See beten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for beten meaning in Middle English (27.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beat",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: beat\n→ Pennsylvania German: biede",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: beat\n→ Pennsylvania German: biede"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beat",
"3": "beit"
},
"expansion": "Scots: beat, beit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: beat, beit"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēatan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bēatan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēatan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bēatan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bautan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bautan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bautaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bautaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English bēatan, from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 or weak in -te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bettest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "betende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybeten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "beteth",
"2": "betynge",
"3": "bet",
"4": "beten"
},
"expansion": "beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bet, past participle beten)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bet",
"2": "bet",
"c": "7",
"w": "te"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands:",
"To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands"
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-ZWn9P~9e",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"whip",
"whip"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To bombard or strike with projectiles."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-AD97MCOS",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"bombard",
"bombard"
],
[
"projectile",
"projectile"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 7 7 8 8 8 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 7 1 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 9 7 7 9 9 9 2 3 1 4 2 5 1 6 1 1 7 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 9 8 5 7 7 7 2 4 1 5 2 5 2 5 2 2 10 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 12 7 4 9 9 9 4 3 0 3 0 5 3 3 1 0 6 0 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 6 6 8 7 7 2 3 2 4 3 5 3 6 3 3 7 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "enm:Metallurgy",
"parents": [
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 30 0 0 23 23 23 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 7 10 6 7 8 8 8 5 3 2 3 2 5 6 3 2 3 5 2 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To violently or furiously assail."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-F-fnFqmF",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"violently",
"violently"
],
[
"furiously",
"furiously"
],
[
"assail",
"assail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"(of the weather) To violently or furiously assail."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the weather"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 8 10 12 5 7 7 7 0 6 0 7 0 5 1 6 0 0 14 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "enm:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 8 3 7 6 6 4 4 1 4 3 5 2 6 2 1 9 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [
"Combustion",
"Light sources",
"Chemical processes",
"Light",
"Nature",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To bat (wings or eyes) up and down."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-G4gV1msx",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"bat",
"bat"
],
[
"wing",
"wing#English"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#English"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To strike cloth or tow."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-95HuemU6",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"tow",
"tow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"(rare) To strike cloth or tow."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 7 7 8 8 8 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 7 1 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 9 7 7 9 9 9 2 3 1 4 2 5 1 6 1 1 7 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 6 6 8 7 7 2 3 2 4 3 5 3 6 3 3 7 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "enm:Metallurgy",
"parents": [
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 7 9 4 13 13 13 0 4 0 5 0 4 1 4 0 0 10 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"To strike metal into shape; to perform metalworking."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-iqZF~lkE",
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly#English"
],
[
"violently",
"violently#English"
],
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"whack",
"whack"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"metalworking",
"metalworking"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 7 7 8 8 8 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 7 1 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 9 7 7 9 9 9 2 3 1 4 2 5 1 6 1 1 7 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 6 6 8 7 7 2 3 2 4 3 5 3 6 3 3 7 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "enm:Metallurgy",
"parents": [
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 7 9 4 13 13 13 0 4 0 5 0 4 1 4 0 0 10 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"To throb or vibrate; to make a regular pulse."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-VCkXZxH8",
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly#English"
],
[
"violently",
"violently#English"
],
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"whack",
"whack"
],
[
"throb",
"throb"
],
[
"vibrate",
"vibrate"
],
[
"regular",
"regular"
],
[
"pulse",
"pulse"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 7 7 8 8 8 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 7 1 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 9 7 7 9 9 9 2 3 1 4 2 5 1 6 1 1 7 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 6 6 8 7 7 2 3 2 4 3 5 3 6 3 3 7 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "enm:Metallurgy",
"parents": [
"Metals",
"Technology",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 7 9 4 13 13 13 0 4 0 5 0 4 1 4 0 0 10 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"To thresh; to separate grain from the chaff."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-TiVo6yr9",
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly#English"
],
[
"violently",
"violently#English"
],
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"whack",
"whack"
],
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"chaff",
"chaff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"(rare) To thresh; to separate grain from the chaff."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "enm:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crush, grind or mix; to cause to lose form."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-WzDXr-87",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"mix",
"mix"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially cooking) To crush, grind or mix; to cause to lose form."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 6 6 4 5 5 5 5 10 3 5 3 4 3 5 3 3 8 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sewing",
"orig": "enm:Sewing",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To decorate with embroidery, metalwork, or paintwork."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-ntXojxLD",
"links": [
[
"decorate",
"decorate"
],
[
"embroidery",
"embroidery"
],
[
"metalwork",
"metalwork"
],
[
"paintwork",
"paintwork"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To beat (conquer, ruin, or overcome)."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-iNrUzdyX",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"conquer",
"conquer#English"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin#English"
],
[
"overcome",
"overcome#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To inflict punishment upon someone."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-RKOckOCe",
"links": [
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To inflict punishment upon someone."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be near or adjacent; to border."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-aOsrVeu6",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
],
[
"border",
"border"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be near or adjacent; to border."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 6 5 8 5 5 5 4 3 2 3 3 13 5 4 2 2 4 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "enm:Hunting",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enter a waterbody so a hunting hound loses scent."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-Flz0AmaN",
"links": [
[
"enter",
"enter"
],
[
"waterbody",
"waterbody"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"hound",
"hound"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a quarry, rare) To enter a waterbody so a hunting hound loses scent."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a quarry"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 3 0 5 2 8 8 8 3 2 2 1 3 5 20 14 5 3 2 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 1 4 4 7 4 7 5 2 2 2 4 4 14 10 9 3 3 3 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To talk or converse about."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb--9~V~WqQ",
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"converse",
"converse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) To talk or converse about."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beete"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bete"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beytt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "betyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "beaten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Kent"
],
"word": "byete"
}
],
"word": "beten"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beet",
"qq": "dialectal, obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bete",
"3": "beit",
"4": "beet",
"5": "beat"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to fix"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bētan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bētan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bētan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bētan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bōtijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bōtijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bet",
"t": "better"
},
"expansion": "bet (“better”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English bētan, from Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną; some forms are remodelled on bet (“better”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bettest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "betten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "betende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "beteth",
"2": "betynge",
"3": "bette",
"4": "bet"
},
"expansion": "beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bette, past participle bet)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bet",
"2": "bet",
"3s2": "bet",
"c": "te",
"c2": "irr",
"p_part2": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To fix or mend; to perform repairs to.",
"To alleviate or cure; to remove a condition."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-fhW2YRIy",
"links": [
[
"fix",
"fix"
],
[
"mend",
"mend"
],
[
"alleviate",
"alleviate"
],
[
"cure",
"cure"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To fix or mend; to perform repairs to.",
"To reassure; to free from distress."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-c3aNY~M2",
"links": [
[
"fix",
"fix"
],
[
"mend",
"mend"
],
[
"reassure",
"reassure"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 8 8 4 7 7 7 5 2 1 2 2 8 3 5 1 9 5 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"Human",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To save from danger or death."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-68-YCTR3",
"links": [
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"danger",
"danger"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 8 7 7 8 8 8 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 7 1 1 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 9 7 7 9 9 9 2 3 1 4 2 5 1 6 1 1 7 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 9 8 5 7 7 7 2 4 1 5 2 5 2 5 2 2 10 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 10 12 5 7 7 7 0 6 0 7 0 5 1 6 0 0 14 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "enm:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 8 3 7 6 6 4 4 1 4 3 5 2 6 2 1 9 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [
"Combustion",
"Light sources",
"Chemical processes",
"Light",
"Nature",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 7 9 4 13 13 13 0 4 0 5 0 4 1 4 0 0 10 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To expiate; to make amends for a sin or wrong."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-pJFBPEfZ",
"links": [
[
"expiate",
"expiate"
],
[
"amend",
"amend"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 8 3 7 6 6 4 4 1 4 3 5 2 6 2 1 9 9 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "enm:Fire",
"parents": [
"Combustion",
"Light sources",
"Chemical processes",
"Light",
"Nature",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To start or add fuel to a fire; to stoke."
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-bnZzVGo2",
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"stoke",
"stoke"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To rouse or stir (a feeling)"
],
"id": "en-beten-enm-verb-WAuXhA0c",
"links": [
[
"rouse",
"rouse"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To rouse or stir (a feeling)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːtən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beete"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bete"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beytt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bett"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "betten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "betenn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "beote"
}
],
"word": "beten"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English irregular weak verbs",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Art",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Hunting",
"enm:Metallurgy",
"enm:Music",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Sewing",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beat",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: beat\n→ Pennsylvania German: biede",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: beat\n→ Pennsylvania German: biede"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beat",
"3": "beit"
},
"expansion": "Scots: beat, beit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: beat, beit"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēatan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bēatan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēatan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bēatan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bautan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bautan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bautaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bautaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English bēatan, from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 or weak in -te",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bettest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "betende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybeten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "beteth",
"2": "betynge",
"3": "bet",
"4": "beten"
},
"expansion": "beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bet, past participle beten)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bet",
"2": "bet",
"c": "7",
"w": "te"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands:",
"To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands"
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"whip",
"whip"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To bombard or strike with projectiles."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"bombard",
"bombard"
],
[
"projectile",
"projectile"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Weather"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To violently or furiously assail."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"violently",
"violently"
],
[
"furiously",
"furiously"
],
[
"assail",
"assail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"(of the weather) To violently or furiously assail."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the weather"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To bat (wings or eyes) up and down."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"bat",
"bat"
],
[
"wing",
"wing#English"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#English"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"To strike cloth or tow."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"tow",
"tow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:",
"(rare) To strike cloth or tow."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"To strike metal into shape; to perform metalworking."
],
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly#English"
],
[
"violently",
"violently#English"
],
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"whack",
"whack"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"metalworking",
"metalworking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"To throb or vibrate; to make a regular pulse."
],
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly#English"
],
[
"violently",
"violently#English"
],
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"whack",
"whack"
],
[
"throb",
"throb"
],
[
"vibrate",
"vibrate"
],
[
"regular",
"regular"
],
[
"pulse",
"pulse"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"To thresh; to separate grain from the chaff."
],
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly#English"
],
[
"violently",
"violently#English"
],
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"whack",
"whack"
],
[
"thresh",
"thresh"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"chaff",
"chaff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:",
"(rare) To thresh; to separate grain from the chaff."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"To crush, grind or mix; to cause to lose form."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"mix",
"mix"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially cooking) To crush, grind or mix; to cause to lose form."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To decorate with embroidery, metalwork, or paintwork."
],
"links": [
[
"decorate",
"decorate"
],
[
"embroidery",
"embroidery"
],
[
"metalwork",
"metalwork"
],
[
"paintwork",
"paintwork"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To beat (conquer, ruin, or overcome)."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"conquer",
"conquer#English"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin#English"
],
[
"overcome",
"overcome#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To inflict punishment upon someone."
],
"links": [
[
"inflict",
"inflict"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To inflict punishment upon someone."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be near or adjacent; to border."
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
],
[
"border",
"border"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be near or adjacent; to border."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To enter a waterbody so a hunting hound loses scent."
],
"links": [
[
"enter",
"enter"
],
[
"waterbody",
"waterbody"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"hound",
"hound"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a quarry, rare) To enter a waterbody so a hunting hound loses scent."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a quarry"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To talk or converse about."
],
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"converse",
"converse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) To talk or converse about."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛːtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beete"
},
{
"word": "bet"
},
{
"word": "bete"
},
{
"word": "betyn"
},
{
"word": "beytt"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "beaten"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kent"
],
"word": "byete"
}
],
"word": "beten"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English irregular weak verbs",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Art",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Fire",
"enm:Hunting",
"enm:Metallurgy",
"enm:Music",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Sewing",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beet",
"qq": "dialectal, obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bete",
"3": "beit",
"4": "beet",
"5": "beat"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to fix"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bētan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English bētan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bētan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English bētan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bōtijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bōtijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bet",
"t": "better"
},
"expansion": "bet (“better”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English bētan, from Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną; some forms are remodelled on bet (“better”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bettest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "betten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bette",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "betende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "beten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "beteth",
"2": "betynge",
"3": "bette",
"4": "bet"
},
"expansion": "beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bette, past participle bet)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bet",
"2": "bet",
"3s2": "bet",
"c": "te",
"c2": "irr",
"p_part2": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To fix or mend; to perform repairs to.",
"To alleviate or cure; to remove a condition."
],
"links": [
[
"fix",
"fix"
],
[
"mend",
"mend"
],
[
"alleviate",
"alleviate"
],
[
"cure",
"cure"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To fix or mend; to perform repairs to.",
"To reassure; to free from distress."
],
"links": [
[
"fix",
"fix"
],
[
"mend",
"mend"
],
[
"reassure",
"reassure"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To save from danger or death."
],
"links": [
[
"save",
"save"
],
[
"danger",
"danger"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To expiate; to make amends for a sin or wrong."
],
"links": [
[
"expiate",
"expiate"
],
[
"amend",
"amend"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To start or add fuel to a fire; to stoke."
],
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
],
[
"stoke",
"stoke"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To rouse or stir (a feeling)"
],
"links": [
[
"rouse",
"rouse"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) To rouse or stir (a feeling)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeːtən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beete"
},
{
"word": "bete"
},
{
"word": "bett"
},
{
"word": "betten"
},
{
"word": "beytt"
},
{
"word": "betenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "beote"
}
],
"word": "beten"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.