See stoke in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stokon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stokon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stokon"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stokon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stokōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stokōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stukōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stoken",
"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, jab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estoquer"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoquer",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoken, from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”) or Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from Old Dutch *stokon or Old Saxon *stokon, both from Proto-West Germanic *stokōn, from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”).\nCognate with Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”). Alternative etymology derives the Middle English word from Old French estoquer, estochier (“to thrust, strike”), from the same Germanic source. More at stock.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stokes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stoking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stoke (third-person singular simple present stokes, present participle stoking, simple past and past participle stoked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 27 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 27 17 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 26 16 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 23 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "No man shall draw a short sword with a sharpened point for piercing thrusts, nor will bear any such weapon by his side. Neither shall any man ride toward his opponent with a sharp-ground spear more than once.",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Knẏghtes Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 34, recto, lines 1688–1691:",
"text": "Ne short swerd for to stoke with point bityng / No man ne drawe ne bere it by his syde / Ne no man shal un to his felawe ryde / But o cours with a sharp ygrounde spere",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To poke, pierce, thrust."
],
"id": "en-stoke-en-verb-1S6hFVJD",
"links": [
[
"poke",
"poke"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To poke, pierce, thrust."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "muškam",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "мушкам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "stoken"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "tisonner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "stochen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "schüren"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssusida",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "쑤시다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssuseokgeorida",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "쑤석거리다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jireuda",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "지르다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjireuda",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "찌르다"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "cutucar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "furar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stoke.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "stoke"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*stokon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *stokon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stokon"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stokon",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stokōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stokōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stukōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stoken",
"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, jab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estoquer"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoquer",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoken, from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”) or Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from Old Dutch *stokon or Old Saxon *stokon, both from Proto-West Germanic *stokōn, from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”).\nCognate with Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”). Alternative etymology derives the Middle English word from Old French estoquer, estochier (“to thrust, strike”), from the same Germanic source. More at stock.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stoke (plural stokes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 27 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 27 17 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 26 16 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 23 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of poking, piercing, thrusting"
],
"id": "en-stoke-en-noun-DGRTFSsf",
"links": [
[
"poking",
"poke"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stoke.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "stoke"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stokehole"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stoker"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stoker",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a back-formation of stoker, apparently from Dutch stoker, from stoken (“to kindle a fire, incite, instigate”), from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from stock (“stick, stock”), see: tandenstoker. Ultimately the same word as above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stokes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stoking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stoke (third-person singular simple present stokes, present participle stoking, simple past and past participle stoked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stoker"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 27 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 27 17 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 26 16 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 23 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 23 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 17 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 23 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 23 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 24 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feed, stir up, especially, a fire or furnace."
],
"id": "en-stoke-en-verb-zQBhIMVn",
"links": [
[
"feed",
"feed"
],
[
"stir up",
"stir up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To feed, stir up, especially, a fire or furnace."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podklaždam",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "подклаждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "topit"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "stoken"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "tiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "tisonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "avivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "zoscar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "stochen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "schüren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "kynda undir"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "bæta eldsneyti á"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "attizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssusida",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "쑤시다"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssuseokgeorida",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "쑤석거리다"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ko",
"english": "fire, fiery mind, fiery sound",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jireuda",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "지르다"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjireuda",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "찌르다"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"english": "a fire",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "torotoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "beten"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "stôtchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atiçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "avivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "ațâța"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "topítʹ",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "топи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "topyty",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "топити"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidtrymuvaty vohonʹ",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "підтримувати вогонь"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "tanio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 15 27 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 27 17 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 26 16 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 23 15 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 23 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 17 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 23 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 23 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"ref": "1974, Joni Mitchell, Free Man in Paris:",
"text": "Stoking the star maker machinery behind the popular song",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Roy F. Baumeister, John Tierney, Willpower, →ISBN, page 120:",
"text": "To stoke motivation and ambition, focus instead on the road ahead.",
"type": "quote"
}
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"To encourage a behavior or emotion."
],
"id": "en-stoke-en-verb-b3MbfCMi",
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"encourage"
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[
"behavior",
"behavior"
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"(transitive, by extension) To encourage a behavior or emotion."
],
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{
"_dis": "16 16 26 16 26",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 15 23 15 26",
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{
"_dis": "22 12 19 19 28",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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{
"_dis": "19 10 16 16 40",
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{
"_dis": "28 28 43",
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{
"_dis": "22 30 48",
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"_dis": "28 28 43",
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{
"_dis": "28 28 43",
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{
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"_dis": "28 28 43",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "24 24 52",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "28 28 43",
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"_dis": "28 28 43",
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"_dis": "39 24 37",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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[
"attend",
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[
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[
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[
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],
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"(intransitive) To attend to or supply a furnace with fuel; to act as a stoker or fireman."
],
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"intransitive"
]
}
],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
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],
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"extra": "unit of kinematic viscosity",
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],
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],
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
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{
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"name": "der"
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{
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"name": "der"
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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{
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stokōn",
"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
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"4": "",
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stoken",
"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, jab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estoquer"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoquer",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoken, from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”) or Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from Old Dutch *stokon or Old Saxon *stokon, both from Proto-West Germanic *stokōn, from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”).\nCognate with Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”). Alternative etymology derives the Middle English word from Old French estoquer, estochier (“to thrust, strike”), from the same Germanic source. More at stock.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stokes",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stoking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "No man shall draw a short sword with a sharpened point for piercing thrusts, nor will bear any such weapon by his side. Neither shall any man ride toward his opponent with a sharp-ground spear more than once.",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Knẏghtes Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 34, recto, lines 1688–1691:",
"text": "Ne short swerd for to stoke with point bityng / No man ne drawe ne bere it by his syde / Ne no man shal un to his felawe ryde / But o cours with a sharp ygrounde spere",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
"links": [
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"poke"
],
[
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"pierce"
],
[
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"thrust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To poke, pierce, thrust."
],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "muškam",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "мушкам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "stoken"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "tisonner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "stochen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "schüren"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssusida",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "쑤시다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssuseokgeorida",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "쑤석거리다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jireuda",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "지르다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjireuda",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "찌르다"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "cutucar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to poke, pierce",
"word": "furar"
}
],
"word": "stoke"
}
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
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"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
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"Terms with German translations",
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{
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},
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{
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "to push, beat"
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, jab"
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"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "stauka",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estoquer"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoquer",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stoken, from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”) or Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from Old Dutch *stokon or Old Saxon *stokon, both from Proto-West Germanic *stokōn, from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”).\nCognate with Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”). Alternative etymology derives the Middle English word from Old French estoquer, estochier (“to thrust, strike”), from the same Germanic source. More at stock.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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}
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"name": "en-noun"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An act of poking, piercing, thrusting"
],
"links": [
[
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"poke"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
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{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
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"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "stoke"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/əʊk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stokehole"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stoker"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stoker",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a back-formation of stoker, apparently from Dutch stoker, from stoken (“to kindle a fire, incite, instigate”), from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from stock (“stick, stock”), see: tandenstoker. Ultimately the same word as above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stokes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stoking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stoked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stoke (third-person singular simple present stokes, present participle stoking, simple past and past participle stoked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "stoker"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To feed, stir up, especially, a fire or furnace."
],
"links": [
[
"feed",
"feed"
],
[
"stir up",
"stir up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To feed, stir up, especially, a fire or furnace."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1974, Joni Mitchell, Free Man in Paris:",
"text": "Stoking the star maker machinery behind the popular song",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Roy F. Baumeister, John Tierney, Willpower, →ISBN, page 120:",
"text": "To stoke motivation and ambition, focus instead on the road ahead.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To encourage a behavior or emotion."
],
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, by extension) To encourage a behavior or emotion."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To attend to or supply a furnace with fuel; to act as a stoker or fireman."
],
"links": [
[
"attend",
"attend"
],
[
"supply",
"supply"
],
[
"stoker",
"stoker"
],
[
"fireman",
"fireman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To attend to or supply a furnace with fuel; to act as a stoker or fireman."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stoke.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podklaždam",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "подклаждам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atiar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "topit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "stoken"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "tiser"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "tisonner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atizar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "avivar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "zoscar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "stochen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "schüren"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "kynda undir"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "bæta eldsneyti á"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "attizzare"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssusida",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "쑤시다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssuseokgeorida",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "쑤석거리다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"english": "fire, fiery mind, fiery sound",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jireuda",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "지르다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjireuda",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "찌르다"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "a fire",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "torotoro"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "beten"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "stôtchi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atiçar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "avivar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "ațâța"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "topítʹ",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "топи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "atizar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "topyty",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "топити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidtrymuvaty vohonʹ",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "підтримувати вогонь"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to feed, stir up",
"word": "tanio"
}
],
"word": "stoke"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "stokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stoke (plural stokes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "unit of kinematic viscosity",
"word": "stokes"
}
],
"categories": [
"English misconstructions",
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"Misconstruction of stokes (unit of kinematic viscosity)"
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"stokes",
"stokes#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) Misconstruction of stokes (unit of kinematic viscosity)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misconstruction"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stəʊk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stoke.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stoke.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
},
{
"enpr": "stōk",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stoʊk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "stoke"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stoke meaning in English (18.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.