See रात्रि in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for रात्रि meaning in Sanskrit (19.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dardic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "rat"
},
"expansion": "rat",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "رات",
"tr": "rat"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha: رات (rat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalasha: رات (rat)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks"
},
"expansion": "Kashmiri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashmiri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "راتھ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: راتھ (rāth)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: راتھ (rāth)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "राथ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: राथ (rāth)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: राथ (rāth)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "raát"
},
"expansion": "raát",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "رات",
"tr": "raát"
},
"expansion": "Phalura: رات (raát)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phalura: رات (raát)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ash",
"2": "𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺",
"3": "*𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀺",
"4": "*𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺 (lāti), *𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀺 (*rāti), *𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (*ratti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺 (lāti), *𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀺 (*rāti), *𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (*ratti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pra",
"2": "𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺",
"3": "𑀭𑀸𑀇"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti), 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti), 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgd",
"2": "𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁"
},
"expansion": "Gandhari: 𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (ratri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gandhari: 𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (ratri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "ratti"
},
"expansion": "Pali: ratti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: ratti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "রাত্রি",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: রাত্রি (ratri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: রাত্রি (ratri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "रात्रि",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: रात्रि (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: रात्रि (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ರಾತ್ರಿ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ರಾತ್ರಿ (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ರಾತ್ರಿ (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "រាត្រី",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khmer: រាត្រី (riətrəy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khmer: រាត្រី (riətrəy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "രാത്രി",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malayalam: രാത്രി (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malayalam: രാത്രി (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "रात्र",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: रात्र (rātra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: रात्र (rātra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "இராத்திரி",
"3": "ராத்திரி",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: இராத்திரி (irāttiri), ராத்திரி (rāttiri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: இராத்திரி (irāttiri), ராத்திரி (rāttiri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "రాత్రి",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: రాత్రి (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: రాత్రి (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ราตรี",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: ราตรี (raa-dtrii)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: ราตรี (raa-dtrii)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्रि"
},
"expansion": "रात्रि (rātri)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नारी",
"tr": "nā́rī"
},
"expansion": "नारी (nā́rī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नारि",
"tr": "nā́ri"
},
"expansion": "नारि (nā́ri)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नप्ती",
"tr": "naptī́"
},
"expansion": "नप्ती (naptī́)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नप्ति",
"tr": "naptí"
},
"expansion": "नप्ति (naptí)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नप्ति"
},
"expansion": "नप्ति (napti)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested from the Middle Vedic period onwards, the term arose as a dialectal variant of an older रात्री (rā́trī). The Rigveda only attests रात्री (rā́trī) but the Vedic texts that came after the Rigveda attest both the variants. In Classical Sanskrit literature, only रात्रि (rātri) is attested and all the Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are formally descended from this variant, suggesting that the older form रात्री (rā́trī) completely fell out of use by the end of the Vedic period.\nAlthough not common, variations of a similar nature have also been observed in नारी (nā́rī) ~ नारि (nā́ri) and नप्ती (naptī́) ~ नप्ति (naptí). The presence of such alteration in other languages (see नप्ति (napti)) suggests that such variants with shortened vowels are not completely unetymological and may have existed as dialectal variants in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. For further etymology and cognates, see रात्री (rā́trī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rā́tri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिः",
"roman": "rā́triḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री",
"roman": "rā́trī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रयः",
"roman": "rā́trayaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रे",
"roman": "rā́tre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री",
"roman": "rā́trī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रयः",
"roman": "rā́trayaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिम्",
"roman": "rā́trim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री",
"roman": "rā́trī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रीः",
"roman": "rā́trīḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्या",
"roman": "rā́tryā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री1",
"roman": "rā́trī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्याम्",
"roman": "rā́tribhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभिः",
"roman": "rā́tribhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रये",
"roman": "rā́traye",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्यै2",
"roman": "rā́tryai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री1",
"roman": "rā́trī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्याम्",
"roman": "rā́tribhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्यः",
"roman": "rā́tribhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रेः",
"roman": "rā́treḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्याः2",
"roman": "rā́tryāḥ2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्यै3",
"roman": "rā́tryai3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्याम्",
"roman": "rā́tribhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्यः",
"roman": "rā́tribhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रेः",
"roman": "rā́treḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्याः2",
"roman": "rā́tryāḥ2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्यै3",
"roman": "rā́tryai3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्योः",
"roman": "rā́tryoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रीणाम्",
"roman": "rā́trīṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रौ",
"roman": "rā́trau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्याम्2",
"roman": "rā́tryām2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रा1",
"roman": "rā́trā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्योः",
"roman": "rā́tryoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिषु",
"roman": "rā́triṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"tr": "rā́tri"
},
"expansion": "रात्रि • (rā́tri) stem, f",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rā́tri"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whatever [enemy] I have met with, whether at dusk or during early night,\nWhether waking or sleeping, whether by day or by night.\nWhether I meet with it day by day, from that do I bribe him away.\nSlay him; rejoice in this; crush his ribs.\nLet him not live. Let the breath of life forsake him.",
"ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 16.7",
"roman": "sa mā jīvīttaṃ prāṇo jahātu.",
"text": "यददोअदो अभ्यगछं यद्दोषा यत्पूर्वां रात्रिम् ॥\nयज्जाग्रद्यत्सुप्तो यद्दिवा यन् नक्तम् ॥\nयदहरहरभिगछामि तस्मादेनमव दये ॥\nतं जहि तेन मन्दस्व तस्य पृष्टीरपि शृणीहि ॥\nस मा जीवीत्तं प्राणो जहातु ॥\nyadadoado abhyagachaṃ yaddoṣā yatpūrvāṃ rātrim.\nyajjāgradyatsupto yaddivā yan naktam.\nyadaharaharabhigachāmi tasmādenamava daye.\ntaṃ jahi tena mandasva tasya pṛṣṭīrapi śṛṇīhi."
}
],
"glosses": [
"night"
],
"id": "en-रात्रि-sa-noun-F2Rz1zEz",
"links": [
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "nákti",
"word": "नक्ति"
},
{
"roman": "kṣáp",
"word": "क्षप्"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "रात्रि"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अकाल"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अक्ता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अक्तु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अन्धिका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अञ्जन"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "असिक्नी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "असुरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "आवसति"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अव्यथिषी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "भौती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "चक्रभेदिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "चन्द्रकान्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "धारा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ध्वान्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "दोषा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "गन्धर्व"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "घोरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "घृताची"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "इन्द्र"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "इन्दु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "हिमा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "इन्दुकान्ता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ज्योतिष्मती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कलापिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "काली"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कर्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कोष्ठ"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कृष्णी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षणदा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षणिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षपा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षिप"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षिप्ता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षित्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "मोकी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नक्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नक्तमुखा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नक्ति"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निरातपा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशिता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निषद्वर"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशीथ"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशीथ्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशीथिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "परितक्म्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्प"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्विनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्वती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रजनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "राक्षस"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "राक्षोजननी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रामी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "राम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रात्रिका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शमनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शार्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शर्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शताक्षी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शत्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शिरिणा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शोकी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "सूचिन्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "सुपर्ण"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "सुरजनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "श्यामा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "श्यावी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तामसी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तमस्वती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तमा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तमी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तन्यतु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ताराभूषा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तारकिणी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "त्रियामा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तुङ्ग"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ऊर्धस्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "उमा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ऊर्म्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वासतेयी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वासरकन्यका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वसति"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वाशुरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वस्वी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वायुरोषा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "विश्वावसु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वृतार्चिस्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामिका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामवती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामीरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "याम्या"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾɑ́ːt.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɾɑːt̪.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"word": "रात्रि"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dardic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "rat"
},
"expansion": "rat",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "رات",
"tr": "rat"
},
"expansion": "Kalasha: رات (rat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalasha: رات (rat)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks"
},
"expansion": "Kashmiri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashmiri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "راتھ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: راتھ (rāth)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: راتھ (rāth)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ks",
"2": "राथ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: राथ (rāth)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: राथ (rāth)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "raát"
},
"expansion": "raát",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phl",
"2": "رات",
"tr": "raát"
},
"expansion": "Phalura: رات (raát)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phalura: رات (raát)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ash",
"2": "𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺",
"3": "*𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀺",
"4": "*𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺"
},
"expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺 (lāti), *𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀺 (*rāti), *𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (*ratti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺 (lāti), *𑀭𑀸𑀢𑀺 (*rāti), *𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (*ratti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pra",
"2": "𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺",
"3": "𑀭𑀸𑀇"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti), 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti), 𑀭𑀸𑀇 (rāi) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgd",
"2": "𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁"
},
"expansion": "Gandhari: 𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (ratri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gandhari: 𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (ratri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "ratti"
},
"expansion": "Pali: ratti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: ratti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "রাত্রি",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: রাত্রি (ratri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: রাত্রি (ratri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "रात्रि",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: रात्रि (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: रात्रि (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ರಾತ್ರಿ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ರಾತ್ರಿ (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ರಾತ್ರಿ (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "រាត្រី",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khmer: រាត្រី (riətrəy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khmer: រាត្រី (riətrəy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "രാത്രി",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malayalam: രാത്രി (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malayalam: രാത്രി (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "रात्र",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: रात्र (rātra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: रात्र (rātra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "இராத்திரி",
"3": "ராத்திரி",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: இராத்திரி (irāttiri), ராத்திரி (rāttiri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: இராத்திரி (irāttiri), ராத்திரி (rāttiri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "రాత్రి",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: రాత్రి (rātri)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: రాత్రి (rātri)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ราตรี",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: ราตรี (raa-dtrii)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: ราตรี (raa-dtrii)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्रि"
},
"expansion": "रात्रि (rātri)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नारी",
"tr": "nā́rī"
},
"expansion": "नारी (nā́rī)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नारि",
"tr": "nā́ri"
},
"expansion": "नारि (nā́ri)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नप्ती",
"tr": "naptī́"
},
"expansion": "नप्ती (naptī́)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नप्ति",
"tr": "naptí"
},
"expansion": "नप्ति (naptí)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "नप्ति"
},
"expansion": "नप्ति (napti)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रात्री",
"tr": "rā́trī"
},
"expansion": "रात्री (rā́trī)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested from the Middle Vedic period onwards, the term arose as a dialectal variant of an older रात्री (rā́trī). The Rigveda only attests रात्री (rā́trī) but the Vedic texts that came after the Rigveda attest both the variants. In Classical Sanskrit literature, only रात्रि (rātri) is attested and all the Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are formally descended from this variant, suggesting that the older form रात्री (rā́trī) completely fell out of use by the end of the Vedic period.\nAlthough not common, variations of a similar nature have also been observed in नारी (nā́rī) ~ नारि (nā́ri) and नप्ती (naptī́) ~ नप्ति (naptí). The presence of such alteration in other languages (see नप्ति (napti)) suggests that such variants with shortened vowels are not completely unetymological and may have existed as dialectal variants in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. For further etymology and cognates, see रात्री (rā́trī).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rā́tri",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिः",
"roman": "rā́triḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री",
"roman": "rā́trī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रयः",
"roman": "rā́trayaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रे",
"roman": "rā́tre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री",
"roman": "rā́trī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रयः",
"roman": "rā́trayaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिम्",
"roman": "rā́trim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री",
"roman": "rā́trī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रीः",
"roman": "rā́trīḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्या",
"roman": "rā́tryā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री1",
"roman": "rā́trī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्याम्",
"roman": "rā́tribhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभिः",
"roman": "rā́tribhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रये",
"roman": "rā́traye",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्यै2",
"roman": "rā́tryai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्री1",
"roman": "rā́trī1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्याम्",
"roman": "rā́tribhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्यः",
"roman": "rā́tribhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रेः",
"roman": "rā́treḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्याः2",
"roman": "rā́tryāḥ2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्यै3",
"roman": "rā́tryai3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्याम्",
"roman": "rā́tribhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिभ्यः",
"roman": "rā́tribhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रेः",
"roman": "rā́treḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्याः2",
"roman": "rā́tryāḥ2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्यै3",
"roman": "rā́tryai3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्योः",
"roman": "rā́tryoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रीणाम्",
"roman": "rā́trīṇām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रौ",
"roman": "rā́trau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्याम्2",
"roman": "rā́tryām2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रा1",
"roman": "rā́trā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्र्योः",
"roman": "rā́tryoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "रात्रिषु",
"roman": "rā́triṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"tr": "rā́tri"
},
"expansion": "रात्रि • (rā́tri) stem, f",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rā́tri"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "nákti",
"word": "नक्ति"
},
{
"roman": "kṣáp",
"word": "क्षप्"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit feminine nouns",
"Sanskrit i-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whatever [enemy] I have met with, whether at dusk or during early night,\nWhether waking or sleeping, whether by day or by night.\nWhether I meet with it day by day, from that do I bribe him away.\nSlay him; rejoice in this; crush his ribs.\nLet him not live. Let the breath of life forsake him.",
"ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 16.7",
"roman": "sa mā jīvīttaṃ prāṇo jahātu.",
"text": "यददोअदो अभ्यगछं यद्दोषा यत्पूर्वां रात्रिम् ॥\nयज्जाग्रद्यत्सुप्तो यद्दिवा यन् नक्तम् ॥\nयदहरहरभिगछामि तस्मादेनमव दये ॥\nतं जहि तेन मन्दस्व तस्य पृष्टीरपि शृणीहि ॥\nस मा जीवीत्तं प्राणो जहातु ॥\nyadadoado abhyagachaṃ yaddoṣā yatpūrvāṃ rātrim.\nyajjāgradyatsupto yaddivā yan naktam.\nyadaharaharabhigachāmi tasmādenamava daye.\ntaṃ jahi tena mandasva tasya pṛṣṭīrapi śṛṇīhi."
}
],
"glosses": [
"night"
],
"links": [
[
"night",
"night"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "रात्रि"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾɑ́ːt.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɾɑːt̪.ɾi/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अकाल"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अक्ता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अक्तु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अन्धिका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अञ्जन"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "असिक्नी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "असुरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "आवसति"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "अव्यथिषी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "भौती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "चक्रभेदिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "चन्द्रकान्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "धारा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ध्वान्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "दोषा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "गन्धर्व"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "घोरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "घृताची"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "इन्द्र"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "इन्दु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "हिमा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "इन्दुकान्ता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ज्योतिष्मती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कलापिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "काली"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कर्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कोष्ठ"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "कृष्णी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षणदा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षणिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षपा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षिप"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षिप्ता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "क्षित्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "मोकी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नक्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नक्तमुखा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नक्ति"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निरातपा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "नम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशिता"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निषद्वर"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशीथ"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशीथ्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "निशीथिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "परितक्म्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्प"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्विनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "पयस्वती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रजनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "राक्षस"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "राक्षोजननी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रामी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "राम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "रात्रिका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शमनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शार्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शर्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शताक्षी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शत्वरी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शिरिणा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "शोकी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "सूचिन्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "सुपर्ण"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "सुरजनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "श्यामा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "श्यावी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तामसी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तमस्वती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तमा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तमी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तन्यतु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ताराभूषा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तारकिणी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "त्रियामा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "तुङ्ग"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ऊर्धस्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "उमा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "ऊर्म्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वासतेयी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वासरकन्यका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वसति"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वाशुरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वस्वी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वायुरोषा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "विश्वावसु"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "वृतार्चिस्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामिका"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामिनी"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामवती"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यामीरा"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "यम्या"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:रात्रि",
"word": "याम्या"
}
],
"word": "रात्रि"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"रात्रि"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "रात्रि",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.