"śěrъ" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See śěrъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: Related to Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”), but beyond that of uncertain origin. Possible etymologies include: * Per Vaillant, Trubachev, Derksen: From pre-Slavic *xoirъ, continuing Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós, from *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”) or less likely *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”). Morphologically equivalent to *śě- + *-rъ. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *keiros (> Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”)), Proto-Germanic *hairaz (> Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”), Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)). Compare also Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós). * ?: Less likely West Slavic are from an earlier *sjěrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós, from *(s)ḱeyh₁- (“to shimmer”). Compare Lithuanian šėmas (< *ḱyeh₁-mó-). * Per Snoj: From *ksey-, akin to Persian شید (“bright”). * Per Meillet, Pedersen, Shakhmatov, Kroonen: A borrowing from Proto-Germanic *hairaz. Etymology templates: {{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*(s)ḱeh₃-}}, {{cog|sla-pro|*śědъ||dim, gray}} Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”), {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro||*sḱoHy-rós}} Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós, {{affix|sla-pro|*-rъ}} *-rъ, {{cog|cel-pro|*keiros}} Proto-Celtic *keiros, {{cog|mga|cíar||dark-brown}} Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”), {{cog|gem-pro|*hairaz}} Proto-Germanic *hairaz, {{cog|non|hárr||gray-haired}} Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”), {{cog|ang|hār||gray, gray-haired}} Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”), {{cog|grc|κιρρός}} Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós), {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱyeh₁-|*ḱyeh₁-rós}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós, {{cog|lt|šėmas}} Lithuanian šėmas, {{cog|fa|شید||bright}} Persian شید (“bright”), {{cog|gem-pro|*hairaz}} Proto-Germanic *hairaz Forms: *xěrъ [alternative], no-table-tags [table-tags], śěrъ [masculine, nominative, singular], śěra [feminine, nominative, singular], śěro [neuter, nominative, singular], śěra [genitive, masculine, singular], śěry [feminine, genitive, singular], śěra [genitive, neuter, singular], śěru [dative, masculine, singular], śěrě [dative, feminine, singular], śěru [dative, neuter, singular], śěrъ [accusative, masculine, singular], śěrǫ [accusative, feminine, singular], śěro [accusative, neuter, singular], śěromь [instrumental, masculine, singular], śěrojǫ [feminine, instrumental, singular], śěromь [instrumental, neuter, singular], śěrě [locative, masculine, singular], śěrě [feminine, locative, singular], śěrě [locative, neuter, singular], śěre [masculine, singular, vocative], śěro [feminine, singular, vocative], śěro [neuter, singular, vocative], śěra [dual, masculine, nominative], śěrě [dual, feminine, nominative], śěrě [dual, neuter, nominative], śěru [dual, genitive, masculine], śěru [dual, feminine, genitive], śěru [dual, genitive, neuter], śěroma [dative, dual, masculine], śěrama [dative, dual, feminine], śěroma [dative, dual, neuter], śěra [accusative, dual, masculine], śěrě [accusative, dual, feminine], śěrě [accusative, dual, neuter], śěroma [dual, instrumental, masculine], śěrama [dual, feminine, instrumental], śěroma [dual, instrumental, neuter], śěru [dual, locative, masculine], śěru [dual, feminine, locative], śěru [dual, locative, neuter], śěra [dual, masculine, vocative], śěrě [dual, feminine, vocative], śěrě [dual, neuter, vocative], śěri [masculine, nominative, plural], śěry [feminine, nominative, plural], śěra [neuter, nominative, plural], śěrъ [genitive, masculine, plural], śěrъ [feminine, genitive, plural], śěrъ [genitive, neuter, plural], śěromъ [dative, masculine, plural], śěramъ [dative, feminine, plural], śěromъ [dative, neuter, plural], śěry [accusative, masculine, plural], śěry [accusative, feminine, plural], śěra [accusative, neuter, plural], śěry [instrumental, masculine, plural], śěrami [feminine, instrumental, plural], śěry [instrumental, neuter, plural], śěrěxъ [locative, masculine, plural], śěraxъ [feminine, locative, plural], śěrěxъ [locative, neuter, plural], śěri [masculine, plural, vocative], śěry [feminine, plural, vocative], śěra [neuter, plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], śěrъjь [masculine, nominative, singular], śěraja [feminine, nominative, singular], śěroje [neuter, nominative, singular], śěrajego [genitive, masculine, singular], śěryję̇ [feminine, genitive, singular], śěrajego [genitive, neuter, singular], śěrujemu [dative, masculine, singular], śěrěji [dative, feminine, singular], śěrujemu [dative, neuter, singular], śěrъjь [accusative, masculine, singular], śěrǫjǫ [accusative, feminine, singular], śěroje [accusative, neuter, singular], śěryjimь [instrumental, masculine, singular], śěrǫjǫ [feminine, instrumental, singular], śěryjimь [instrumental, neuter, singular], śěrějemь [locative, masculine, singular], śěrěji [feminine, locative, singular], śěrějemь [locative, neuter, singular], śěrъjь [masculine, singular, vocative], śěraja [feminine, singular, vocative], śěroje [neuter, singular, vocative], śěraja [dual, masculine, nominative], śěrěji [dual, feminine, nominative], śěrěji [dual, neuter, nominative], śěruju [dual, genitive, masculine], śěruju [dual, feminine, genitive], śěruju [dual, genitive, neuter], śěryjima [dative, dual, masculine], śěryjima [dative, dual, feminine], śěryjima [dative, dual, neuter], śěraja [accusative, dual, masculine], śěrěji [accusative, dual, feminine], śěrěji [accusative, dual, neuter], śěryjima [dual, instrumental, masculine], śěryjima [dual, feminine, instrumental], śěryjima [dual, instrumental, neuter], śěruju [dual, locative, masculine], śěruju [dual, feminine, locative], śěruju [dual, locative, neuter], śěraja [dual, masculine, vocative], śěrěji [dual, feminine, vocative], śěrěji [dual, neuter, vocative], śěriji [masculine, nominative, plural], śěryję̇ [feminine, nominative, plural], śěraja [neuter, nominative, plural], śěrъjixъ [genitive, masculine, plural], śěrъjixъ [feminine, genitive, plural], śěrъjixъ [genitive, neuter, plural], śěryjimъ [dative, masculine, plural], śěryjimъ [dative, feminine, plural], śěryjimъ [dative, neuter, plural], śěryję̇ [accusative, masculine, plural], śěryję̇ [accusative, feminine, plural], śěraja [accusative, neuter, plural], śěryjimi [instrumental, masculine, plural], śěryjimi [feminine, instrumental, plural], śěryjimi [instrumental, neuter, plural], śěryjixъ [locative, masculine, plural], śěryjixъ [feminine, locative, plural], śěryjixъ [locative, neuter, plural], śěriji [masculine, plural, vocative], śěryję̇ [feminine, plural, vocative], śěraja [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. gray Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers, Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-śěrъ-sla-pro-adj-DpLWn5uV Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Related terms: bělъ(of animals) *bronъ, sivъ, śěrъ, śědъ, čьrnъ, smaglъ, smǫglъ(of animals) *vornъ, galъ, čьrvenъ, ryďь, ruměnъ, rudъ, granivъ, smědъ(of animals) *gnědъ, žьltъ(of animals) *solvъ, polvъ, zelenъ, grěnъ, siňь, modrъ, slivъ, bagrъ, sivъ (english: gray) [possibly]
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "сѣръ",
            "3": "сѣрꙑи"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), сѣрꙑи (sěryi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), сѣрꙑи (sěryi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "сѣ́рый"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сѣ́рый (sě́ryj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: сѣ́рый (sě́ryj)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "се́ры"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: се́ры (sjéry)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: се́ры (sjéry) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "сі́рий"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: сі́рий (síryj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: сі́рий (síryj)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "се́рый"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: се́рый (séryj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: се́рый (séryj)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ono",
            "2": "хѣрь",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Novgorodian: хѣрь (xěrĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Novgorodian: хѣрь (xěrĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "сѣръ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: сѣръ (sěrŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script"
          },
          "expansion": "(name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), possibly хѣръ (xěrŭ) (name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "сяр",
            "qq": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: сяр (sjar) (archaic)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: сяр (sjar) (archaic), dial. сер (ser)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "sẹ̑r",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: sẹ̑r",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sẹ̑r"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: sẹ̑r (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: sẹ̑r (tonal orthography) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "šěrý"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: šěrý",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: šěrý"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "šerý",
            "3": "",
            "qq": "dated"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: šerý (dated)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: šerý (dated)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "szari"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: szari",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: szari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "szary"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: szary",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: szary"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "szary"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: szary",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: szary"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "шэ́ры",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Belarusian: шэ́ры (šéry)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Belarusian: шэ́ры (šéry)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "šerý"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: šerý",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: šerý"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "šěry"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: šěry",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: šěry"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "šery"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: šery",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: šery"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ḱeh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*śědъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dim, gray"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sḱoHy-rós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-rъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-rъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*keiros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *keiros",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "cíar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dark-brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hairaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hairaz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hárr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gray-haired"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hār",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gray, gray-haired"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κιρρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱyeh₁-",
        "4": "*ḱyeh₁-rós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "šėmas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian šėmas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "شید",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bright"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شید (“bright”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hairaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hairaz",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”), but beyond that of uncertain origin. Possible etymologies include:\n* Per Vaillant, Trubachev, Derksen: From pre-Slavic *xoirъ, continuing Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós, from *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”) or less likely *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”). Morphologically equivalent to *śě- + *-rъ. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *keiros (> Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”)), Proto-Germanic *hairaz (> Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”), Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)). Compare also Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós).\n* ?: Less likely West Slavic are from an earlier *sjěrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós, from *(s)ḱeyh₁- (“to shimmer”). Compare Lithuanian šėmas (< *ḱyeh₁-mó-).\n* Per Snoj: From *ksey-, akin to Persian شید (“bright”).\n* Per Meillet, Pedersen, Shakhmatov, Kroonen: A borrowing from Proto-Germanic *hairaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "*xěrъ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěramъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěriji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěriji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/śěrъ",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gray"
      ],
      "id": "en-śěrъ-sla-pro-adj-DpLWn5uV",
      "links": [
        [
          "gray",
          "gray"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "bělъ(of animals) *bronъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "sivъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "śěrъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "śědъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "čьrnъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "smaglъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "smǫglъ(of animals) *vornъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "galъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "čьrvenъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ryďь"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruměnъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "rudъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "granivъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "smědъ(of animals) *gnědъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "žьltъ(of animals) *solvъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "polvъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "zelenъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "grěnъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "siňь"
        },
        {
          "word": "modrъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "slivъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "bagrъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "gray",
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "sivъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "śěrъ"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "сѣръ",
            "3": "сѣрꙑи"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), сѣрꙑи (sěryi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), сѣрꙑи (sěryi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "сѣ́рый"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сѣ́рый (sě́ryj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: сѣ́рый (sě́ryj)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "се́ры"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: се́ры (sjéry)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: се́ры (sjéry) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "сі́рий"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: сі́рий (síryj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: сі́рий (síryj)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "се́рый"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: се́рый (séryj)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: се́рый (séryj)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ono",
            "2": "хѣрь",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Novgorodian: хѣрь (xěrĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Novgorodian: хѣрь (xěrĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "сѣръ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: сѣръ (sěrŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script"
          },
          "expansion": "(name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), possibly хѣръ (xěrŭ) (name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "сяр",
            "qq": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: сяр (sjar) (archaic)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: сяр (sjar) (archaic), dial. сер (ser)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "sẹ̑r",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: sẹ̑r",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sẹ̑r"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: sẹ̑r (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: sẹ̑r (tonal orthography) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "šěrý"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: šěrý",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: šěrý"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "šerý",
            "3": "",
            "qq": "dated"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: šerý (dated)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: šerý (dated)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "szari"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: szari",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: szari"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "szary"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: szary",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: szary"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "szary"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: szary",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: szary"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "шэ́ры",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Belarusian: шэ́ры (šéry)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Belarusian: шэ́ры (šéry)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "šerý"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: šerý",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: šerý"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "šěry"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: šěry",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: šěry"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "šery"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: šery",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: šery"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ḱeh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*śědъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dim, gray"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sḱoHy-rós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-rъ"
      },
      "expansion": "*-rъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*keiros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *keiros",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mga",
        "2": "cíar",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dark-brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hairaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hairaz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hárr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gray-haired"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hār",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gray, gray-haired"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κιρρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱyeh₁-",
        "4": "*ḱyeh₁-rós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "šėmas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian šėmas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "شید",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bright"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian شید (“bright”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hairaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hairaz",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”), but beyond that of uncertain origin. Possible etymologies include:\n* Per Vaillant, Trubachev, Derksen: From pre-Slavic *xoirъ, continuing Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós, from *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”) or less likely *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”). Morphologically equivalent to *śě- + *-rъ. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *keiros (> Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”)), Proto-Germanic *hairaz (> Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”), Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)). Compare also Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós).\n* ?: Less likely West Slavic are from an earlier *sjěrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós, from *(s)ḱeyh₁- (“to shimmer”). Compare Lithuanian šėmas (< *ḱyeh₁-mó-).\n* Per Snoj: From *ksey-, akin to Persian شید (“bright”).\n* Per Meillet, Pedersen, Shakhmatov, Kroonen: A borrowing from Proto-Germanic *hairaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "*xěrъ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěro",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěramъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěromъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěroje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěruju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěriji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěrъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěriji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěryję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "śěraja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/śěrъ",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bělъ(of animals) *bronъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "sivъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "śěrъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "śědъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "čьrnъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "smaglъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "smǫglъ(of animals) *vornъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "galъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "čьrvenъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ryďь"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruměnъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "rudъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "granivъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "smědъ(of animals) *gnědъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "žьltъ(of animals) *solvъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "polvъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "zelenъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "grěnъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "siňь"
    },
    {
      "word": "modrъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "slivъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "bagrъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "gray",
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "sivъ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic adjectives",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ḱeh₃-"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gray"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gray",
          "gray"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "śěrъ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for śěrъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (19.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.