See citation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for citation meaning in English (19.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "autocitation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "case citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citation cartel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citation cord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citation form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citationless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citation needed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "co-citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "coercive citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "metacitation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "neutral citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "parallel citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "string citation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "citacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English citacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "citation"
},
"expansion": "Old French citation",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "citatio",
"4": "citātiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin citātiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English citacioun, from Old French citation, from Latin citātiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "citations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "citation (countable and uncountable, plural citations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ci‧tat‧ion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attestation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 1 17 14 14 20 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 1 19 18 12 18 7 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 14 8 16 12 10 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, “United States Reports/Volume 70”, in Castro v. United States, United States Supreme Court",
"text": "No citation was issued upon this appeal returnable to the next term of this court, nor was the record filed and the cause docketed during that term. On the 29th of May, 1865, however, a citation was issued, returnable at this term, and service of this citation was acknowledged by the present district attorney; and the writ was returned and the record filed at this term, under an agreement between the district attorney and the attorney for the claimants, to submit the cause upon printed briefs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An official summons or notice given to a person to appear."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-jWZOTAfW",
"links": [
[
"summons",
"summons"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prizovka",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "призовка"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "dagvaarding"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorladung"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klítefsi",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλήτευση"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klísi",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλήση"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an official summons",
"word": "idézés"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an official summons",
"word": "beidézés"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 11 1 1 1 2 3 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povéstka",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́стка"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The paper containing such summons or notice."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-O0KwkZZj",
"links": [
[
"paper",
"paper"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 1 17 14 14 20 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 1 19 18 12 18 7 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-yKXy09U6",
"links": [
[
"citing",
"cite"
],
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"exact",
"exact"
],
[
"credit",
"credit"
],
[
"referencing",
"reference"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "citírane",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "цити́ране"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cita"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citació"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "citation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "citering"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "citaat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aanhaling"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "endurgeving"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zitieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paráthesi",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παράθεση"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parapompí",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παραπομπή"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mneía",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μνεία"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tzitut",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציטוט"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"word": "idézés"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citação"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citare"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "citat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "citírovanije",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "цити́рование"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cita"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citación"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"word": "alıntı yapma"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"word": "alıntılama"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 57 11 18 2 4 3 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "iktibas etme"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 1 17 14 14 20 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 1 19 18 12 18 7 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entry in a list of sources from which information was taken, typically following a prescribed bibliographical style; a reference."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-F7qf8jsv",
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"bibliographical",
"bibliographical"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 1 17 14 14 20 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 1 19 18 12 18 7 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The passage or words quoted; a quotation."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-ASGG~qB2",
"links": [
[
"passage",
"passage"
],
[
"quotation",
"quotation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "8 1 23 4 46 9 5 2 2",
"sense": "passage of words quoted",
"word": "cite"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 23 4 46 9 5 2 2",
"sense": "passage of words quoted",
"word": "quotation"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 23 4 46 9 5 2 2",
"sense": "passage of words quoted",
"word": "quote"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Lexicography",
"orig": "en:Lexicography",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 1 17 14 14 20 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 1 16 17 10 24 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 1 19 18 12 18 7 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 3",
"text": "Historically, target words were garnered through focused reading programs and citations were handwritten on slips of paper which were collated alphabetically and stored in drawers for ready access (much like old-fashioned library catalogues).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A quotation with attached bibliographical details demonstrating the use of a particular lexical item in a dictionary, especially a dictionary on historical principles."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-hD9DkR7J",
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"quotation",
"quotation"
],
[
"bibliographical",
"bibliographical"
],
[
"demonstrating",
"demonstrate"
],
[
"lexical item",
"lexical item"
],
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
],
[
"dictionary on historical principles",
"dictionary on historical principles"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) A quotation with attached bibliographical details demonstrating the use of a particular lexical item in a dictionary, especially a dictionary on historical principles."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 1 4 4 21 54 6 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāhid",
"sense": "(lexicography) a quotation with attached bibliographical details",
"tags": [
"impersonal"
],
"word": "شَاهِد"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's a simple citation of facts."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Enumeration; mention."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-jMX7tZ5-",
"links": [
[
"Enumeration",
"enumeration"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izbrojavane",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изброяване"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vermelding"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aufzählung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aparíthmisi",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απαρίθμηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katálogos",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κατάλογος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perečislénije",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перечисле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "enumeration",
"word": "tadat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 2 3 2 4 84 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "enumeration",
"word": "zikir"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-7ciTz0xq",
"links": [
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"law",
"law"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pozovavane",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "позоваване"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cita"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bronvermelding"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"word": "viite"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anaforá",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αναφορά"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parapompí",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παραπομπή"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"word": "hivatkozás"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssýlka",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ссы́лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "mention",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upominánije",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "упомина́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 4 14 2 1 4 69 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "navod"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement."
],
"id": "en-citation-en-noun-jcATu3y7",
"links": [
[
"commendation",
"commendation"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begründung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ehrenvolle Erwähnung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éffimos mneía",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εύφημος μνεία"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"word": "dicséret"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"word": "kupu hautoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 86",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obʺjavlénije blagodárnosti",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "объявле́ние благода́рности"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsaɪˈteɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsaɪˈtʰeɪʃn̩]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-citation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-citation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-citation.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"citation"
],
"word": "citation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English contranyms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Czech translations",
"Requests for review of Irish translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/3 syllables",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "autocitation"
},
{
"word": "case citation"
},
{
"word": "citational"
},
{
"word": "citation cartel"
},
{
"word": "citation cord"
},
{
"word": "citation form"
},
{
"word": "citationless"
},
{
"word": "citation needed"
},
{
"word": "co-citation"
},
{
"word": "coercive citation"
},
{
"word": "metacitation"
},
{
"word": "neutral citation"
},
{
"word": "parallel citation"
},
{
"word": "self-citation"
},
{
"word": "string citation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "citacioun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English citacioun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "citation"
},
"expansion": "Old French citation",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "citatio",
"4": "citātiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin citātiō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English citacioun, from Old French citation, from Latin citātiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "citations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "citation (countable and uncountable, plural citations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ci‧tat‧ion"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cite"
},
{
"word": "attestation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, “United States Reports/Volume 70”, in Castro v. United States, United States Supreme Court",
"text": "No citation was issued upon this appeal returnable to the next term of this court, nor was the record filed and the cause docketed during that term. On the 29th of May, 1865, however, a citation was issued, returnable at this term, and service of this citation was acknowledged by the present district attorney; and the writ was returned and the record filed at this term, under an agreement between the district attorney and the attorney for the claimants, to submit the cause upon printed briefs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An official summons or notice given to a person to appear."
],
"links": [
[
"summons",
"summons"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"appear",
"appear"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The paper containing such summons or notice."
],
"links": [
[
"paper",
"paper"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing."
],
"links": [
[
"citing",
"cite"
],
[
"text",
"text"
],
[
"exact",
"exact"
],
[
"credit",
"credit"
],
[
"referencing",
"reference"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An entry in a list of sources from which information was taken, typically following a prescribed bibliographical style; a reference."
],
"links": [
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"bibliographical",
"bibliographical"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The passage or words quoted; a quotation."
],
"links": [
[
"passage",
"passage"
],
[
"quotation",
"quotation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Lexicography"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 3",
"text": "Historically, target words were garnered through focused reading programs and citations were handwritten on slips of paper which were collated alphabetically and stored in drawers for ready access (much like old-fashioned library catalogues).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A quotation with attached bibliographical details demonstrating the use of a particular lexical item in a dictionary, especially a dictionary on historical principles."
],
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"quotation",
"quotation"
],
[
"bibliographical",
"bibliographical"
],
[
"demonstrating",
"demonstrate"
],
[
"lexical item",
"lexical item"
],
[
"dictionary",
"dictionary"
],
[
"dictionary on historical principles",
"dictionary on historical principles"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) A quotation with attached bibliographical details demonstrating the use of a particular lexical item in a dictionary, especially a dictionary on historical principles."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's a simple citation of facts."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Enumeration; mention."
],
"links": [
[
"Enumeration",
"enumeration"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law."
],
"links": [
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"law",
"law"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement."
],
"links": [
[
"commendation",
"commendation"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsaɪˈteɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌsaɪˈtʰeɪʃn̩]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-citation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-citation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-citation.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "passage of words quoted",
"word": "cite"
},
{
"sense": "passage of words quoted",
"word": "quotation"
},
{
"sense": "passage of words quoted",
"word": "quote"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prizovka",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "призовка"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "dagvaarding"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorladung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klítefsi",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλήτευση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klísi",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλήση"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an official summons",
"word": "idézés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "an official summons",
"word": "beidézés"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povéstka",
"sense": "an official summons",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пове́стка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "citírane",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "цити́ране"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cita"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citació"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "citation"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "citering"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "citaat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aanhaling"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "endurgeving"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zitieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paráthesi",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παράθεση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parapompí",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παραπομπή"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mneía",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μνεία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tzitut",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציטוט"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"word": "idézés"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "citat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "citírovanije",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "цити́рование"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cita"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citación"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"word": "alıntı yapma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"word": "alıntılama"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the act of citing a passage from a book",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly"
],
"word": "iktibas etme"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāhid",
"sense": "(lexicography) a quotation with attached bibliographical details",
"tags": [
"impersonal"
],
"word": "شَاهِد"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izbrojavane",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изброяване"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vermelding"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aufzählung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aparíthmisi",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "απαρίθμηση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "katálogos",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κατάλογος"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perečislénije",
"sense": "enumeration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "перечисле́ние"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "enumeration",
"word": "tadat"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "enumeration",
"word": "zikir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pozovavane",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "позоваване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cita"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bronvermelding"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"word": "viite"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anaforá",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αναφορά"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "parapompí",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παραπομπή"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"word": "hivatkozás"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssýlka",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ссы́лка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "mention",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upominánije",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "упомина́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a reference to decided cases, or books of authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "navod"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "citatie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begründung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ehrenvolle Erwähnung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éffimos mneía",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εύφημος μνεία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"word": "dicséret"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"word": "kupu hautoa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obʺjavlénije blagodárnosti",
"sense": "a commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "объявле́ние благода́рности"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"citation"
],
"word": "citation"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.