See cal on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for cal meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Symboles en conventions internationales",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Conventions internationales",
"orig": "conventions internationales",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kcal"
}
],
"lang": "Conventions internationales",
"lang_code": "conv",
"pos": "symbol",
"pos_id": "conv-symb-1",
"pos_title": "Symbole",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en conventions internationales de la métrologie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1 cal_(IT) = 4,1868 J (exactement)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Symbole de la calorie, unité de mesure d’énergie."
],
"id": "fr-cal-conv-symbol-SPlXXO3K",
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots ayant des homophones en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pronoms relatifs en ancien occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en basque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en catalan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espéranto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en indonésien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en japonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en lacandon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en néerlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en persan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en salentin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en same du Nord",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en sarde",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en sicilien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en suédois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calleux"
},
{
"word": "callosité"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Date à préciser) Du latin callum (« cal, callosité, peau épaisse, couenne »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"notes": [
"Seule une minorité de mots français en -al ont leur pluriel en -als au lieu de -aux. Il s’agit pour la plupart de noms (sans forme féminine) plutôt que des adjectifs, ou bien de mots qui doivent leur finale en -al à une étymologie différente (certains emprunts à l’anglais, par exemple) : abdal, aguedal, amenôkal, astronaval, atabal, aval, bal, bancal, barbital (et ses composés comme penthiobarbital), cal, cantal, captal, caracal, caramousal, carnal, carnaval, cérémonial (le nom), chacal, chasal, chazal, chloral, choral, copal, corral, coucal, dual, emmental, emmenthal, étal, fatal, festival, final, floréal, foiral, fural, furfural, gal, galgal, gardénal, gavial, gayal, goral, jharal, katal (et ses dérivés), kinjal, kraal, kral, kursaal, marial, marshal, matorral, minerval, mistral, narval, natal (et ses dérivés), naval (et ses composés comme aéronaval), nopal, pal (et ses composés comme contre-pal), panal, pascal (l’unité et ses dérivés), péchopal, pental, penthotal, pétrinal, pipéronal, pousal, prairial, pyridoxal, quetzal, récital, régal, rétinal (la substance chimique), revival, rial, rorqual, roseval, sabal, santal, saroual, serval, sial, sisal, sonal, spiritual (et negro-spiritual), tagal, tergal, tincal, tonal, trial, val (sauf dans l’expression par monts et par vaux), véronal, virginal (l’instrument de musique), waal."
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "fr-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la médecine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Jean Giono, Le hussard sur le toit, 1951, réédition Folio Plus, page 157",
"text": "Ce sont de vieux outils qui se placent tout naturellement à l’aise dans les cals de la main qui les manipule habituellement."
},
{
"text": "Il vient des cals aux mains à force de travailler et aux pieds à force de marcher."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Durillon, dureté cutanée, qui vient à la plante des pieds, à la paume de la main ou au genou par suite d’un frottement répété."
],
"id": "fr-cal-fr-noun-SdWHBOeU",
"topics": [
"medicine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la médecine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soudure naturelle qui rejoint les fragments d’un os rompu."
],
"id": "fr-cal-fr-noun-7k1kYHFD",
"topics": [
"medicine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de la botanique",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Amas de cellules indifférenciées produites à la suite d'une blessure. C’est le facteur de transcription WIND1 qui est responsable de ce phénomène. Ne pas confondre avec le bourrelet de recouvrement produit par la suite par les deux méristèmes secondaires : cambium et phellogène (chez les dicotylédones et gymnospermes)."
],
"id": "fr-cal-fr-noun-RtHvH0QK",
"topics": [
"botany"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\kal\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav",
"ipa": "kal",
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Nancy)"
],
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "callosité"
},
{
"word": "durillon"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "callus"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "kailu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "call"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "durícia"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"aux pieds"
],
"word": "ull de poll"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "callo"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "kaluso"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "osta novoformaĵo"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "belulang"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "kapal"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "tako",
"word": "たこ"
},
{
"lang": "Lacandon",
"lang_code": "lac",
"word": "tꞌajam"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "eelt"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "coissin"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calus"
},
{
"lang": "Persan",
"lang_code": "fa",
"word": "پینه"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calus"
},
{
"lang": "Salentin",
"lang_code": "salentin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caddu"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"word": "čoaltu"
},
{
"lang": "Sarde",
"lang_code": "sc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gallu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilien",
"lang_code": "scn",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caddu"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "valk"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ärrvävnad efter benbrott"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ärrrvävnad på växt"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "mozol"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en cruzeño",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancien occitan",
"orig": "ancien occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Ancien occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "pron",
"pos_id": "pro-pronom-rel-1",
"pos_title": "Pronom relatif",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "qual"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variante de qual."
],
"id": "fr-cal-pro-pron-o-JXVv1-",
"tags": [
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"relative"
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cruzeño",
"orig": "cruzeño",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du proto-chumash *c-alʼa."
],
"lang": "Cruzeño",
"lang_code": "crz",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "crz-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en cruzeño de l’anatomie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Foie."
],
"id": "fr-cal-crz-noun-ohEw2~qb",
"topics": [
"anatomy"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\t͡sal\\"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Formes de verbes en occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Espagnol",
"orig": "espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cal viva"
},
{
"word": "cal apagada"
},
{
"word": "cal hidráulica"
},
{
"word": "cal muerta"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin calx."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cales",
"ipas": [
"\\kales\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "es-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chaux, chaux vive (oxyde de calcium)"
],
"id": "fr-cal-es-noun-i-Yavh8i"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en espagnol de l’alchimie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chaux (oxyde métallique)."
],
"id": "fr-cal-es-noun-WwaEHvM2",
"topics": [
"alchemy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Termes désuets en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chaux, calcaire (carbonate de calcium)."
],
"id": "fr-cal-es-noun-iH9orc-g",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈkal\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav",
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"Carthagène des Indes (Colombie)"
],
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],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Occitan",
"orig": "occitan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_id": "oc-flex-verb-1",
"pos_title": "Forme de verbe",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caler"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Il faut, troisième personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif de caler."
],
"id": "fr-cal-oc-verb-iZ2fyMHa"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈkal\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polonais",
"orig": "polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"De l’allemand Zoll (« pouce ») via le tchèque coul."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cale",
"tags": [
"plural",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "calu",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cale",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cale",
"tags": [
"plural",
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "calu",
"tags": [
"singular",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "calów",
"tags": [
"plural",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "calu",
"tags": [
"singular",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "calach",
"tags": [
"plural",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "calowi",
"tags": [
"singular",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "calom",
"tags": [
"plural",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "calem",
"tags": [
"singular",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "calami",
"tags": [
"plural",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "pl-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"raw_tags": [
"masculin inanimé"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en polonais de la métrologie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Syn Jacka mierzy cztery stopy i dwa cale wzrostu.",
"translation": "Le fils de Jack mesure quatre pieds et deux pouces."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pouce."
],
"id": "fr-cal-pl-noun-72TRzQBJ",
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ʦ̑al\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-cal.wav",
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"raw_tags": [
"Będzin (Pologne)"
],
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}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Verbes en quenya",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portugais",
"orig": "portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin calx."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "pt-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chaux."
],
"id": "fr-cal-pt-noun-rDw0T2Wi"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quenya",
"orig": "quenya",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cala"
},
{
"sense": "lumière",
"word": "cálë"
},
{
"sense": "lampe",
"word": "calar"
},
{
"word": "calavénë"
},
{
"sense": "soleil",
"word": "calaventë"
},
{
"sense": "clarté, éclat",
"word": "calassë"
},
{
"word": "calima"
},
{
"sense": "brillant",
"word": "calina"
},
{
"sense": "briller",
"word": "calta"
},
{
"sense": "illuminer",
"word": "calya"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cal-"
},
{
"form": "(verbe basique)"
},
{
"form": "calë",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "á/a calë",
"raw_tags": [
"="
],
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "áva calë",
"raw_tags": [
"≠"
],
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "cála",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cálar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calë",
"raw_tags": [
"Aoriste"
]
},
{
"form": "calir",
"raw_tags": [
"Aoriste"
]
},
{
"form": "caldë",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calder",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cálië",
"tags": [
"past multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "cálier",
"tags": [
"past multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "caluva",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "caluvar",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "Plus de détails dans le"
},
{
"form": "tableau complet de conjugaison."
}
],
"lang": "Quenya",
"lang_code": "qya",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_id": "qya-verb-1",
"pos_title": "Verbe",
"raw_tags": [
"verbe basique"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Briller."
],
"id": "fr-cal-qya-verb-AQWAFULU"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "briller",
"word": "calta"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en sérère",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Roumain",
"orig": "roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "călăraș"
},
{
"translation": "á cheval",
"word": "călare"
},
{
"translation": "d’équitation, de cavalier",
"word": "călăresc"
},
{
"translation": "cavalier",
"word": "călăreț"
},
{
"translation": "aller à cheval",
"word": "călări"
},
{
"word": "călărie"
},
{
"translation": "équitation",
"word": "călărit"
},
{
"translation": "chevalet",
"word": "căluș"
},
{
"word": "călușar"
},
{
"translation": "petit cheval",
"word": "călușel"
},
{
"translation": "petit cheval",
"word": "căluț"
},
{
"translation": "hippocampe",
"word": "căluț de mare"
},
{
"translation": "monter à cheval",
"word": "încăleca"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin caballus qui supplanta le latin classique equus. La présence d’un descendant de caballus en roumain prouve que ce mot a éliminé assez rapidement (au cours IIIᵉ siècle au plus tard) equus, puisque la séparation linguistique de la Dacie (nom de la Roumanie dans l’Empire romain) date de 271 après J.-C."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "calul",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Nominatif Accusatif"
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cai",
"raw_tags": [
"non articulé",
"Nominatif Accusatif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caii",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Nominatif Accusatif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calului",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Datif Génitif"
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cai",
"raw_tags": [
"non articulé",
"Datif Génitif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cailor",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Datif Génitif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calule",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cailor",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "ro-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chevaux en roumain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cheval."
],
"id": "fr-cal-ro-noun-bN0wEk6k",
"topics": [
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en roumain des échecs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cavalier."
],
"id": "fr-cal-ro-noun-vv8vLybR",
"topics": [
"chess"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\kal\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav",
"ipa": "kal",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Craiova (Roumanie)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-cal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-cal.wav"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sérère",
"orig": "sérère",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "Sérère",
"lang_code": "srr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "srr-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Rires."
],
"id": "fr-cal-srr-noun-p-i7cig8"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en cruzeño",
"ancien occitan"
],
"lang": "Ancien occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "pron",
"pos_id": "pro-pronom-rel-1",
"pos_title": "Pronom relatif",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "qual"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variante de qual."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"relative"
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Noms communs en français",
"Symboles en conventions internationales",
"conventions internationales"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kcal"
}
],
"lang": "Conventions internationales",
"lang_code": "conv",
"pos": "symbol",
"pos_id": "conv-symb-1",
"pos_title": "Symbole",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en conventions internationales de la métrologie"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1 cal_(IT) = 4,1868 J (exactement)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Symbole de la calorie, unité de mesure d’énergie."
],
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en espagnol",
"Noms communs en espagnol",
"cruzeño"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du proto-chumash *c-alʼa."
],
"lang": "Cruzeño",
"lang_code": "crz",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "crz-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en cruzeño de l’anatomie"
],
"glosses": [
"Foie."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\t͡sal\\"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Formes de verbes en occitan",
"espagnol"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cal viva"
},
{
"word": "cal apagada"
},
{
"word": "cal hidráulica"
},
{
"word": "cal muerta"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin calx."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cales",
"ipas": [
"\\kales\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "es-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chaux, chaux vive (oxyde de calcium)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en espagnol de l’alchimie"
],
"glosses": [
"Chaux (oxyde métallique)."
],
"topics": [
"alchemy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Termes désuets en espagnol"
],
"glosses": [
"Chaux, calcaire (carbonate de calcium)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈkal\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q1321_(spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav/LL-Q1321_(spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/LL-Q1321_(spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav/LL-Q1321_(spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Carthagène des Indes (Colombie)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-cal.wav"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots ayant des homophones en français",
"Pronoms relatifs en ancien occitan",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en basque",
"Traductions en catalan",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en espéranto",
"Traductions en indonésien",
"Traductions en japonais",
"Traductions en lacandon",
"Traductions en néerlandais",
"Traductions en occitan",
"Traductions en persan",
"Traductions en roumain",
"Traductions en salentin",
"Traductions en same du Nord",
"Traductions en sarde",
"Traductions en sicilien",
"Traductions en suédois",
"Traductions en tchèque",
"français"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calleux"
},
{
"word": "callosité"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Date à préciser) Du latin callum (« cal, callosité, peau épaisse, couenne »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"notes": [
"Seule une minorité de mots français en -al ont leur pluriel en -als au lieu de -aux. Il s’agit pour la plupart de noms (sans forme féminine) plutôt que des adjectifs, ou bien de mots qui doivent leur finale en -al à une étymologie différente (certains emprunts à l’anglais, par exemple) : abdal, aguedal, amenôkal, astronaval, atabal, aval, bal, bancal, barbital (et ses composés comme penthiobarbital), cal, cantal, captal, caracal, caramousal, carnal, carnaval, cérémonial (le nom), chacal, chasal, chazal, chloral, choral, copal, corral, coucal, dual, emmental, emmenthal, étal, fatal, festival, final, floréal, foiral, fural, furfural, gal, galgal, gardénal, gavial, gayal, goral, jharal, katal (et ses dérivés), kinjal, kraal, kral, kursaal, marial, marshal, matorral, minerval, mistral, narval, natal (et ses dérivés), naval (et ses composés comme aéronaval), nopal, pal (et ses composés comme contre-pal), panal, pascal (l’unité et ses dérivés), péchopal, pental, penthotal, pétrinal, pipéronal, pousal, prairial, pyridoxal, quetzal, récital, régal, rétinal (la substance chimique), revival, rial, rorqual, roseval, sabal, santal, saroual, serval, sial, sisal, sonal, spiritual (et negro-spiritual), tagal, tergal, tincal, tonal, trial, val (sauf dans l’expression par monts et par vaux), véronal, virginal (l’instrument de musique), waal."
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "fr-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français de la médecine"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Jean Giono, Le hussard sur le toit, 1951, réédition Folio Plus, page 157",
"text": "Ce sont de vieux outils qui se placent tout naturellement à l’aise dans les cals de la main qui les manipule habituellement."
},
{
"text": "Il vient des cals aux mains à force de travailler et aux pieds à force de marcher."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Durillon, dureté cutanée, qui vient à la plante des pieds, à la paume de la main ou au genou par suite d’un frottement répété."
],
"topics": [
"medicine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français de la médecine"
],
"glosses": [
"Soudure naturelle qui rejoint les fragments d’un os rompu."
],
"topics": [
"medicine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en français de la botanique"
],
"glosses": [
"Amas de cellules indifférenciées produites à la suite d'une blessure. C’est le facteur de transcription WIND1 qui est responsable de ce phénomène. Ne pas confondre avec le bourrelet de recouvrement produit par la suite par les deux méristèmes secondaires : cambium et phellogène (chez les dicotylédones et gymnospermes)."
],
"topics": [
"botany"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\kal\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav",
"ipa": "kal",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/LL-Q150_(fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/LL-Q150_(fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Nancy)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-VictorDtmtc-cal.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "callosité"
},
{
"word": "durillon"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "callus"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "kailu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "call"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "durícia"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"aux pieds"
],
"word": "ull de poll"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "callo"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "kaluso"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "osta novoformaĵo"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "belulang"
},
{
"lang": "Indonésien",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "kapal"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "tako",
"word": "たこ"
},
{
"lang": "Lacandon",
"lang_code": "lac",
"word": "tꞌajam"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "eelt"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "coissin"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calus"
},
{
"lang": "Persan",
"lang_code": "fa",
"word": "پینه"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calus"
},
{
"lang": "Salentin",
"lang_code": "salentin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caddu"
},
{
"lang": "Same du Nord",
"lang_code": "se",
"word": "čoaltu"
},
{
"lang": "Sarde",
"lang_code": "sc",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gallu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilien",
"lang_code": "scn",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caddu"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "valk"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ärrvävnad efter benbrott"
},
{
"lang": "Suédois",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "ärrrvävnad på växt"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "mozol"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en polonais",
"occitan"
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_id": "oc-flex-verb-1",
"pos_title": "Forme de verbe",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caler"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Il faut, troisième personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif de caler."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈkal\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en portugais",
"Noms communs en portugais",
"polonais"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"De l’allemand Zoll (« pouce ») via le tchèque coul."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cale",
"tags": [
"plural",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "calu",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cale",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cale",
"tags": [
"plural",
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "calu",
"tags": [
"singular",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "calów",
"tags": [
"plural",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "calu",
"tags": [
"singular",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "calach",
"tags": [
"plural",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "calowi",
"tags": [
"singular",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "calom",
"tags": [
"plural",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "calem",
"tags": [
"singular",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "calami",
"tags": [
"plural",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "pl-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"raw_tags": [
"masculin inanimé"
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en polonais de la métrologie"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Syn Jacka mierzy cztery stopy i dwa cale wzrostu.",
"translation": "Le fils de Jack mesure quatre pieds et deux pouces."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pouce."
],
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ʦ̑al\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-cal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-cal.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-cal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-cal.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-cal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Będzin (Pologne)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-cal.wav"
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],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Verbes en quenya",
"portugais"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin calx."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "pt-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chaux."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaɫ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\kˈaw\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en roumain",
"quenya"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cala"
},
{
"sense": "lumière",
"word": "cálë"
},
{
"sense": "lampe",
"word": "calar"
},
{
"word": "calavénë"
},
{
"sense": "soleil",
"word": "calaventë"
},
{
"sense": "clarté, éclat",
"word": "calassë"
},
{
"word": "calima"
},
{
"sense": "brillant",
"word": "calina"
},
{
"sense": "briller",
"word": "calta"
},
{
"sense": "illuminer",
"word": "calya"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "cal-"
},
{
"form": "(verbe basique)"
},
{
"form": "calë",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "á/a calë",
"raw_tags": [
"="
],
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "áva calë",
"raw_tags": [
"≠"
],
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "cála",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cálar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calë",
"raw_tags": [
"Aoriste"
]
},
{
"form": "calir",
"raw_tags": [
"Aoriste"
]
},
{
"form": "caldë",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calder",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cálië",
"tags": [
"past multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "cálier",
"tags": [
"past multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "caluva",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "caluvar",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "Plus de détails dans le"
},
{
"form": "tableau complet de conjugaison."
}
],
"lang": "Quenya",
"lang_code": "qya",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_id": "qya-verb-1",
"pos_title": "Verbe",
"raw_tags": [
"verbe basique"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Briller."
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "briller",
"word": "calta"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en sérère",
"roumain"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "călăraș"
},
{
"translation": "á cheval",
"word": "călare"
},
{
"translation": "d’équitation, de cavalier",
"word": "călăresc"
},
{
"translation": "cavalier",
"word": "călăreț"
},
{
"translation": "aller à cheval",
"word": "călări"
},
{
"word": "călărie"
},
{
"translation": "équitation",
"word": "călărit"
},
{
"translation": "chevalet",
"word": "căluș"
},
{
"word": "călușar"
},
{
"translation": "petit cheval",
"word": "călușel"
},
{
"translation": "petit cheval",
"word": "căluț"
},
{
"translation": "hippocampe",
"word": "căluț de mare"
},
{
"translation": "monter à cheval",
"word": "încăleca"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin caballus qui supplanta le latin classique equus. La présence d’un descendant de caballus en roumain prouve que ce mot a éliminé assez rapidement (au cours IIIᵉ siècle au plus tard) equus, puisque la séparation linguistique de la Dacie (nom de la Roumanie dans l’Empire romain) date de 271 après J.-C."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "calul",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Nominatif Accusatif"
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cai",
"raw_tags": [
"non articulé",
"Nominatif Accusatif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caii",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Nominatif Accusatif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calului",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Datif Génitif"
],
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cai",
"raw_tags": [
"non articulé",
"Datif Génitif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cailor",
"raw_tags": [
"articulé",
"Datif Génitif"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calule",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cailor",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "ro-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chevaux en roumain"
],
"glosses": [
"Cheval."
],
"topics": [
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en roumain des échecs"
],
"glosses": [
"Cavalier."
],
"topics": [
"chess"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\kal\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav",
"ipa": "kal",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Craiova (Roumanie)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-cal.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-cal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav/LL-Q7913_(ron)-Andreea_Teodoraa-cal.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-cal.wav"
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
{
"categories": [
"sérère"
],
"lang": "Sérère",
"lang_code": "srr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_id": "srr-nom-1",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Rires."
]
}
],
"word": "cal"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.