See tun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Heidelberg Tun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mash tun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tun-belly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "tunne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tunne",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tunne",
"4": "",
"5": "tun, cask, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tunnǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tunna",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin tunna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "tenn",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ton",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Tonne",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, drum"
},
"expansion": "German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tønde",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Danish tønde (“barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel, cask, tun"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tunna (“barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tonne"
},
"expansion": "Old French tonne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "tonneau",
"3": "",
"4": "ton, barrel"
},
"expansion": "French tonneau (“ton, barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "cask"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "cask"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish tunna (“cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tynell",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.\nCognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tunne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "tonne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tun (plural tuns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 9 9 7 6 5 6 6 6 10 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "en:Vessels",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.)"
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-VJqlrVN8",
"links": [
[
"cask",
"cask"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sud"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "káď"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"word": "tonel"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tunna"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baryła"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baryłka"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"word": "tonel"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bóčka",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бо́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 4 15 4 9 4 4 2 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"word": "tonel"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Brewing",
"orig": "en:Brewing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 10 15 9 7 9 5 7 13 6",
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"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 8 8 7 6 7 7 7 11 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Snails",
"orig": "en:Snails",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fermenting vat."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-BcMq4tWk",
"links": [
[
"brewing",
"brewing#Noun"
],
[
"vat",
"vat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(brewing) A fermenting vat."
],
"topics": [
"beverages",
"brewing",
"business",
"food",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 11 10 15 9 7 9 5 7 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 13 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Conchology",
"orig": "en:Conchology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
62
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],
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:",
"text": "Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A traditional unit of liquid measure (from the volume of such a cask) equal to 252 wine gallons or 2 pipes."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-bL~-JKbv",
"links": [
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"unit",
"unit of measure"
],
[
"liquid measure",
"liquid measure"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
],
[
"equal",
"equal"
],
[
"wine gallon",
"wine gallon"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A traditional unit of liquid measure (from the volume of such a cask) equal to 252 wine gallons or 2 pipes."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "7 9 11 20 6 16 11 3 4 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 11 24 8 5 10 4 6 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 27 8 4 11 3 5 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 10 22 8 5 10 4 6 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 10 19 6 16 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 11 27 8 4 11 3 5 5 9",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 11 25 6 3 12 3 5 5 11",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 20 30 4 2 10 1 4 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of long ton: a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-70MUnXpu",
"links": [
[
"long ton",
"long ton#English"
],
[
"unit",
"unit of measure"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"equal",
"equal"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"hundredweight",
"hundredweight"
],
[
"pounds avoirdupois",
"avoirdupois pounds"
],
[
"each",
"each"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "long ton"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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55,
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"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "He therefore sends you, meeter for your spirit, / This tun of treasure; and, in lieu of this, / Desires you let the dukedoms that you claim / Hear no more of you.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
5
]
],
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, lines 195–196:",
"text": "A Tun of Man in thy Large bulk is writ, / But sure thou'rt but a Kilderkin of wit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of ton: any extremely or excessively large amount."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-Vz~eI0bd",
"links": [
[
"ton",
"ton#English"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"excessively",
"excessively"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Synonym of ton: any extremely or excessively large amount."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "any extremely or excessively large amount",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ton"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 9 11 20 6 16 11 3 4 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 10 19 6 16 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of drunkard: a person who drinks excessively."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-KOC80quf",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"drunkard",
"drunkard#English"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"excessively",
"excessively"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, humorous or derogatory) Synonym of drunkard: a person who drinks excessively."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a person who drinks excessively",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "drunkard"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"derogatory",
"humorous"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 9 11 20 6 16 11 3 4 5 7",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 11 10 19 6 16 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-LHD-EPYA",
"links": [
[
"Tonna",
"Tonna#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 10 9 9 6 24 6 6 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "en:Physiology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The cryptobiotic state of a tardigrade, when its metabolism is temporarily suspended."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-d0Fun2FP",
"links": [
[
"cryptobiotic",
"cryptobiotic"
],
[
"tardigrade",
"tardigrade"
],
[
"metabolism",
"metabolism"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Oxford University English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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43,
47
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"ref": "1900, Douglas Macleane, Pembroke College, page 249:",
"text": "So abundant is the supply of tankards and \"tuns\" […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small silver cup holding half a pint, sometimes having a whistle in the handle that could not be blown until the cup was empty."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-I0Gr0Vwk",
"qualifier": "Oxford University; Pembroke College; Oxford University; Pembroke College",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Oxford University, Pembroke College) A small silver cup holding half a pint, sometimes having a whistle in the handle that could not be blown until the cup was empty."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "8 10 8 8 7 6 7 7 7 11 12 9",
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Snails",
"orig": "en:Snails",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a chimney."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-noun-cfhkXQlQ",
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, UK) a chimney."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʌn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tun.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"homophone": "ton"
},
{
"homophone": "tonne"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heidelberg Tun"
],
"word": "tun"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "tunne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tunne",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tunne",
"4": "",
"5": "tun, cask, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tunnǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tunna",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin tunna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "tenn",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ton",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Tonne",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, drum"
},
"expansion": "German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tønde",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Danish tønde (“barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel, cask, tun"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "ton, barrel"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "cask"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.\nCognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "tunned",
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"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"obsolete"
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},
{
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"tags": [
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"obsolete"
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}
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"ref": "1843, Mary Holland, The Complete Economical Cook, and Frugal Housewife, 14th edition, page 407:",
"text": "Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put into tuns, or casks."
],
"id": "en-tun-en-verb-XiAxeU2b",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To put into tuns, or casks."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʌn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tun.wav",
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{
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{
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{
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"rhymes": "-ʊn"
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}
{
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},
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"name": "der"
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "tuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tunob",
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]
},
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 10 8 8 7 6 7 7 7 11 12 9",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Snails",
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"parents": [],
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],
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[
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"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Conchology",
"en:Physiology",
"en:Snails",
"en:Units of measure",
"en:Vessels"
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"word": "Heidelberg Tun"
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{
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{
"word": "tun-belly"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"3": "tunna",
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{
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},
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{
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"2": "tenn",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
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"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
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{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, drum"
},
"expansion": "German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tønde",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Danish tønde (“barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
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"3": "",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
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"expansion": "Old French tonne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "tonneau",
"3": "",
"4": "ton, barrel"
},
"expansion": "French tonneau (“ton, barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
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},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "cask"
},
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},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.\nCognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tunne",
"tags": [
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"obsolete"
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{
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]
}
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{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
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"cask"
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A fermenting vat."
],
"links": [
[
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"brewing#Noun"
],
[
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"vat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(brewing) A fermenting vat."
],
"topics": [
"beverages",
"brewing",
"business",
"food",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
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],
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:",
"text": "Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A traditional unit of liquid measure (from the volume of such a cask) equal to 252 wine gallons or 2 pipes."
],
"links": [
[
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],
[
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[
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"liquid measure"
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[
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[
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[
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"wine gallon"
],
[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A traditional unit of liquid measure (from the volume of such a cask) equal to 252 wine gallons or 2 pipes."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "long ton"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
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"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "He therefore sends you, meeter for your spirit, / This tun of treasure; and, in lieu of this, / Desires you let the dukedoms that you claim / Hear no more of you.",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "1682, John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, lines 195–196:",
"text": "A Tun of Man in thy Large bulk is writ, / But sure thou'rt but a Kilderkin of wit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of ton: any extremely or excessively large amount."
],
"links": [
[
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"ton#English"
],
[
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"extremely"
],
[
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"excessively"
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[
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"large"
],
[
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"amount"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Synonym of ton: any extremely or excessively large amount."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "any extremely or excessively large amount",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ton"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English humorous terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of drunkard: a person who drinks excessively."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
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"derogatory"
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[
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[
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[
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"drink"
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, humorous or derogatory) Synonym of drunkard: a person who drinks excessively."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a person who drinks excessively",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "drunkard"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"derogatory",
"humorous"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera."
],
"links": [
[
"Tonna",
"Tonna#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cryptobiotic state of a tardigrade, when its metabolism is temporarily suspended."
],
"links": [
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"cryptobiotic"
],
[
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[
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]
},
{
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"Oxford University English"
],
"examples": [
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43,
47
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],
"ref": "1900, Douglas Macleane, Pembroke College, page 249:",
"text": "So abundant is the supply of tankards and \"tuns\" […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small silver cup holding half a pint, sometimes having a whistle in the handle that could not be blown until the cup was empty."
],
"qualifier": "Oxford University; Pembroke College; Oxford University; Pembroke College",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Oxford University, Pembroke College) A small silver cup holding half a pint, sometimes having a whistle in the handle that could not be blown until the cup was empty."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"a chimney."
],
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, UK) a chimney."
],
"tags": [
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"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʌn/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊn/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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{
"homophone": "ton"
},
{
"homophone": "tonne"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sud"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "káď"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"word": "tonel"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tunna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baryła"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baryłka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"word": "tonel"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bóčka",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бо́чка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a large, oblong cask",
"word": "tonel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heidelberg Tun"
],
"word": "tun"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English links with redundant wikilinks",
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"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Mayan languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
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"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
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"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 30 entries",
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"Rhymes:English/ʊn/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable",
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"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Conchology",
"en:Physiology",
"en:Snails",
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"en:Vessels"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "tunne",
"4": "",
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tunnǭ"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "tunna",
"4": ""
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "tenn",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ton",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Tonne",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel, drum"
},
"expansion": "German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tønde",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Danish tønde (“barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel, cask, tun"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "barrel"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tunna (“barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tonne"
},
"expansion": "Old French tonne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "tonneau",
"3": "",
"4": "ton, barrel"
},
"expansion": "French tonneau (“ton, barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "cask"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "tunna",
"3": "",
"4": "cask"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish tunna (“cask”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tynell",
"3": "",
"4": "tun, barrel"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.\nCognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tunne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "tonne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tun (third-person singular simple present tuns, present participle tunning, simple past and past participle tunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
103
],
[
159,
165
]
],
"ref": "1843, Mary Holland, The Complete Economical Cook, and Frugal Housewife, 14th edition, page 407:",
"text": "Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To put into tuns, or casks."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To put into tuns, or casks."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʌn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tun.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "ton"
},
{
"homophone": "tonne"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊn"
}
],
"word": "tun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Mayan languages",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Conchology",
"en:Physiology",
"en:Snails",
"en:Units of measure",
"en:Vessels"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "myn"
},
"expansion": "Mayan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Mayan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tunob",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tunne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "tonne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "tunob"
},
"expansion": "tun (plural tuns or tunob)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "tun-moot"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days."
],
"links": [
[
"winal",
"winal"
]
]
}
],
"word": "tun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tun meaning in English (17.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.