": "à la cloche de bois"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"être fou"
],
"word": "avoir la cloche fêlée"
},
{
"word": "chapeau cloche"
},
{
"word": "clochable"
},
{
"word": "cloche à plongeur"
},
{
"word": "cloche de plongée"
},
{
"word": "cloche de plongeur"
},
{
"word": "cloche-pied"
},
{
"word": "cloche-plaque"
},
{
"word": "cloche pneumatique"
},
{
"word": "clocher"
},
{
"word": "clocheter"
},
{
"word": "clochetier"
},
{
"word": "clochette"
},
{
"word": "corde de cloche"
},
{
"word": "courbe en cloche"
},
{
"word": "déménager à la cloche de bois"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"attendre le dernier 400 m pour accélérer, en course à pied"
],
"word": "démarrer à la cloche"
},
{
"word": "faire sonner la grosse cloche"
},
{
"word": "métal de cloche"
},
{
"word": "mettre sous cloche"
},
{
"word": "n’avoir jamais perdu de vue le clocher de son village"
},
{
"word": "n’avoir vu que le clocher de son village"
},
{
"word": "noblesse de cloche"
},
{
"word": "oiseau-cloche"
},
{
"word": "raisonner comme une cloche"
},
{
"word": "scie-cloche"
},
{
"word": "se taper la cloche"
},
{
"word": "son de cloche"
},
{
"word": "sous cloche"
},
{
"word": "sonner les cloches"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(début XIIᵉ siècle) Du bas latin clocca attesté au VIIᵉ siècle, issu du gaulois *clocca (« cloche ») reconstruit d’après clogh en cornique, clog en gaélique irlandais, cloch en gallois, kloc’h en breton) et importé en France par les missionnaires irlandais ; il a supplanté le latin chrétien signum (« signal ») ou campana (« cloche »).",
"Le sens d’objet creux qui recouvre ou protège apparaît en 1538. Celui d’abri de verre qui protège des plantes ou semis, en 1675. La cloche à plongeur apparaît en 1678. La cloche à fromage, enfin, apparaît au XIXᵉ siècle. Le sens de fleurs en cloche apparaît en 1706."
],
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "bourdon"
},
{
"word": "clochette"
},
{
"word": "tocsin"
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "fr-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "qui n’écoute qu’une cloche n’entend qu’un son"
},
{
"word": "qui n’entend qu’une cloche n’a qu’un son"
},
{
"word": "qui n’entend qu’une cloche n’entend qu’un son"
}
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"word": "campaniforme"
},
{
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},
{
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}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Comte de Sanois, Questions proposées à toutes les assemblées, par un membre de la noblesse de celle de Meaux, 13 mars 1789",
"text": "Les bons citoyens qui désirent l’abolition de tous les abus, en voient encore un à réformer dans ce luxe dispendieux des cloches qui troublent le sommeil des malades et des mourants, etc."
},
{
"ref": "Octave Mirbeau, Contes cruels : Mon oncle",
"text": "Et tout à coup, l’église, qui, en face de moi, montrait son toit gauchi et sa vieille tour d’ardoise, mal d’aplomb au-dessus d’un bouquet d’acacias et de marronniers roses, les cloches tintèrent."
},
{
"ref": "Ludovic Naudeau, La France se regarde : Le Problème de la natalité, Librairie Hachette, Paris, 1931",
"text": "Dans dix ans, parmi les vestiges de Beaumat, les souffles du vent, les croassements des corbeaux et la chute des pierres retentiront seuls ; nulle oreille humaine ne les entendra et la cloche du village elle-même se taira, fatiguée de tinter seulement pour les morts."
},
{
"ref": "Sachez soigner vos vignes grêlées, dans Almanach de l’Agriculteur français - 1932, éditions La Terre nationale, page 59",
"text": "Sans insister sur le procédé qui consiste à sonner les cloches pour éviter la grêle […] il faut constater que les méthodes en apparence plus scientifiques […] n’ont pas donné de résultats bien nets […]"
},
{
"ref": "Marcel Arland, Terre natale, 1938, réédition Le Livre de Poche, page 191",
"text": "– Les cloches d’Igny, voilà. Les entends-tu ? Écoute. C’est des cloches, ça. Tu peux faire le tour du pays ; il n y en a pas de plus belles. Tu entends ? Il y en a une qui est pressée, la petite, et c’est comme si l’autre ne pouvait pas la suivre. »"
},
{
"ref": "Pascal Quignard, La haine de la musique, Gallimard, 1996, collection Folio, page 222",
"text": "La cloche dérive de l’animal. Le mot anglais de cloche vient de bellam, beugler. La cloche est le beuglement des hommes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instrument fait de métal, ordinairement de bronze, creux, ouvert, qui va en s’élargissant par en bas et dont on tire du son au moyen d’un battant suspendu à l’intérieur ou à l’aide d’un marteau extérieur."
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Exposition rétrospective de l'art français au Trocadéro (catalogue), Paris : Impr. L. Danel, 1889, page 217",
"text": "Paire de flambeaux portant une coquille sur le binet, un ornement rocaille sur le fût, et des canaux tournants sur la cloche."
},
{
"ref": "Mathieu Bock-Côté, Les amitiés suspendues par la pandémie, Le Journal de Québec, 13 février 2021",
"text": "Nous vivons, depuis un an, sous une cloche de verre qu’on appelle bulle. Il faut rester dans sa bulle, n’en jamais sortir."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tout ce qui rappelle la forme de cet instrument."
],
"tags": [
"analogy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français de la cuisine"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Hector Malot, Un mariage sous le Second Empire, 1873",
"text": "La vue de la table bien servie et le fumet des mets préparés le mettaient de belle humeur ; lorsqu’on avait enlevé les cloches d’argent qui recouvraient les plats et lorsqu’on avait débouché les bouteilles, il était prêt à écouter et à discuter les questions les plus difficiles."
},
{
"ref": "Michel Zévaco, Le Capitan, 1906, Arthème Fayard, collection « Le Livre populaire » nᵒ 31, 1907",
"text": "La table supportait, par-dessus sa nappe éblouissante, les couverts étincelants, les gobelets d’or, deux candélabres à six flambeaux de cire, des flacons de cristal où rutilaient les rubis des vieux vins de Bourgogne et toute une variété de plats recouverts de leurs cloches d’argent."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ustensile dont on couvre le fromage pour l’empêcher de se dessécher, ou un plat chaud pour le garder à bonne température."
],
"topics": [
"cuisine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "La ramie, nouveau textile soyeux: communication présentée à la Société des sciences industrielles de Lyon, dans la séance du 14 février 1877, par M. Léger, Lyon : Imprimerie Storck, 1877, page 6",
"text": "La reproduction par semis, même sous cloche, est très-difficile et très-lente à notre climat; la propagation par marcottes, et surtout par éclats, est de beaucoup préférable."
},
{
"ref": "Geneviève Duguay, Les ustensiles de culture des plantes, chapitre 4 de :Les Dessous de la terrasse à Québec: archéologie dans la cour et les jardins du château Saint-Louis, sous la direction de Pierre R. Beaudet, Environment Canada/Les éditions du Septentrion, 1990, page 112",
"text": "À ces ustensiles s'ajoutent, en quantité moindre, des cache-pot en céramique, des boîtes à plantes en bois et en terre cuite grossière ainsi que des cloches de verre."
},
{
"text": "De là l’expressionproverbiale, en parlant des personnes, élever sous cloche, élever délicatement ou mollement."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Globe qu’on met sur des plantes délicates comme des melons, des concombres, etc., ou sur des semis pour les garantir du froid."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français de la chimie"
],
"glosses": [
"Vase de cristal cylindrique dont on se sert pour recueillir les gaz, les mesurer."
],
"topics": [
"chemistry"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Cloche de plongeur, cloche de plongée, cloche à plongeur."
},
{
"ref": "Alfred de Musset, Lorenzaccio, 1834, acte III, scène 3",
"text": "Lorenzo. – Mais moi, pendant ce temps-là, j’ai plongé ; je me suis enfoncé dans cette mer houleuse de la vie ; j’en ai parcouru toutes les profondeurs, couvert de ma cloche de verre ; tandis que vous admiriez la surface, j’ai vu les débris des naufrages, les ossements et les Léviathans."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Engin dans lequel on peut rester quelque temps sous l’eau pour y exécuter des travaux ou pour y recueillir des objets submergés."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français de la botanique"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "La fleur de la campanule est en cloche."
},
{
"ref": "Louis Figuier Histoire des plantes, 1865, Librairie de L. Hachette et Cie, page 510",
"text": "Sur ces branches et sur celles des Chênes et des Lauriers croit épiphytiquement le Rhododendron Dalhousiæ, grêle arbrisseau qui porte à l'extrémité de ses rameaux trois à six cloches blanches à odeur de citron, d'une douzaine de centimètres de largeur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forme de fleurs dont la corolle gamopétale rappelle une cloche (→ voir campanulée)."
],
"topics": [
"botany"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Autre nom de la mariette, sorte de campanule."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"français de Belgique"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Joris-Karl Huysmans, La Cathédrale, Plon-Nourrit, 1915",
"text": "Près de trois semaines s’écoulent ; et des cloches se forment et crèvent, en rendant, du sang et de l’eau ; puis l’épiderme se tigre de taches jaunes, le suintement cesse et alors l’huile sort, blanche, limpide, parfumée […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cloque."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Belgique"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Termes familiers en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ah quelle cloche !"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Personne un peu bête, empotée, nigaude."
],
"tags": [
"familiar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Termes familiers en français",
"Termes vieillis en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Se taper la cloche : Bien manger."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tête."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"familiar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français des sports hippiques"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Quinté de Vincennes : Erolina évite les mauvais coups, Equidia, 9/12/2018",
"text": "Effigie Royale laisse d'énormes regrets. Grande favorite associée à Jean-Michel Bazire, elle s'est faite bousculer et s'est marchée dessus dans la phase finale, en atteste une de ses cloches que l'on voit voler sur la vidéo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pièce de caoutchouc demi-sphérique placée autour du sabot d'un cheval de course, pour en protéger les glomes et ou d'aide à l'équilibre en apportant du poids."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Sports hippiques"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Meubles héraldiques en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "D’azur, à une cloche d’or, qui est de la commune de Saint-Girons de l’Ariège→ voir illustration « armoiries avec une cloche »"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Meuble représentant une cloche d’église dans les armoiries. Elle est généralement représentée de profil avec l’extrémité du battant (batail) visible. Quand il est d'un autre émail que la cloche, on la dit bataillée. À rapprocher de clochette, grelot et grillet."
],
"topics": [
"heraldry"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\klɔʃ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\klɔʃ\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɔʃ\\"
},
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{
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"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Glocke"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "bell"
},
{
"lang": "Arabe",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "naèquus",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "ناقوس"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "ezkila"
},
{
"lang": "Bavarois",
"lang_code": "bar",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gloggn"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kloc’h"
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{
"lang": "Bulgare",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kambana",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "камбана"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
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{
"lang": "Cornique",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "clogh"
},
{
"lang": "Corse",
"lang_code": "co",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Corse",
"lang_code": "co",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "closcia"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "klokke"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "sonorilo"
},
{
"lang": "Estonien",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kell"
},
{
"lang": "Finnois",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kello"
},
{
"lang": "Gaélique irlandais",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "clog"
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{
"lang": "Galicien",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "campá"
},
{
"lang": "Gallois",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "cloch"
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{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
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"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καμπάνα"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "koudouni",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
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{
"lang": "Grec ancien",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kodon",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "κώδων"
},
{
"lang": "Gumuz",
"lang_code": "guk",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "dawílía"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "harang"
},
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "klosho"
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{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "lonceng"
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{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "鐘"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kane",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "かね"
},
{
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"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
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"lang_code": "lv",
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{
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"word": "varpas"
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{
"lang": "Malais",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "loceng"
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{
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"sense": "Instrument",
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{
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{
"lang": "Nganassan",
"lang_code": "nio",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "саӈку"
},
{
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"lang_code": "normand",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "clloque"
},
{
"lang": "Norvégien",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "klokke"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "senh"
},
{
"lang": "Okinawaïen",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "かに"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "dzwon"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campainha"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "sino"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "clopot"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
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"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
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},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
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"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "biellu"
},
{
"lang": "Sarde",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "campana"
},
{
"lang": "Shingazidja",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kengele"
},
{
"lang": "Slovaque",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "zvon"
},
{
"lang": "Slovène",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "Instrument",
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"word": "zvon"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "klocka"
},
{
"lang": "Tamoul",
"lang_code": "ta",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "kandamani"
},
{
"lang": "Tamoul",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "mani",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "மணி"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "zvon"
},
{
"lang": "Tourangeau",
"lang_code": "tourangeau",
"sense": "Instrument",
"sense_index": 1,
"word": "campine"
},
{
"lang": "Tunen",
"lang_code": "tvu",
"sense": "Instrument",
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"word": "oŋgɛŋ"
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{
"lang": "Turc",
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"sense_index": 1,
"word": "çan"
},
{
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{
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"word": "bjalla"
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{
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"word": "clotche"
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{
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{
"lang": "Wilamowicien",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "głok"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
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"sense": "Pièce de caoutchouc demi-sphérique placée autour du sabot d'un cheval de course, pour en protéger les glomes et ou d'aide à l'équilibre en apportant du poids.",
"sense_index": 8,
"tags": [
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{
"categories": [
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"Noms communs en français",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1898) De clocher, avec influence du nom commun 1. (1882) être à la cloche. (Vers 1300) cloche, nom masculin signifiant « boiteux »."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cloches",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "fr-nom-2",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Termes populaires en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "René Fallet, Paris au mois d’août, Denoël, 1964, Le Livre de Poche, page 35",
"text": "Une cloche qu’a un chez lui, c’est plus une cloche, c’est mathématique."
},
{
"ref": "Revue L’Événement du jeudi, 1995",
"text": "C’est une cloche, un manchard, alcoolique, SDF, parasite, ou quelque chose d’approchant."
},
{
"ref": "Claude Keller, Vous prendrez bien une tasse de thé ?, éditions Plon, 2012",
"text": "Rumi vit comme une cloche, il se lave rarement, les cheveux jamais, il tient trop à ses dreads faites maison avec du savon noir, qui empestent dès qu’on s’approche à moins de deux mètres."
}
],
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"raw_tags": [
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},
{
"examples": [
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{
"ref": "Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Le Feu follet (1931)",
"text": "— Ça vous épaterait si je vous disais que je suis aussi pauvre que vous, que je suis même de la cloche."
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],
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"tags": [
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}
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},
{
"ref": "Simone de Beauvoir, Mémoires d’une jeune fille rangée, 1958, réédition Le Livre de Poche, page 309",
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav.mp3",
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"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav"
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-cloche.wav.mp3",
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],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cloche"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Noms communs en ancien français",
"Noms communs en français",
"français"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "je cloche",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "il/elle/on cloche",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "que je cloche",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "qu’il/elle/on cloche",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "(2ᵉ personne du singulier)",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_id": "fr-flex-verb-1",
"pos_title": "Forme de verbe",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clocher"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Première personne du singulier de l’indicatif présent de clocher."
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clocher"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Troisième personne du singulier de l’indicatif présent de clocher."
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clocher"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Première personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de clocher."
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clocher"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Troisième personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de clocher."
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "clocher"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deuxième personne du singulier de l’impératif présent de clocher."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\klɔʃ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\klɔʃ\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɔʃ\\"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cloche.ogg",
"ipa": "klɔʃ",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Fr-cloche.ogg/Fr-cloche.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fr-cloche.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q150_(fra)-Ltrlg-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Ltrlg-cloche.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/LL-Q150_(fra)-Ltrlg-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Ltrlg-cloche.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
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],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Ltrlg-cloche.wav"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/LL-Q150_(fra)-Aemines1-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Aemines1-cloche.wav.mp3",
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],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines1-cloche.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines2-cloche.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q150_(fra)-Aemines2-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Aemines2-cloche.wav.mp3",
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],
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},
{
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-cloche.wav.ogg",
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"France (Vosges)"
],
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},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-cloche.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-cloche.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-cloche.wav.ogg",
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}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "cloche"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Français dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-28 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.