See summons in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alias summons"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "originating summons"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pluries summons"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "writ of summons"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "সমন",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: সমন (śomon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: সমন (śomon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "sumon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: sumon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: sumon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "saman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: saman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: saman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "saman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: saman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: saman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "summon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: summon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: summon"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "somouns",
"t": "order or command to do something"
},
"expansion": "Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sumunce"
},
"expansion": "Old French sumunce",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "semonce"
},
"expansion": "French semonce",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*summonsa"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *summonsa",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”), borrowed from Old French sumunce (modern French semonce), from Vulgar Latin *summonsa, a noun use of the feminine past participle of summoneō, summonēre (“to summon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "summonses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "summons (plural summonses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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{
"_dis": "48 39 9 4",
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"_dis": "46 41 9 4",
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{
"_dis": "49 39 6 5",
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{
"_dis": "46 42 8 4",
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{
"_dis": "47 40 9 5",
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "44 41 10 4",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "49 33 9 9",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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{
"_dis": "55 30 7 8",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
"_dis": "47 40 9 5",
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{
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{
"_dis": "47 39 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "46 37 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "46 41 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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{
"_dis": "51 37 6 6",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
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"_dis": "47 40 9 5",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "50 33 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
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{
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1630, John Hayward, The Life and Raigne of King Edward VI:",
"text": "He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon[…]; but neither summons nor pardon was any thing regarded.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1661, John Fell, The Life of the Most Learned, Reverend and Pious Dr. H. Hammond:",
"text": "this summons […] unfit either to dispute or disobey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1818, Henry Hallam, View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages:",
"text": "special summonses by the king",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A call to do something, especially to come."
],
"id": "en-summons-en-noun-u0JDgWko",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"come",
"come"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istidʕāʔ",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِدْعَاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "çağırış"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vyklikánnje",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "выкліка́нне"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výklik",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́клік"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výzaŭ",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́заў"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "príziv",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́зив"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citació"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "výzva"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oproep"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "kutsu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "to a formal meeting",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "kokouskutsu"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocation"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chamamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aufforderung"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klêsis",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλῆσις"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toghairm"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adunanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"alt": "よびだし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yobidashi",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "呼び出し"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "daʼvet",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "دعوت"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wezwanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocação"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocatoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kallelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výklyk",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́клик"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "záklyk",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "за́клик"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 7 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vyklykánnja",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "виклика́ння"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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{
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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],
"glosses": [
"A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness."
],
"id": "en-summons-en-noun-JxsHAmie",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"summoning",
"summoning"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"defendant",
"defendant"
],
[
"juror",
"juror"
],
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness."
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istidʕāʔ",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِدْعَاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "canucʻagir",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "ծանուցագիր"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "çağırış"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavjéstka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паве́стка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śomon",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "সমন"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prizóvka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "призо́вка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povikvátelna",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повиква́телна"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compareixença"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "sumon"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "傳票"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánpiào",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "传票"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "傳訊"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánxùn",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "传讯"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "předvolání"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dagvaarding"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "as defendant",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "haaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "as juror or witness",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "kutsu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citation à comparaître"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocation"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorladung"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klísi",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλήση"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klêsis",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλῆσις"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "samman",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "सम्मन"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "idézés"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "beidézés"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "surat panggilan sidang"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "surat pemanggilan sidang"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fógra"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toghairm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"alt": "しょうかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōkan",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "召喚"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"alt": "しょうかんじょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōkanjō",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "召喚状"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"alt": "召喚",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sohwan",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "소환"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"alt": "召喚狀",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sohwanjang",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "소환장"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "saman"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wezwanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intimação"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povéstka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́стка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "predvolanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citación"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kallelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mǎai-rîiak",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "หมายเรียก"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povístka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пові́стка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 86 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwŷs"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 36 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 40 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 15 0 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A demand for surrender."
],
"id": "en-summons-en-noun-pNdvrIpe",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"demand",
"demand"
],
[
"surrender",
"surrender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A demand for surrender."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌ.mənz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-summons.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "summons"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "somouns",
"t": "order or command to do something"
},
"expansion": "Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sumunce"
},
"expansion": "Old French sumunce",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "semonce"
},
"expansion": "French semonce",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*summonsa"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *summonsa",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”), borrowed from Old French sumunce (modern French semonce), from Vulgar Latin *summonsa, a noun use of the feminine past participle of summoneō, summonēre (“to summon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "summonses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "summonsing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "summonsed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "summonsed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "summons (third-person singular simple present summonses, present participle summonsing, simple past and past participle summonsed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 March 15, The Guardian, page 1:",
"text": "It proposes that those held in the prototype Selfridges cells be kept for a maximum of four hours to have their identity confirmed and be charged, summonsed or given a fine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To serve someone with a summons."
],
"id": "en-summons-en-verb-k8ECuFcK",
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To serve someone with a summons."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌ.mənz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-summons.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "summons"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "summons",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 35 2 1 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 4 1 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 40 5 2 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 15 0 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "summon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular simple present indicative of summon"
],
"id": "en-summons-en-verb-8AgCN2Jr",
"links": [
[
"summon",
"summon#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌ.mənz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-summons.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "summons"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alias summons"
},
{
"word": "originating summons"
},
{
"word": "pluries summons"
},
{
"word": "writ of summons"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "সমন",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: সমন (śomon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: সমন (śomon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "sumon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cebuano: sumon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cebuano: sumon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "saman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: saman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: saman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "saman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: saman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: saman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "summon",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: summon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: summon"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "somouns",
"t": "order or command to do something"
},
"expansion": "Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sumunce"
},
"expansion": "Old French sumunce",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "semonce"
},
"expansion": "French semonce",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*summonsa"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *summonsa",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”), borrowed from Old French sumunce (modern French semonce), from Vulgar Latin *summonsa, a noun use of the feminine past participle of summoneō, summonēre (“to summon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "summonses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "summons (plural summonses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1630, John Hayward, The Life and Raigne of King Edward VI:",
"text": "He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon[…]; but neither summons nor pardon was any thing regarded.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1661, John Fell, The Life of the Most Learned, Reverend and Pious Dr. H. Hammond:",
"text": "this summons […] unfit either to dispute or disobey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1818, Henry Hallam, View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages:",
"text": "special summonses by the king",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A call to do something, especially to come."
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"summoning",
"summoning"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"defendant",
"defendant"
],
[
"juror",
"juror"
],
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"A demand for surrender."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"demand",
"demand"
],
[
"surrender",
"surrender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A demand for surrender."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌ.mənz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-summons.wav",
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istidʕāʔ",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِدْعَاء"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "çağırış"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vyklikánnje",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "выкліка́нне"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výklik",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́клік"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výzaŭ",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́заў"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "príziv",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́зив"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citació"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "výzva"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oproep"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "kutsu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "to a formal meeting",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "kokouskutsu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chamamento"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aufforderung"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klêsis",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλῆσις"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toghairm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adunanza"
},
{
"alt": "よびだし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yobidashi",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "呼び出し"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "daʼvet",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"word": "دعوت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wezwanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocatoria"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kallelse"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výklyk",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́клик"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "záklyk",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "за́клик"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vyklykánnja",
"sense": "call to do something, especially to come",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "виклика́ння"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istidʕāʔ",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِدْعَاء"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "canucʻagir",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "ծանուցագիր"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "çağırış"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavjéstka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паве́стка"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śomon",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "সমন"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prizóvka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "призо́вка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povikvátelna",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повиква́телна"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compareixença"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "sumon"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "傳票"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánpiào",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "传票"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "傳訊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánxùn",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "传讯"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "předvolání"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dagvaarding"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "as defendant",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "haaste"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "as juror or witness",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "kutsu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citation à comparaître"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "convocation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorladung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klísi",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλήση"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klêsis",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλῆσις"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "samman",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "सम्मन"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "idézés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "beidézés"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "surat panggilan sidang"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "surat pemanggilan sidang"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fógra"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toghairm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citazione"
},
{
"alt": "しょうかん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōkan",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "召喚"
},
{
"alt": "しょうかんじょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shōkanjō",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "召喚状"
},
{
"alt": "召喚",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sohwan",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "소환"
},
{
"alt": "召喚狀",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sohwanjang",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "소환장"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "saman"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wezwanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intimação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povéstka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́стка"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "predvolanie"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kallelse"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mǎai-rîiak",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"word": "หมายเรียก"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povístka",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пові́стка"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "notice summoning someone to appear in court",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwŷs"
}
],
"word": "summons"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
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"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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"en:Directives"
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"etymology_number": 1,
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "somouns",
"t": "order or command to do something"
},
"expansion": "Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sumunce"
},
"expansion": "Old French sumunce",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "semonce"
},
"expansion": "French semonce",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*summonsa"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *summonsa",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English somouns (“order or command to do something”), borrowed from Old French sumunce (modern French semonce), from Vulgar Latin *summonsa, a noun use of the feminine past participle of summoneō, summonēre (“to summon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "summonses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "summonsing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "summonsed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "summonsed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
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"expansion": "summons (third-person singular simple present summonses, present participle summonsing, simple past and past participle summonsed)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 March 15, The Guardian, page 1:",
"text": "It proposes that those held in the prototype Selfridges cells be kept for a maximum of four hours to have their identity confirmed and be charged, summonsed or given a fine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To serve someone with a summons."
],
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To serve someone with a summons."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌ.mənz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-summons.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "summons"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English verb forms",
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"en:Directives"
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"etymology_templates": [
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"name": "nonlemma"
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],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "summons",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "summon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular simple present indicative of summon"
],
"links": [
[
"summon",
"summon#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌ.mənz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-summons.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-summons.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "summons"
}
Download raw JSONL data for summons meaning in English (20.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.